Abstract
Objectives: In this study we performed an analysis of the stress associated with the working conditions of 6,764 workers based on ‘A survey of healthy condition of workers on 1999’by the Korean Occupational Safety & Health Agency. The Purpose of this study was to provide basic data for health education and management for industrial workers’health promotion. Methods: Collected data were analyzed using the t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis, using the SPSS 10.0 program. Results: When the degrees of stress were analyzed according to demographic characteristics, females were found to have higher levels of stress than males (p$\prec$0.001). Furthermore, as age was lowered and as the work space became larger, the degrees of a stress were also found to be higher (p$\prec$0.001 and p<0.01, respectively). When the degrees of stress were analyzed according to working conditions, longer working hours (p$\prec$0.001) and reduced break times (p$\prec$0.05), gave rise to higher degrees of stress. Also, as the work space was reduced in size and as the work intensity was augmented, the degrees of a stress were made higher (p$\prec$0.01). In terms of physical working conditions, humidity and a lack of sense of security resulted in higher degrees of stress (p$\prec$0.01). When the workers sense that their environment is noisy or dusty has poor lighting or ventilation or that the rest room and cafeteria facilities are inadequate, the degrees of stress are found to be higher. As regards the social environment, when the workers sensed that the degree of job demand or job control was higher or that the degree of social support was lower, the degrees of stress were increased (p$\prec$0.001). Among those factors which influenced physical stress in the stepwise multiple regression analysis, the primary factor was found to be the safety of the working place (5.1 %). Other factors which influenced physical stress were degree of job demand, age, work intensity, humidity, sexual discrimination, length of working hours, size of work space and the existence or not of a regular break time in this order. Total R2 due to these factors was 12%. Among those factors which influenced mental stress in the stepwise multiple regression analysis, the primary factor was the degree of job demand (4.8 %). Other factors which influenced mental stress were humidity, age, sexual discrimination, the degree of a job control, safety of the working place, degree of social support, a working site, size of the work space, quality of lighting, the existence or not of a regular break time and length of working hours in this order. Total R2 due to these factors was 13.1 %. Conclusions: The above results shows that working conditions are strongly related to stress. Furthermore, when both physical and social working conditions are continuously managed and improved, workers may not only reduce their levels of stress but also maximize their working efficiency.
목적 : 한국산업안전공단의 '1999년 근로자건강실태조사'를 분석의 기초자료로 하였으며, 연구대상인 전국의 근로자 6,764명을 대상으로, 신체적 스트레스, 정신적 스트레스와 일반적 특성, 작업조건과의 관련성을 분석하였다. 방법 : 표본으로 추출된 근로자들에게 구조화된 설문지를 통하여 1:1 면접조사를 시행하였으며, 자료는 SPSS 10.0을 이용하여 통계 처리하였다. 결과 : 1. 일반적 특성에 따른 스트레스 수준은 여성이 남성보다 높은 수준을 보여주었으며(p<0.001), 연령이 낮을수록(p<0.001), 규모는 클수록 그 수준이 높았다(p<0.01). 2. 근로조건에 따른 스트레스 수준은 작업시간이 많을수록(p<0.001), 휴식시간이 없을 때(p<0.05) 그 수준이 증가하였고, 작업공간이 좁고 작업밀도가 강할 때 스트레스가 높았다(p<0.001). 물리적 작업 환경에서는 습도와 작업장안전에서 문제가 있다고 느낄 때 스트레스가 높았으며(p<0.01), 소음이 문제가 있고(p<0.01), 분진 및 환기와 휴식공간과 식당, 채광조명에 문제가 있을 때 스트레스 수준이 높았다(p<0.05). 사회적 작업환경에서는 직무요구도와 직무통제성이 높고, 사회적지지가 낮을 때 스트레스 수준이 증가하였고, 이는 통계학적으로 유의하였다(p<0.001). 3. 다단계 중회귀분석을 통한 신체적 스트레스에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석한 결과 작업장 안전이 5.1%로 가장 높은 설명력을 보여주었고, 다음으로 직무요구도, 연령, 작업밀도, 습도, 성별, 작업시간, 규모, 공식적인 휴식시간 유무의 순으로 선정되었는데 이들 요인에 의한 전체 설명력은 12 %였다. 또한 정신적 스트레스에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석한 결과 직무 요구도가 4.8 %로 가장 높은 설명력을 보여주었고 다음으로 습도, 연령, 성별, 직무 통제성, 작업장 안전, 사회적지지, 작업공간, 규모, 채광조건, 공식적인 휴식시간 유무, 작업시간의 순으로 선정되었는데 이들 요인에 의한 전체 설명력은 13.3 %였다. 결론 : 근로자의 작업환경이 스트레스와 관련성이 높은 것을 알 수 있다. 근무조건, 물리적 작업환경, 사회적 작업환경을 꾸준히 관리하고 개선할 때, 근로자의 스트레스가 감소할 것이고, 작업능률을 극대화 할 수 있을 것이다.