Lipid Composition of Oyster, Arkshell and Sea-mussel

굴, 피조개 및 진주담치의 지질조성에 관한 연구

  • YOON Ho-Dong (National Fisheries Research and Development Agency) ;
  • BYUN Han-Seok (Department of Food Science and Technology, National Fisheries University of Pusan) ;
  • CHUN Seok-Jo (Department of Food Science and Technology, National Fisheries University of Pusan) ;
  • KIM Seon-Bong (Department of Food Science and Technology, National Fisheries University of Pusan) ;
  • PARK Yeung-Ho (Department of Food Science and Technology, National Fisheries University of Pusan)
  • 윤호동 (국립수산진흥원) ;
  • 변한석 (부산수산대학 식품공학과) ;
  • 천석조 (부산수산대학 식품공학과) ;
  • 김선봉 (부산수산대학 식품공학과) ;
  • 박영호 (부산수산대학 식품공학과)
  • Published : 1986.07.01

Abstract

Oyster (Crassostrea gigas), arkshell (Anadare(Scapharce) broughtonii) and sea-mussel (Mytilus edulis) were investigated as to their lipid classes. Lipid extracts from shellfishes were fractionated into neutral lipid (NL), glycolipid (GL) and phospho-lipid (PL) by column chromatography with silicic acid. The fatty acid compositions of their lipid classes and lipid fractions were determined by gas liquid chromatography (GLC). Total lipid contents of shellfishes were $3.5\%$ in the oyster, $1.4\%$ in the arkshell, $1.0\%$ in the sea-mussel. The major fatty acids of total lipids were palmitic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the oyster and the sea-mussel, palmitic acid, oleic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in the arkshell. The lipid composition of neutral lipid fractions in shellfishes was separated and identified as free sterol, free fatty acid, triglyceride, hydrocarbon and esterified sterol by TLC. Of these classes, triglyceride fraction was most abundant, amounting to 55.6, 77.7 and $60.4\%$ in the three samples mentioned above, respectively. The main fatty acids of glycolipid were palmitic acid, eicosaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in oyster, myristic acid, palmitic acid and palmitoleic acid in the arkshell, docosahexaenoic acid, linolenic acid and palmitic acid in the sea-mussel. The major fatty acids of phospholipid were palmitic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the oyster and sea-mussel, palmitic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and erucic acid in the arkshell.

우리나라 연안에 서식하고 있는 패류중에서 이매 견인 굴, 피조개 및 진주담치를 시료로 하여 지질조성을 비교, 검토하였다. 각시료의 총지질의 함량은 굴이 $3.5\%$, 피조개는 $1.4\%$, 진주담치는 $1.0\%$로 나타났으며, 중성지질함량은 $60.5{\sim}76.3\%$, 당지질은 $1.2{\sim}4.2\%$ 그리고 인지질은 $10.2{\sim}32.2\%$를 차지하였다. 총지질의 주요지방산은 palmitic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid가 주성분이었고 이외에도 굴에는 docosahexaenoic acid가, 피조개와 진주담치에는 palmitic acid의 함량이 많았다. 중성지질을 구성하는 지질성분은 free sterol, 유리지방산, triglyceride, hydrocarbon & esterified sterol등이었으며, 이 가운데 triglyceride의의 함량이 가장 많았고($55.6{\sim}77.7\%$), 그 다음으로 hydrocarbon & esterified sterol, free sterol 함량이 각각 $5.7{\sim}18.8\%$$7.4{\sim}12.2\%$로서 비교적 큰 비중을 차지하였다. 중성지질의 지방산조성을 보면, 굴에서는 palmitic acid($27.8\%$), eicosapentaenoic acid($14.7\%$) 및 oleic acid($10.73\%$)가, 피조게에서는 palmitic acid($36.65\%$), eicosapentaenoic acid($21.9\%$) 및 palmitoleic acid($14.52\%$)가 주요지방산이었고, 진주담치에는 palmitic acid($36.65\%$), eicosapentaenoic acid($16.9\%$) 및 palmitoleic acid($12.3\%$)가 주성분이었다. 당지질의 지방산조성을 보면, 굴에는 docosahexaenoic acid가 $45.51\%$로서 가장 많았고, 그 다음으로 palmitic acid ($9.71\%$), eicosaenoic acid($8.77\%$)의 순으로 나타났으며, 피조개에는 palmitic acid($17.63\%$), myristic acid($21.8\%$) 및 palmitoleic acid($11.1\%$)가 주성분이었고, 진주담치에는 docosahexaenoic acid($27.33\%$), linolenic acid($13.7\%$) 및 palmitic acid($10.6\%$)가 주요지방산이었다. 굴의 인지질의 구성하는 주요지방산은 palmitic acid($34.73\%$), docosahexaenoic acid($15.24\%$) 및 eicosapentaenoic acid($13.57\%$)였고, 피조개에서는 palmitic acid($29.44\%$), eicosapentaenoic acid($14.4\%$) 및 erucic acid($11.84\%$)가 주요지방산이었다. 그리고 진주담치에서는 palmitic acid가 $23.9\%$, eicosapentaenoic acid가 $10.9\%$, linoleic acid가 $7.92\%$를 차지하여 주성분을 이루고 있었다.

Keywords