Abstract
Carotenoids in integument of wild manchurian trout, Brachymystax lenok, and wild and cultured masu salmon Oncohynchus macrostomus, which are all the Korean native cold fresh water fish, were investigated by thin layer chromatography, column chromatography and HPLC. The total carotenoid contents of the wild manchurian trout were $3.72\;mg\%$ which is relatively higher compare to other species of salmonidae. The carotenoids were composed of $36.9\%$ zeaxanthin and $14.7\%$ $\beta-carotene$ as the major compounds, $7.8\%$ triol $7.3\%$ isocryptoxanthin, $5.7\%$ 4-hydroxy echinenone, $4.7\%$ lutein, $4.5\%$ salmoxanthin and $2.2\%$ astaxanthin as minor compounds, and other carotenoids such as canthaxanthin, tunaxanthin A, tunaxanthin B, tunaxanthin C, $\beta-cryptoxanthin$ and $\alpha-cryptoxanthin$ as minute carotenoids. Wild masu salmon contained more total carotenoids than cultured one and the contents were $0.82\;mg\%$ and $0.66\;mg\%$, respectively. The composition of the carotenoids from wild masu salmon were $20.7\%$ xeaxanthin, $17.0\%$ isocryptoxanthin and $15.8\%\;\beta-carotene$ as major compounds, and $6.2\%$ triol, $6.1\%$ 4-hydroxy echinenone, $6.1\%$ salmoxanthin, $5.9\%$ canthaxanthin, $5.8\%$ lutein, $4.9\%$ $\alpha-cryptoxanthin$ and $1.0\%$ astaxanthin as minor compounds. The composition of the carotenoids from cultured masu salmon were $19.7\%$ isocryptoxanthin, $18.0\%$ $\beta-carotene$ and $10.3\%$ zeaxanthin as the major compounds, and $8.9\%\;\beta-cryptoxanthin$, $8.5\%\;\alpha-cryptoxanthin$, $8.0\%$ lutein, $7.6\%$ canthaxanthin, $5.1\%$ triol and $2.0\%$ astaxanthin as minor carotenoids. Based on these data, wild masu salmon contained more zeaxanthin, salmoxanthin and 4-hydroxy echinenone while cultured masu salmon contained more $\alpha-cryptoxanthin$, indicating that carotenoid pigment of masu salmon depends on their living conditions. Unlike wild masu salmon, 4-hydroxy echinenone and salmoxanthin which are the characteristic carotenoids of salmons, were not found in the integument of cultured masu salmon. Unlike manchurian trout, both wild and cultured masu salmon did not contain tunaxanthin A, tunaxanthin B and tunaxanthin C.
담수산 어류에 관한 비교 생화학적 연구의 일환으로서, 우리나라 특산의 냉수성 담수 어류인 천연산 열목어와 천연산 및 양식산 산천어의 표피 carotenoids를 TLC, column chromatography 및 HPLC로 분리하고 $NaBH_4$에 의한 환원반응, $I_2$에 의한 이성화반응 및 uv-visible spect-rophotometer로 동정하여 비교, 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 열목어 표피의 총 carotenoids 함량은 천연산이 $3.72\;mg\%$으로서 연어과의 다른 어종에 비해 함량이 높았으며 carotenoids 조성은 zeaxanthin $36.9\%$, $\beta-carotene\;14.7\%$로서 주성분을 이루고, 그 외 triol $7.8\%$, isocryptoxan-thin $7.3\%$, 4-hydroxy echinenone $5.7\%$, lutein $4.7\%$, salmoxanthin $4.5\%$ 및 astaxathin $2.2\%$의 순으로 나타났으며, canthaxanthin, tunaxanthin A, tunaxanthin B, tunaxanthin C, $\beta-cryptoxanthin$ 및 $\alpha-cryptoxanthin$이 미량성분으로 함유되어있다. 산천어 표피의 총 carotenoids 함량은 천연산 $0.82\;mg\%$인데 비하여 양식산은 $0.66\;mg\%$ 로서 천연산이 양식산에 비해 함량이 높았다. carotenoid 조성은 천연산에서 zeaxanthin $20.7\%$, isocryptoxanthin $17.0\%\;\beta-carotene$이 $15.8\%$로서 주성분을 이루고, 그 외 $\beta-cryptoxanthin\;6.7\%$, triol $6.2\%$, 4-hydroxy echinenone $6.1\%$, salmoxanthin $6.1\%$, canthaxanthin $5.9\%$, Butein $5.8\%$, $\alpha-cryptoxanthin\;4.9\%$ 및 astaxanthin $1.0\%$의 순으로 함유하며, 양식 산에 는 isocryptoxanthin $19.7\%$, $\beta-carotene\;18.0\%$, Beaxanthin $10.3\%$이 주성분을 이루며, 그 외 $\beta-cryptoxanthin\;8.9\%$, $\alpha-cryptoxanthin\;8.5\%$, lutein $8.0\%$, canthaxanthin $7.6\%$, triol $5.1\%$ 및 astaxanthin $2.0\%$의 순으로 함유하였다. 한편 천연산 산천어에는 zeaxanthin, salmoxanrhin 및 4-hydroxy echinenone의 함량이 높은 반면 양식산 산천어에는 $\alpha$-cryptoxanthin의 함량이 높아 서로 다른 경향을 보여 상이하였다. 양식산 산천어에는 천연산 산천어와는 달리, 연어과 특유의 carotenoid인 4-hydroxy echinenone과 salmoxanthin이 검출되지 않았고 또한 천연산 및 양식산 산천어는 천연산 열목어와는 달리 tunaxanthin A, tunaxanthin B 및 tunaxanthin C가 존재하지 않았다.