Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
권호 표지

The Effects of DHA-Supplemented Formula on the Fatty Acid Composition of Erythrocyte and Brain Development in Full-Term Infants

DHA 보충이 영아의 적혈구 지방산조성과 두뇌발달에 미치는 영향

  • 손보경 (경희대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 1997.06.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) is found in a high proportion in the structural lipids of cell membranes, in particular those of the central nervous system and the retina. Diet-induced changes in fatty acid composition in these tissues may affect physiochemical functions. This study was conducted to investigate whether supplements of DHA in infant formula has an effect on the composition of fatty acids in erythrocytes with regard to brain development. Experimental groups were breastmilk group(n=21), placebo formula group(n=15), and DHA supplemented formula (0.26%) group(n=16). Infants were selected by mothers who deliverecdd at Kyung Hee medical center from February to April, 1996. Infant body weight, length, and head circumference were similar among the experimental groups at 16 weeks of age. The levels of DHA in breastmilk, placebo formula, and DHA supplemented formula were 0.56, 0, and 0.26% of total fatty acids, respectively. There was a significant correlation between dietary DHA intake and erythrocyte DHA levels. The levels of arachidonic acid did not differ among the three expermental groups. The result of flash visual evoke potential(VEP) test was correlated with the erythrocyte levels and dietary DHA levels at 16 weeks of age. No other fatty acid was correlated with VEP test results. No differences were found in Bayley Mental and Psychomotor Development Index scores among the three groups at 20 weeks of age. DHA seems to be an essential nutrient for optimum growth and maturation of term infants. Relatively small amounts of dietary DHA supplementation significantly elevate DHA supplementation significantly elevate DHA content in erythrocytes, which in turn has an implication for better scores for infant's VEP test. Whether supplementation of formula-fed infants with DHA has long-term benefits remains to be elucidated.

Keywords

References

  1. J Pediatr v.120 Plasma and red blood cell fatty acid values as indexes of essential fatty acids in the developing organs of infants fed with milk or formulas Sheila,M.
  2. Brain development : Relationship to dietary lipid and lipid metabolism Jumpsen,J.;Clandinin,M.T.
  3. Early Hum Dev v.4 Chance GW Intrauterine fatty acid accretion rates in human brain : Implications for fatty acid requirements Clandinin,M.T.;Chappel,J.E.;Leong,S.;Heim,T.;Swyer,P.R.
  4. Early Hum Dev v.4 Chance GW Extrauterine fatty acid accretion in human brain : Implications for fatty acid requirements Clandinin,M.T.;Chappel,J.E.;Leong,S.;Heim,T.;Swyer,P.R.
  5. J Pediatr v.29 The effect of dietary fat on the developing brain Makrides,M.;Gibson,R.A.:Simmer,K.
  6. Lancet v.345 Are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids essential nutrients in infancy? Makrides,M.;Neumann,M.:Simmer,K.;Pater,K.;Gibson,R.A.
  7. J Pediatr v.125 Tissue levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids during early human development Martinez,M.
  8. Am J Clin Nutr v.60 Will dietary w3 fatty acids change the composition of human milk Makrides,M.
  9. 한국영양학회지 v.29 수유기에 식이와 함께 섭취한 DHA가 산모의 혈액과 모유의 지질조성에 미치는 영향 조여원;박현서;홍주영;정경숙
  10. Am J Clin Nutr v.36 The effect of variations in dietary fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of erythrocyte phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in human infants Putnam,J.C.;Calson,S.E.;Devoe,P.W.;Barness,L.A.
  11. J Am Diet Assoc v.93 Are n-3 fatty acids essential nutrients for fetal and infant development? Nettleton,J.A.
  12. Pediatr Res v.27 Docosahexaenoic acid is the preferred dietary n-3 fatty acid for the development of the brain and retina Anderson,G.J.;Connor,W.E.;Corliss,J.D.
  13. J Pediatr v.125 Visual and brain function measurements in studies of n-3 fatty acid requirements in infants Uauy,R.;Birch,E.;Birch,D.;Peirano,P.
  14. J Clin Neurophysiol v.9 Daphine LM Visual evoked potentials in infants and children Margot,J.T.
  15. Pediatr Res v.34 Erythrocyte docosahexaenoic acid correlates with the visual response of healthy, term infants Makrides,M.;Simmer,K.;Goggin,M.;Gibson,R.A.
  16. American Academy of Ophthamology Electrophysiologic Testing Fishman,G.A.;Sool,S.
  17. Psychological testing(6th ed.) Anastasi,A.
  18. Institute of human development university of California. Barkeley Bayley,N.
  19. Pediatr Res v.30 Long-term feeding of formulas high in linolenic acid and marine oil to very low birth weigth infants: Phospholipid fatty acids Carlson,S.E.;Cooke,R.J.;Rhodes,P.G.;Peeples,J.M.;Werkman,S.H.;Tolley,E.A.
  20. Am J Clin Nutr v.58 Visual acuity development in healthy preterm infants : Effect of marine oil supplementation Carlson,S.E.;Werkman,S.H.;Rhodes,P.G.;Tolley,E.A.
  21. Pediatr Res v.34 Erythrocyte docosahexaenoic acid correlates with the visual response of healthy, term infants Makrides,M.;Simmer,K.;Goggin,M.;Gibson,R.A.
  22. Pediatr Res v.37 Visual acuity, RBC fatty acids and growth in term infants fed formulas with and without long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids(LCP) Austed,N.;Montatlto,M.B.;Wheeler,R.E.;Fitzgeral,K.R.;Hall,R.T.;Neuringer,M.;Conner,W.E;.Hartmann,E.E.;Taylor,J.A.
  23. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci v.36 Longitudinal behavioral measures of visual acuity in full-term infants fed different dietary fatty acids Hartmann,E.E.;Neuringer,M.
  24. Can J Biochem Physiol v.37 A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification Bligh,E.G.;Dyer,W.J.
  25. J Lipid Res v.5 Precipitation fatty acid methylesters and dimethlyacetals from lipids with boron fluoridemethanol Morrison,W.R.;Simth,L.M.
  26. Method in Enzymology v.105 Vitamin E analysis methods for animal tissue Desai,I.D.
  27. J Nutr v.98 A simplified hemolysis test for vitamin E deficiency Drapper,H.H.;Csallany,A.S.
  28. 한국 소아신체발육표준치 대한소아과협회
  29. Am J Clin Nutr v.32 Physical growth : National Center for Health Statistics percentiles Hamill,P.V.;Johnson,C.L.;Roche,A.F.
  30. 한국영양학회지 v.27 모유영양아와 인공영양아의 지질대사 임현숙;허영란
  31. J Am Colledge of Nutr v.13 Effects of Diet on the lipid and fatty acid status of full-term infants at 4 months Carlo,A.;Enrica,R.;Roberto,B.;Sabina,T.;Diego,L.;Marcello,G.
  32. Pediatrics v.120 Human milk and formula fatty acids Sheila,M.
  33. Am J Clin Nutr v.61 Changes in the polyunsaturated fatty acids of breast milk from mothers of full-term infants over 30 wk of lactation Makrides,M.;Karen Simmer;Mark Neumann;Rober Gibson
  34. Am J Obst Gynecol v.154 Influence of breastfeeding on the restoration of the low serum concentration of vitamin E and β-carotene in the new born infant Ostrea,E.M.;Balun,J.E.;Ruthwinkler,B.S.
  35. J Lipid Res v.31 Dietary effects on brain fatty acid composition the reversibility of n-3 fatty acid deficiency and turnover of docosahexaenoic acid in the brain, erythrocytes and plasma of rhesus monkeys Connor,W.E.;Neuringer,M.;Lin,D.S.
  36. Am J Clin Nutr v.51 Effect of a vegetable oil formula rich in linoleic acid in tissue fatty acid accretion in the brain, liver, plasma and erythrocytes of infant piglets Hrboticky,N.;Machinnon,M.J.;Innis,S.M.
  37. J Pediatr v.125 The role of n-3 fatty acids in visual and cognitive development : Current evidence and methods of assessment Neuringer,M.;Reisbick,S.;Janowsky,J.
  38. Acta Paediatr v.84 Growth, fatty acid composition of plasma lipid classes and plasma retinol and α-tocopherol concentrations in full-term infants fed formula enriched with w-6 and w-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids Desci,T.;Koletzko,B.
  39. Lipids v.27 Effect of fish oil on the fatty acid composition of human milk and maternal and infant erythrocytes Henderson,R.A.;Jensen,R.G.;Lammi-keefe,C.J.;Ferris,A.M.;Dardick,K.R.
  40. J Pediatr v.30 Breast-feeding and optiomal visual development Birch,E.;Biech,D.;Hoffman,D.;Hale,L.;Everett,M.;Uauy,R.
  41. Essential fatty acids and eicosanoids 3rd Internation Congress on Essential Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids Clinical and epidemiological studies with α-linolenic acid long-chain w-3 fatty acids Bjerve,K.S.;Bredde,O.L.;Bonaa,K.;Johonson,H.;Vagtten,L.;Vik,T.;Sinclair,F.J.(ed.);Gibson,R.A.(ed.)