A Study on Indoor Radon Concentrations in Urban Area

도시 일부지역에서의 실내 라돈농도에 관한 연구

  • 김순애 (서울대학교 보건대학원 환경보건학과) ;
  • 백남원 (서울대학교 보건대학원 환경보건학과)
  • Published : 2002.06.01

Abstract

This study was taken in general hospital, hotel, shopping center, underground cafe, school, house, for the purpose of investigating the distribution of indoor radon concentration in urban area, by E-PERM which approved U.S. EPA, between August and November 1999. There are two sampling Places were exceed 148 ㏃/㎥(4 pCi/L; U.S EPA remedial level), difference mean is 24.0㏃/㎥ when compared with underground vs. aboveground indoor radon concentration in the same building and ratio is 1.6, so underground area is higher than aboveground (p<0.05). Influencing factors were examined. They related to the location of sampler(detector) open or near the door is lower radon concentration than inside portion, which explains probably open area has better ventilated air and dilutes indoor radon concentration. Temperature has a negative relationship (p<0.05) with indoor radon concentration and relative humidity has a positive (p<0.05) Simultaneously to investigate water radon concentration, collected piped-water and the results were very low, which is the same in piped-water concentration other countries. In conclusion, underground indoor radon concentration is higher than aboveground. Concentration was related to sampling spot, open portion is lower than inside. Higher the temperature, lower the indoor radon concentrations. On the other hand higher the relative humidity, higher the indoor radon concentrations. Indoor radon concentration is influenced by sampling point, temperature, relative humidity.

Keywords

References

  1. U.S EPA(Environment Protection Agency) : A Citizen's Guide to Radon. EPA, ANR-464,4022-K-92-001, 1992a
  2. ICRP : Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 60. Annals of ICRP 21(13), 1991
  3. U.K. NRPB : Radon. At a Glance Series, 1990
  4. NCRP(l988) : Health risks of radon and other internally deposited alpha-emitters
  5. UNSCEAR : Sources, effects and risks of Ionizing radiation. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. 1988 Report to the General Assembly, United Nations, New York, 1988
  6. U.S. National Research Council Report. BEIR IV, National Academy Press, Washington D.C.28. Andrew, M.P. and David, P.R. Environmental Medicine. National Academy Press, 1995
  7. IARC. Evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans : Man-made fibers and radon. IARC monograph, vol. 43. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon ; 1988
  8. Cohen B.L. ; A National survey of radon in homes and correlating factors. Health physics, 52 : 1986
  9. 지하철 역사 라돈 관련 전문가 회의 결과. 환경보전, 1998. 8
  10. 홍영국, 김승오, 김통권 : 서울 지하철역 승강장 및 토양내 유해 라돈 함량 연구. 자원환경, 31(3) : 215-222 ; 1998
  11. U.S. DOE. Office of Health and Environmental Research : Radon program research. FY . Washington D.C. 1992
  12. Kotrappa,P.and Stieff L.R, : Elevation correction factors for E- PERM radon monitors. Health physics, 62 : 82-86 ; 1992 https://doi.org/10.1097/00004032-199201000-00011
  13. Kotrappa, P. Dempsey, J.C. Steiff, L.R. : An electret passive environmental $^{222}Rn$ monitor based on ionization measurement. Health physics. 54 : 47-56 ; 1988 https://doi.org/10.1097/00004032-198801000-00002
  14. Zuo-Yuan, W. Jay, HL. Long-De, W. Susan, C. Shou-zhi, Z. Ruth, K. Bing, S. Shan-Xiang, G. Ping-Ying, G.Su-Wen, L. John, D, B. : Radon measurements in underground dwellings from two prefectures in China. Health Physics. 70(2) : 192-198, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1097/00004032-199602000-00006
  15. 김윤신 : 서울시 일부 지역에서의 실내 라돈농도에 관한 연구. 한국환경위생학회지. 15(1) : 11-18 ; 1989
  16. 이종대 : 국내 라돈 농도의 분포조사와 년간 피폭선량 예측에 관한 연구. 한양대학교 환경대학원 석사학위 논문, 1998
  17. 지하 생활 공간 공기오염 저감방안 연구. 서울특별시, 1997
  18. 서울시 지하철 환경개선 방안 연구. 서울 특별시 지하철 공사, 1998
  19. Kotrappa, P. and Jester W.A. : Electret ion chamber radon monitors measure dissolved $^{222}Rn$ in water. Health physics, 64 : 397-405, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1097/00004032-199304000-00007
  20. Hopke.P.K. : Radon and decay products ; occurrence, properties, and health effects. Univ. of IIinois, 1992
  21. 홍영국 : 대전시 지역 라돈 환경 지화학 연구. 자원환경, 30(1) : 51-60, 1997
  22. Leslie G.B. and Lunau F.W. : Indoor air pollution : Problems and priorities. Cambridge Univ, 1992
  23. 주승환, 제원목 : 라돈 방사능과 생활환경, 계축문화사, 서울(1995)
  24. 김윤신 : 원전 주변 주택의 실내 라돈 농도에 관한 연구, 대한 보건협회. 17(2) : 60-66, 1991
  25. 제현국, 강치구, 전효택 : 서울대학교 관악 캠퍼스 지역에서의 실내라돈농도 분포. 자원환경.31(5) : 425-430, 1998
  26. Goran P. : Residential radon exposure and lung cancer in Sweden. The New England of Medicine, 330(30) : 695-700, 1994
  27. Pirjo A.K. Helmi M.K. Pentti J.K. : Radon prevalence associated with different methods of ventilation and types of foundation construction at workplaces. AIAH Journal, 58 : 366-369, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1080/15428119791012739
  28. Borak, T.B. Woodruff, B. Toohey, R.E. : A survey of winter, summer and annual average $^{222}Rn$ concentrations in family dwellings. Health physics, 57 : 465-470, 1989
  29. Warner, K.E. : Toward a more realistic appraisal of the lung cancer risk from radon : the effects of residential mobility. Am J of Public Health, 86(9), 1996
  30. Mendez D. : Effects of radon mitigation vs. smoking cessation in reducing radon-related risk of lung cancer. Am J of Public Health, 88(5), 1998