Vitellogenesis in Vertebrates and Environmental Estrogen

척추동물의 난황형성과 환경에스트로젠

  • 계명찬 (경기대학교 자연과학부 생물학과) ;
  • 한명수 (한양대학교 자연과학대학 생물학과)
  • Published : 2000.09.01

Abstract

Vitellogenesis, an important reproductive process in oviparous animals, includes the processes of hormonally regulated synthesis of yolk precursor protein, vitellogenin (Vg), and their deposition in ovarian oocytes as a vitellin which is an important energy source as well as buoyancy regulator of the egg. Vg genes consist of a gene family that encompasses a large number of lipoproteins and produce different Mr. Vg proteins in liver. The expression of Vg is largely dependent on the estrogen, and both reproductive cycle and temperature also influence Vg synthesis. Synthetic estrogens or estrogenic pollutants was sufficient to induce Vg in both sexes of oviparous vertebrates. Therefore, the estrogenic induction of vitellogenesis in male has been used for biological marker in the screening of estrogenicity of certain endocrine disrupting compounds and the monitoring the world-wide contamination of estrogenic compounds in wild life. In the studies on the biological hazard and influence of endocrine disrupting chemicals using the Vg induction in oviparous males, it is important to consider the reproductive cycle, zoogeography and biodiversity of the wild life animals in Korea.

난황형성(vitellogenesis)은 난생동물의 번식에서 매우 중요한 과정으로 간에서 난황전구물질(vitellogenin,Vg)의 생성과 단백질 수준에서 Vg의 변형과 난자내 축적 및 난황물질(vitellin)로의 전환을 포함한다. 난황은 경골어류의 배아의 영양물질 및 삼투압 조절을 통한 부유특성의 조절에 관여한다. 척추동물의 Vg유전자는 lipoprotein계열의 유전자로 복수의 Vg유전자가 존재하며 서로 다른 크기의 Vg단백질을 암호화한다. 에스트로젠에 의해 이들 단백질이 발현되는 정도에는 차이가 있다. 난생 척추 동물의 암컷에서 에스트로젠의 조절하에 생성되는 Vg은 천연 에스트로젠 및 합성에스트로젠에 의해 어류, 양서류, 파충류, 조류 등 다양한 척추동물의 수컷 체내에서도 형성되며 수온 및 생식주기에 의존적이다. 따라서 수컷에서 일어나는 난황전구물질의 생성은 환경오염물질 가운데 여성호르몬과 유사한 작용을 하는 물질의 규명과 위해성 여부를 판정할 수 있는 생물학적 지표로서 전세계적으로 이용되고 있다. 국내의 경우 Vg유도여부를 통한 야생생태계에서 환경호르몬 오염과 동물의 번식장애에 대한 연구에 있어서 번식주기, 동물의 지리적 분포와 생물다양성의 차이에 대한 고려가 중요하다.

Keywords

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