Estimation of Area Average Rainfall Amount and Its Error

면적평균강우량의 추정 및 추정오차

  • 유철상 (고려대학교 환경공학과) ;
  • 정광식 (고려대학교 대학원 환경공학과)
  • Published : 2001.08.01

Abstract

This study evaluates the errors involved in the area average rainfall amounts estimated by the arithmetic mean method, the Thiessen's weighting method, and the optimal weighting method from the estimation theory. This study was applied to the upstream part of Nam-Han river basin (upper part of Youngwal) and the following results could be obtained. First, in case the raingauges are located evenly over the basin, no obvious difference can be found in the area average rainfall amounts from the arithmetic mean method or from the Thiessen's weighting method. However, as these two methods cannot consider the spatial variability of rainfall, the estimation error could be higher when the spatial variability of rainfall is high. In our application the estimation error from the arithmetic mean method or the Thiessen's weighting method was also found to be higher than that from the method from the information theory, which considers the spatial variability of rainfall. Thus, we could conclude that for the rainy season of Korea or for the mountain area when and where the spatial variability of rainfall is high, a proper method of considering the spatial variability of rainfall should be used regardless of the basin size. The isohyetal method generally used for the large basins or the optimal weighting method from the estimation theory used in this study could be good alternatives for this case.

본 연구에서는 산술평균법, Thiessen의 가중평균법 및 추정이론에 근거한 최적가중치를 이용하는 방법으로 면적평균강우량을 계산하고 각각의 경우에 대해 오차를 평가해 보았다. 본 연구에서는 남한강 유역의 영월 상류지역을 대상으로 하여 수행하였으며 그 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 먼저 유역 내 강우계가 균등하게 분포되어 있는 경우 산술평균법이나 Thiessen의 가중평균법을 이용한 결과에는 큰 차이가 없다. 그러나 이들 두 방법은 강우의 공간적 변동성을 고려하지 못하는 이유로 특히 강우의 변동성이 큰 경우 면적평균강우의 추정에 큰 오차를 내포할 수 있다. 이러한 추정오차는 강우의 공간적 변동성을 고려하는 추정이론에 근거한 방법에 비해 매우 큰 값을 나타냄을 확인하였다. 따라서, 우리나라의 여름철 강우처럼 그 공간적 변동성이 큰 경우에 기존의 산술평균법이나 Thiessen의 가중평균법은 상당히 큰 추정오차를 내포할 수 있음을 파악할 수 있으며 따라서 이를 고려할 수 있는 방법, 예를 들어 현재 대유역에 적용되고 있는 등우선법이나 본 연구에서 사용된 추정이론에 근거한 방법이 적용되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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