Scoring of Norms of the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) in Normal Children

정상 발달 어린이의 월령에 따른 대동작 기능 평가

Sung, In-Young;Cho, Seung-Chan;Lee, Nam-Hyun
성인영;조성찬;이남현

  • Published : 20020800

Abstract

Objective: We performed to obtain the normal values of Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) in normally developed children. We designed this study to inform the degree of gross motor functional disability or delay in children with cerebral palsy, comparing with score values of GMFM in normal children. Method: One hundred-sixteen normally developed children who were in the age of 12 to 47 months were recruited. Their GMFM tests were performed by a pediatric physical therapist. They were grouped by age of 6 months and the scores were compared with all of each groups. Results: The GMFM scores in normal children increased with ages. The rates of increment in scores were fast till 35 months of age and inter-individual differences of GMFM scores were greater in younger age groups (less than 36 months of age) than older groups. Even the means of GMFM scores were higher in the girls than boys, the differences between sexes were insignificant statistically. Conclusion: Norms of GMFM obtained in normally developed children who were in the age of 12 to 47 months. It would be helpful to assess the degree of motor functional disabilities or delay in children with physical disabilities.

Keywords

References

  1. 조영진, 김세주: 뇌성마비의 운동발달 연령에 관한 연구. 대한재활의학회지 1991; 15: 334-341
  2. Capute AJ, Shapiro BK: The motor quotient: A method for the early detection of motor delay. Am J Dis Child 1985; 139: 940-942 https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1985.02140110094038
  3. Dobbing J, Sands J: Quantitative growth and development of human brain. Arch Dis Childhood 1973; 48: 757-767 https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.48.10.757
  4. Evans P, Johnson A, Mutch L, Alberrman E: A standard form for recording clinical findings in children with a motor defect of central origin. Dev Med Child Neurol 1989; 31: 119-127
  5. Frankenburg WK, Dodds JB: The Denver Developmental Screening Test. J Pediatr 1967; 71: 181-191 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(67)80070-2
  6. Huttenlocher PR: Synapse elimination and plasticity in developing human cerebral cortex. Am J Ment Def 1984; 88: 488-496
  7. Ingram A, Witheres E, Speltz E: Role of intensive physical and occupational therapy in the treatment of cerebral palsy: Testing and results. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1959; 40: 429-438
  8. Johnsom MK, Zuck FN, Wingate K: The motor age test: Measurement of motor handicap in children with neuromuscular disorders such as cerebral palsy. J Bone Joint Surg 1951; 33: 698-707 https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-195133030-00016
  9. Palisano RJ, Rosenbaum PL, Walter SD, Russell DJ, Wood E, Galuppi B: Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 1997; 39: 214-223 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07414.x
  10. Palisano RJ, Walter SD, Russel DJ, Rosenbaum PL: Gross motor function of children with Down syndrome: creation of motor growth curves. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001; 82: 494-500 https://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2001.21956
  11. Parker DF, Carriere L, Hebestreit H, Salsber A, Bar-Or O: Muscle performance and gross motor function of children with spastic cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 1993; 35: 17-23 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1993.tb11547.x
  12. Rosenbaum PL, Russell DJ, Cadman DT, Gowland C, Jarvis S, Hardy S: Issues in measuring change in motor function in children with cerebral palsy: a special communication. Phys Ther 1990; 70: 125-131 https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/70.2.125
  13. Russell DJ, Rosenbaum PL, Cadman DT, Gowland C, Hardy S, Jarvis S: The Gross Motor Function measure: a means to evaluate the effects of physical therapy. Dev Med Child Neurol 1989; 31: 341-352 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1989.tb04003.x
  14. Russell DJ, Palisano RJ, Walter SD, Rosenbaum PL, Gemus M: Evaluating motor function in children with Down syndrome: validity of the GMFM. Dev Med Child Neurol 1998;40: 693-701 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1998.tb12330.x
  15. Russell DJ, Avery LM, Rosenbaum PL, Raina PS, Walter SD: Improved scaling of the gross motor function measure for children with cerebral palsy: evidence of reliability and validity. Phys Ther 2000; 80: 873-885
  16. Theresa AH, Janet ES: Developmental assessment: A test for gross motor and reflex development. Phys Ther 1973; 53: 117-126
  17. Wilson MA: Use of a developmental inventory as a chart of progress. Phys Ther 1969; 49: 19-32