Korean Public Administration Review (한국행정학보)

The Korean Association for Public Administration (한국행정학회)
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An Empirical Analysis of the Productivity Change of Korean Water Supply Services after the Financial Crisis

외환위기 이후 지방상수도사업의 생산성 변화 분석

Yu, Keum-Rok
유금록

  • Published : 20020000
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Abstract

This study measured total factor productivity change and its components, which are composed of technical efficiency change, technological change, pure technical efficiency change and scale efficiency change, of the eighty nine local public enterprises of Korean water supply services. Using the nonparametric Malmquist productivity index approach to analyze panel data from 1997 through 2000, the study suggests policy implications for enhancing the productivity of Korean water supply services and establishing performance evaluation systems for the efficient management of local water supply services. The empirical results showed an annual productivity increase of 5.9%, a technical efficiency decrease of 0.2%, and a technological progress of 6.1% between 1997 and 2000. While pure technical efficiency increased at an annual rate of 0.4%, scale efficiency declined by 0.6%. This indicates that although the pure technical efficiency of water supply services after the financial crisis improved a little, productivity growth was due mostly to technological progress and that water supply services failed to take advantage of the technological gain by not operating on an optimal scale. However, scale effects had a negative but negligible impact on productivity over the period, indicating that changes in economies of scale were minimal. Policy implications of these results are that local public enterprises of water supply services need to pay particular attention to enhancing both scale and technical efficiencies as well as endeavor to make persistent technological innovations. Moreover, the Malmquist index of productivity change can contribute to the establishment of detailed strategies for the better management of water supply services by providing concrete management information such as total factor productivity change and its components, as well as overcome the limitations of existing ratio-based management evaluation methods.

본 연구는 우리나라 지방상수도사업의 생산성을 높이고 합리적인 경영평가체계를 확립하기 위해 89개 지방상수도공기업의 1997년부터 2000년까지의 패널자료를 대상으로 비모수적(nonparametric) Malmquist 생산성지수를 사용하여 총요소생산성 변화와 그 구성요소인 기술적 효율성 변화, 기술변화, 기술적 순효율성 변화 및 규모효율성 변화를 측정하고 정책적 시사점을 제시했다. 본 연구의 분석결과에 의하면 생산성은 평균 5.9% 증가하고, 기술적 효율성은 0.2% 감소했으며, 기술은 6.1% 진보한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 기술적 순효율성은 0.4% 증가한 반면 규모효율성은 0.6% 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 외환위기 이후 상수도사업의 기술적 순효율성이 약간 개선되고 있지만 생산성이 주로 기술진보에 의해 증가되고 있으며, 규모의 비효율성이 약간 존재하고 있다는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구의 정책적 시사점으로는 지방상수도공기업은 지속적인 기술혁신을 추구하는 한편 규모효율성과 기술적 순효율성을 개선하는데 더 많은 노력을 경주할 필요가 있으며, Malmquist생산성지수는 비율분석 중심의 현행 지방상수도공기업에 대한 경영평가의 한계를 극복할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 총요소생산성 변화와 그 구성요소에 관한 구체적인 경영정보를 제공함으로써 지방상수도공기업의 경영개선을 위한 구체적인 전략을 강구하는 데 기여할 수 있다는 점이다.

Keywords

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