Survival and Problems after Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot

Fallot 4징 교정수술후의 생존 및 문제점

  • 손세정 (이화여자대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 한재진 (이화여자대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 이영탁 (부천세종병원 흉부외과) ;
  • 김성호 (부천세종병원 소아과)
  • Published : 1999.03.01

Abstract

Background: The late results of repair of tetralogy of Fallot(TOF) are favorable in most patients. Some portion of the patients with tetralogy, however, require reoperation for residual lesions or result in late death. The outcome of patients after tetralogy repair performed during the past 13 years was studied, with an emphasis on postrepair survival and problems including reoperations. Material and Method: A retrospective review of clinical, echocardiographic and catheterization data was performed in 569 of 775 patients with TOF who underwent corrective repair between 1983 and 1995 at Sejong General Hospital, Buchon, Korea. Result: Of 28(4.9%) early deaths(defined as 30 days postrepair), 12 deaths(42.9%) were <1 year of age, with an operative mortality of 15.4%. The surviving 541 patients(age 2.8 months to 43.4 years, median 23 months) have been followed up from 1 month to 12.6 years(median 35 months) postoperatively. Most patients were in good functional class and had normal right ventricular(RV) function. Postrepair results were compared between the transatrial-transpulmonary approach and the conventional right ventriculotomy. The former technique provided a lesser incidence of significant pulmonary regurgitation(P<0.001) and alesser degree of RV dysfunction(P<0.05) compared with those in the latter. There were 10(1.8%) late deaths during the follow-up period and 6 of the deaths were directly related to reoperation or ventricular dysfunction. The 10-year actuarial survival rate was 96.7%. There were 44 reoperations(8.1%) in 39 patients(7.2%), with an operative mortality of 10.3%. The main indications or reoperation included residual ventricular septal defect(VSD) (n=6), pulmonary stenosis(PS) (n=11), VSD with PS(n=17), pulmonary regurgitation(n=7), and tricuspid regurgitation(n=2). The 5- and 10-year freedom from reoperation were 89.4% and 76.1%, respectively. Conclusion: Although the majority of patients with repaired TOF are clinically well, with a high rate of survival, approximately 7% of patients have residual lesions that require surgical therapy. Therefore, the timely and meticulous corrective repair is mandatory to avoid reoperation, and continued close surveillance is also needed for the early detection of residual problems.

배경: Fallot 4징 (TOF) 교정수술후의 장기 추적 결과는 대부분의 환자에서 양호한 편이지만 일부에서는 재수술이 필요하거나 또는 사망하는 경우도 있다. 지난 13년간의 TOF 교정수술에 대한 수술후의 생존 및 문제점과 이로 인한 재수술 등을 중심으로 수술후의 결과를 살펴보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1983년부터 1995년까지 부천세종병원에서 교정수술을 받은 775명의 TOF 환자들중 임상적 관찰이 가능했던 569명을 대상으로 임상기록과 여러가지 검사소견을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과: 대상환자 569명중 조기사망자 (수술후 1개월이내의 사망)는 28명 (4.9%)으로 그중 1세 이하는 12명 (42.9%)이었고 그들의 수술 사망률은 15.4%였다. 조기사망자를 제외한 541명 (2.8개월에서 43.4세, 중앙값 23개월)을 1개월에서 12.6년 (중앙값 35개월)동안 추적관찰을 하였다. 수술후 기능상태 및 우심실 기능은 대부분의 환자에서 양호하였다. 우심방-폐동맥을 통한 교정술과 우심실을 통한 교정술을 비교했을 때 의미있는 폐동맥 폐쇄부전 (P<0.001)과 우심실 기능부전의 빈도 (P<0.05)는 전자에서 더 낮았다. 10명 (1.8%)이 추적관찰중에 사망하였고 그중 6명의 사망은 재수술 또는 심실 기능부전과 직접적인 관련이 있었다. 10년 생존률은 96.7%였다. 재수술은 39명 (7.2%)에서 44회 (8.1%) 시행하였고, 재수술의 주요원인은 잔존 심실중격결손 (n=6), 폐동맥 협착 (n=11), 심실중격결손과 폐동맥 협착 (n=17), 폐동맥 폐쇄부전 (n=7) 및 삼첨판 폐쇄부전 (n=2)이었다. 재수술의 수술 사망률은 10.3%였고, 5년 및 10년 재수술이 없을 확률은 각각 89.4% 및 76.1%였다. 결론: TOF 교정수술후 대부분의 환자는 높은 생존률을 보이고 임상적으로도 양호한 편을 보이지만 약 7%의 환자에서는 재수술을 요하는 등의 문제를 가지고 있게 된다. 따라서, 적절한 수술시기를 결정하여 세심한 교정수술을 함으로써 가능한 한 재수술이 필요없도록 하고, 또한 유병률 및 장기 생존에 영향을 주는 교정수술후의 문제들을 조기발견하기 위해 지속적인 추적관찰이 필요하리라 생각된다.

Keywords

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