Treatment Results in Anal Cancer : Non-operative Treatment Versus Operative Treatment

항문암의 치료성적 : 비수술적방법과 수술적방법의 결과 비교

  • Chie Eui Kyu (Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Ha Sung Whan (Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University) ;
  • Park Jae-Gahb (Department of General Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Bang Yung-Jue (Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Heo Dae Seog (Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim Noe Kyeong (Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine)
  • 지의규 (서울대학교 의과대학 치료방사선학교실) ;
  • 하성환 (서울대학교 의과대학 치료방사선학교실, 서울대학교 의학연구원 방사선의학연구소) ;
  • 박재갑 (서울대학교 의과대학 외과학교실) ;
  • 방영주 (서울대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 허대석 (서울대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김노경 (서울대학교 의과대학 내과학교실)
  • Published : 2002.03.01

Abstract

Purpose : This study was undertaken to analyze the efficacy and sphincter preservation rate of platinum based neoadjuvant chemotherapy Plus radiotherapy versus abdominoperineal resection and Postoperative radiotherapy for anal cancer. Materials and Methods : Data of forty-two patients with anal cancer were retrospectively analyzed. Among thirty-eight patients with epidermoid histology, four patients received radiotherapy, and nineteen patients received abdominoperineal resection and adjuvant radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy $(APR+RT{\pm}CT)$, and fifteen patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy (CRT). The CRT regimen was composed of three cycles of 5-fluorouracil $(1,000\;mg/m^2\;bolus\;on\;D1\~5)$ and cisplatin $(60\;mg/m^2\;bolus\;on\;D1)$ followed by 50.4 Gy to the tumor bed and regional lymphatics over 5.5 weeks. Both inguinal lymphatics were treated with an identical dose schedule. Residual disease was treated with an additional three cycles of identical adjuvant chemotherapy. An identical dose schedule was used for post-operative radiotherapy. Median follow-up period was eighty-five months. Results : Overall five-year survival rates were $80.3\%$, 88.9 and $79.4\%$ for entire patients, $APR+RT{\pm}CT$ group, and the CRT group, respectively. No significant difference was found between the two groups (p=0.49). Anus preservation rate for the CRT group was $86.7\%$. Age (0=0.0164) and performance status (p=0.0007) were found to be significant prognostic factors by univariate analysis. Age (p=0.0426), performance status (p=0.0008), and inguinal lymph node metastasis (e=0.0093) were statistically significant prognostic factors by multivariate analysis. No case of RTOG grade 3 complication or higher was reported. Conclusion : This and other recent studies have shown that combined chemotherapy plus radiotherapy for anal cancer results in a high rate of anal sphincter preservation as well as local control and survival. Furthermore, neoadjuvant use of chemotherapy with a cisplatin based regimen rather than a concurrent regimen may lead to a decrease in complications.

목적 : 항문암의 치료에 있어 고전적으로는 복회음부절제술이 주된 치료였으나 현재는 화학방사선병용요법이 주된 치료방법으로 정립되었다. 저자들은 서울대학교병원에서 항문암으로 치료 받은 환자의 임상적 특성을 조사하고, 치료방법에 따른 치료성적과 예후인자를 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1979년 8월부터 1990년 7월까지 서울대학교병원 치료방사선과에서 근치적 또는 수술 후 방사선 치료를 받은 42명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적으로 분석하였다. 표피양암종이 38명으로 방사선치료가 4명에서, 복회음부절제술 및 수술 후 방사선치료${\pm}$화학요법이 19명에서, 화학방사선요법이 15명에서 시행되었다. 화학방사선요법은 복합화학요법$(5-FU\;1,000\;mg/m^2\;D1\~5,\;cisplatin\;60\;mg/m^2\;D1)$을 3회 시행 후 원발병소 및 영역림프절에 50.4 Gy를 조사하였고, 양측 서혜림프절에도 동일양을 조사하였다. 잔존암이 있는 경우 복합화학요법을 3회 추가 실시하였다. 중앙추적기간은 85개월이었다. 결과 : 전체 항문암 환자의 5년 생존율은 $80.3\%$이었다. 치료방법에 따른 5년 생존율은 복회음부절제술 및 수술 후 방사선치료${\pm}$화학요법군, 화학방사선요법군에서 각각 $88.9\%,\;79.4\%$이었으며 두군간의 생존율의 차이의 통계적인 의미는 없었다(p=0.495). 화학방사선요법을 시행 받은 환자군에서의 항문보존율은 $86.7\%$였다. 예후인자 중 단변량분석에서는 연령(p=0.0164)과 수행능력(p=0.0007)이 유의성을 보였으며, 다변량분석에서는 연령(p=0.0426)과 수행능력(p=0.0068) 및 서혜림프절 전이여부(p=0.0093)가 통계학적으로 유의하였다. 결론 : 항문암의 치료에 있어서 화학방사선요법을 시행할 경우 기존에 알려진 바와 같이 복회음부절제술과 유사한 생존율을 보이며, 항문기능을 보존할 수 있는 치료 방법임을 확인할 수 있었다. 나아가 병행화학요법이 아닌 선행화학요법을 시행하여 수반되는 합병증을 줄일 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Beahrs OH. Management of cancer of anus. Am J Roentgenol 1979;133:790-795 https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.133.5.790
  2. Quan SHQ. Epidermoid carcinoma of the ano- rectum. NY State J Med 1977;77:2056-2057
  3. Pintor MP, Northover JM, Nicholls RJ. Squamous cellcarcinoma of the anus at one hospital from 1978 to 1984. Br J Surg 1989;76:806-810 https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800760814
  4. Salmon RJ, Fenton J, Asselain B, et al. Treatment of epidermoid anal canal cancer. Am J Surg 1984;147:43-48 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9610(84)90032-1
  5. Touboul E, Schlienger M, Buffat L, et al. Conservativeversus nonconservative treatment of epidermoid carcinoma of anal canal for tumors longer or equal to 5 centimeters: a retrospective comparison. Cancer 1995:75:786-793
  6. Nigro N, Vaitkevicius V, Considine B. Combined therapy for cancer of the anal canal : a preliminary report. Dis Colon Rectum 1974;15:354-356
  7. Bartelink H, Roelofsen F, Eschwege F, et al. Concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy is superior to radiotherapy alone in the treatment of locally advanced anal cancer : results of a phase III randomized trial of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Radiotherapy and Gastrointestinal Cooperative Groups. J Clin Oncol 1997:15:2040-2049
  8. UKCCCR Anal Cancer Trial Working Party. Epidermoidanal cancer: results from the UKCCCR randomised trial of radiotherapy alone versus radiotherapy, 5-fluorouracil, and mitomycin. Lancet 1996;348:1049-1054 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(96)03409-5
  9. American Joint Committee on Cancer. Anal canal. In Fleming ID, Coopper JS, Henson DE, et al. eds. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual 5th ed. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1997:91-96
  10. 정원규, 김수곤, 이창걸, 성진실, 김귀언. 항문암의 동시 화학방사선요법 치료결과. 대한치료방사선과학회지 1994;12:99-107
  11. 전성은, 박성길, 박윤규, 정을삼. 항문부 악성종양에 관한 임상적 고찰. 외고학회지 1996;50:276-284
  12. 최동락, 유창식, 김종훈, 최은경, 김진천. 항문암의 일차적 치료방식에 따른 결과분석. 대한대장항문학회지 1997;13:389-395
  13. 안병권, 박용래, 백승언. 항문암 33예. 대한대장항문학회지 1998;14:743-749
  14. 이봉화, 신희용, 우제홍, 이찬영. 항문암 22예 보고. 대한대장항문학회지 1988;4:79-86
  15. Schraut WH, Wang CC, Dawson PJ, Block GE. Depth of invasion, location and size of cancer of the anus dictateoperative treatment. Cancer 1983: 51:1291-
  16. Flam M, John M, Pajak TF, et al. Role of mitomycin in combination with fluorouracil and radiotherapy, and of salvagechemoradiation in the definitive nonsurgical treatment of epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal: results of a phase III randomized intergroup study. J Clin Oncol 1996;14:2527- 2539 https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1996.14.9.2527
  17. Martenson JA, Lipsitz SR, Wagner H Jr, et al. Initial results of a phase II trial of high dose radiation therapy, 5- fluorouracil, and cisplatin for patients with anal cancer(E4292) : an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study. Int J Radiat Oncol Bioi Phys 1996:35:745-749 https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(96)00146-0
  18. Svensson C, Goldman S, Friberg B, Glimelius B. Induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy in loco-regionally advanced epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal. Int J Radiat Oncol Bioi Phys 1998;41:863-867 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-3016(98)00122-9
  19. Gerard JP, Ayzac L, Hun D, et al. Treatment of anal canal carcinoma with high dose radiation therapy and concomitant fluorouracil-cisplatinum. Long-term results in 95 patients. Radiother Oncol 1998;46:249-256 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8140(97)00192-8