DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Studies of Resistance of Pepper to Phytophthora Blight and Its Control

고추역병 저항성과 방제에 대한 연구

  • 황병국 (고려대학교 생명환경과학대학 식물병분자생물학실험실)
  • Published : 2002.12.01

Abstract

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn, S. J. and Hwang, B. K. 1992. Isolation of antibiotic-producing actinomycetes antagonistic to Phytophthora capsici from pepper-growing soils. Korean J. Mycol. 20: 259-268
  2. Barksdale, T. H., Papavizas, G. S. and Johnston, S. A. 1984. Resistance to foliar blight and crown rot of pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici. Plant Dis. 68: 506-509 https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-69-506
  3. Boller, T. 1985. Induction of hydrolases as a defense reaction against pathogens, In: Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plant Stress. ed. by J. L. Key and T. Kosuge, Alan R. Liss, New York, PP. 247-262
  4. Boller, T. 1987. Hydrolytic enzymes in Plant Disease resistance. In: Plant-Microbe Interactions, Molecular and Genetics Perspectives, Vol. 2. ed. by T. Kosuge and E. W. Nester, Macmillan, New York, PP. 385-413
  5. Bowers, J. H. and Mitchell, D. J. 1991. Relationship between inoculum level of Phytophthora capsici and mortality of pepper. Phytopathology 81: 178-184 https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-81-178
  6. Caruso, F. L. and Ku$\'{c}$, J. 1977. Field protection of cucumber, watermelon, and muskmelon against Colletotrichum lagenarium. Phytopathology 67:1290-1292
  7. Cohen, Y. and Coffey, M. D. 1986. Systemic fungicides and the control of Oomycetes. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 24: 311-338 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.24.090186.001523
  8. Cohen, Y., Reuveni, M. and Eyal, H. 1979. The systemic antifungal activity of Ridomil against Phytophthora infestans on tomato plants. Phytopathology 69: 645-649 https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-69-645
  9. Davidse, L. C., Henken, J., Van Dalen, A., Jespers, A. B. K. and Mantel, B. C. 1989. Nine years of practical experience with phenylamide resistance in Phytophthroa infestans in the Netherlands. Neth. J. Pl. Path. 95 (supplement) 1:197-213 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01974299
  10. Ham, J. H., Hwang, B. K., Kim, Y. J. and Kim, C. H. 1991a. Differential sensitivity to metalaxyl of isolates of Phytophthora capsici from different geographic areas. Korean J. Plant Pathol. 7(4): 212-220
  11. Ham, J. H., Kim, Y. J. and Hwang, B. K. 1991b. Induction of resistance to metalaxyl of Phytophthora capsici by chemical mutagenesis. Korean J. Plant Pathol. 7(3): 133-139
  12. Hong, J. K., Jung, H. W., Kim, Y. J. and Hwang, B. K. 2000. Pepper gene encoding a basic class II chitinase is inducible by pathogen and ethephon. Plant Sci. 2000: 39-49
  13. Hwang, B, K., Kim, W. B. and Kim, W. K. 1989. Ultrastructure at the host-parasite interface of Phytophthora capsici in roots and stems of Capsicum annuum. J. Phytopathology 127: 305-315 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1989.tb01143.x
  14. Hwang, B. K, Kim, E. S. and Kim, Y. J. 1993. Screening of pepper genotypes resistant to Phytophthora capsici and pathogenesis-related proteins in infected pepper plants. RDA. J. Agri. Sci. (Agri.Inst. Cooperation). 35: 251-260
  15. Hwang, B. K. 1995. Effects of age-related resistance and metalaxyl on capsidiol production in pepper plants infected with Phytophthora capsici. In: Handbook of phytoalexin Metabolism and Action. ed. by M. Daniel and R. P. Purkayastha. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. pp. 503-523
  16. Hwang, B. K. and Heitefuss, R. 1982. Induced resistance of spring barley to Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei. Phytopathol. Z. 103: 41-47 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1982.tb00509.x
  17. Hwang, B. K., Ahn, S. J. and Moon, S. S. 1994. Production, purification, and antifungal activity of the antibiotic nucleoside, tubercidin, Produced by Streptomyces violaceoniger. Can. J. Bot. 72: 480-485 https://doi.org/10.1139/b94-064
  18. Hwang, B. K. and Kim, C. H. 1995. Phytophthora blight of pepper and its control in Korea. Plant Disease 79: 221-227 https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-79-0221
  19. Hwang, B. K. and Kim, E. S. 1992. Protection of pepper plants against Phytophthora blight by an avirulent isolate of Phytophthora capsici. Korean J. Plant Pathol. 8(1): 1-7
  20. Hwang, B. K. and Kim, Y. J. 1990. Capsidiol production in pepper plants associated with age-related resistance to Phytophthora capsici. Korean J. Plant Pathol. 6(2): 193-200
  21. Hwang, B. K. and Sung, N. K. 1989. Effect of metalaxyl on capsidiol production in stems of pepper plants infected with Phytophthora capsici. Plant Disease 73: 748-751 https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-73-0748
  22. Hwang, B. K. and Yi, S. Y. 1993. Analysis of heterokaryons of Phytophthora capsici from protoplast fusion of drug-resistant mutants. Korean J. Plant Pathol. 9(2): 104-111
  23. Hwang, B. K., de Cock, A. W. A. M., Bahnweg, G., Prell, H. H. and Heitefuss, R. 1991. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of mitochondrial DNA among Phytophthora capsici isolates from pepper(Capsicum annuum). Systematic Appl. Microbiol. 14: 111-116 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0723-2020(11)80287-0
  24. Hwang, B. K., Ebrahim-Nesbat, F, Ibenthal, W. D. and Heitefuss, R. 1990. An ultrastructual study of the effect of metalaxyl on Phytophthora capsici infected stems of Capsicum annuum. Pesticide Science 29: 151-162 https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.2780290205
  25. Hwang, B. K., Kim, Y. J. and Kim, C. H. 1996. Differential interactions of Phytophthora capsici isolates with pepper genotypes at various plant growth stages. European J. Plant Pathol. 102: 311-316 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01878125
  26. Hwang, B. K., Lim, S. W., Kim, B. S., Lee, J. Y. and Moon, S. S. 2001. Isolation and in vivo and in vitro antifungal activity of phenylacetic acid and sodium phenylacetate from Streptomyces humidus. Appl Environ. Microbiol. 67: 3739-3745 https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.8.3739-3745.2001
  27. Hwang, B. K., Yoon, J. Y, Ibenthal, W. K. and Heitefuss, R. 1991. Soluble proteins, esterases and superoxide dismutase in stem tissue of pepper plants in relation to age-related resistance to Phytophthora capsici. J. Phytopatholosy 132: 1129-1138
  28. Hwnag, B. K., Sunwoo, J. Y, Kim, Y. J. and Kim, B. S. 1997. Accumulation of $\beta$-1,3-g1ucanase and chitinase isoform, and salicylic acid in the DL-$\beta$-amino-n-butylic acid-induced resistance response of pepper stems to Phytophthora capsici. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 51: 305-322 https://doi.org/10.1006/pmpp.1997.0119
  29. Jee, H. J., Nam, C. G. and Kim, C. H. 1988. Studies on biological control of Phytophthora blight of red-pepper. I. Isolation of antagonists and evaluation of antagonistic activity in vitro and in greenhouse. Korean J. Plant Pathol. 4: 305-312
  30. Jeun, Y. C. and Hwang, B. K. 1991. Carbohydrate, amino acid, phenolic and mineral nutrient contents of pepper plants in relation to age-related resistance to Phytophthora capsici. J. Phytopathology 131: 40-52 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1991.tb04569.x
  31. Jones, D. R., Graham, W. G. and Ward, E. W. B. 1974. Ultrastrural changes in pepper cells in a compatible interaction with Phytophthora capsici. Phytopathology 64: 1084-1090 https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-64-1084
  32. Jones, D. R., Unwin, C. H. and Ward, E. W. B. 1975. The significance of capsidiol induction in pepper fruit during anincompatible interaction with Phytophthora infestans. Phytopathology 65: 1286-1288 https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-65-1286
  33. Jung, H. W. and Hwang, B. K. 2000a. Pepper gene encoding a basic $\beta$-1,3-g1ucanase is differentially expressed in pepper tisues upon pathogen infection and ethephon or methyl jasmonate treatment, Plant Sci. 2000: 97-106
  34. Jung, H. W. and Hwang, B. K. 2000b. Isolation, partial seqencing, and expression of pathogenesis-related cDNA genes from pepper leaves infected by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 13: 136-142 https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI.2000.13.1.136
  35. 김병수, 김광용, 김상기, 성진근. 1995. 고추-수지맞는 기술과 유통전략. 농민신문사. 331p
  36. Kim, B. S. and Hwang, B. K. 1993. Production, Purification and antifungal activity of antibiotic substances produced byPseudomonas aeruginosa stain B 5. J. Microbiol Biotechnol.3: 12-18
  37. Kim, B. S., Moon, S. S. and Hwang, B. K. 1999. Isolation, antifungal activity, and structure elucidation of the glutarimide antibiotic, streptimidone, Produced by Micromonospora coerulea. J. Agricul. food Chem. 47: 3372-3380 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf981259s
  38. Kim, B. S., Moon, S. S. and Hwang, B. K. 1999. Isolation, structure elucidation and antifungal activity of a macrolide antibiotic, oligomycin A, produced by Streptomyces libani.Canadian J. Bot. 77: 1-9 https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-77-1-1
  39. Kim, B. S., Moon, S. S. and Hwang, B. K. 2000. Structure elucidation and antifungal activity of an anthracycline antibiotic, daunomycin, isolated from Actinomadura roseola. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48: 1875-1881 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990402u
  40. Kim, C. H. 1989. Phytophthora blight and other diseases of red pepper in Korea. Disease and pest problems from continuous copping. II. Soilborne diseases. FFTC Ext. Bull. 302: 10-17
  41. Kim, C. H., Cho, W. D. and Kim, S. C. 1982. An investigation of the control of red pepper fruit rot caused by Phytophthora capsici Leonian. Res. Rep. ORD(S.P.M.U.) 24: 46-50
  42. Kim, E. S. and Hwang, B. K. 1992. Virulence to Korean pepper cultivars of isolates of Phytophthora capsici from different geographic areas. Plant Disease 76: 486-489 https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-76-0486
  43. Kim, W. B. and Hwang, B. K. 1989. Histological changes in the roots and stems of pepper plants infected with Phytophthora capsici. Korean J. Plant Pathol. 5: 40-48
  44. Kim, Y. J. and Hwang, B. K. 1996. Purification, N-terminal amino acid sequencing and antifungal activity of chitinases from pepper stems treated with mercuric chloride. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 48: 417-432 https://doi.org/10.1006/pmpp.1996.0033
  45. Kim, Y. J. and Hwang, B. K. 1997. Isolation of a basic 34-kilodalton $\beta$-1,3-g1ucanase with inhibitory activity against Phytophthora capsici from pepper sterns. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 50: 103-115 https://doi.org/10.1006/pmpp.1996.0073
  46. Kim, Y. J. and Hwang, B. K. 2000. Pepper gene encoding a basic pathogenesis-related 1 protein is pathogen and ethylene inducible. Physiol. Plant. 108: 51-60 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2000.108001051x./
  47. Kim, Y J. and Hwang, B. K. 1994. Differential accumulation of $\beta$-1,3-g1ucanase and chitinase isoforms in pepper stems infected by compatible and incompatible isolates of Phytophthora capsici. Physiol. Molecular Plant Pathol. 45:195-209 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0885-5765(05)80077-3
  48. Kim, Y. J., Hwang, B. K. and Park, K. W. 1989. Expression of age-related resistance in pepper plants infected with Phytophthora capsici. Plant Disease 73: 745-747 https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-73-0745
  49. Kimble, K. A. and Grogan, R. G. 1960. Resistance to Phytophthora root rot in pepper. Plant Dis. Rep. 44: 872-873
  50. Kloepper, J. W., Schroth, M. N. and Miller, T. O. 1980. Effects of rhizosphere colonization by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on potato plant development and yield. Phytopathology 70:1078-1082 https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-70-1078
  51. Kong, H. Y., Lee, S. C. and Hwang, B. K. 2001. Expression of pepper cyclophilin gene is differentially regulated during the pathogen infection and abiotic stress conditions. Physiol. Molecular Plant Pathol. 59: 189-199 https://doi.org/10.1006/pmpp.2001.0356
  52. Layton, A. C. and Kuhn. D. N. 1988a. Heterokaryon formation by protoplast fusion of drug-resistant mutants in Phytophthora megasperma f.sp. gIycinea. Exp. Mycol. 12: 180-194 https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-5975(88)90007-2
  53. Layton, A. C. and Kuhn. D. N. 1988b. The virulence of interracial heterokaryons of Phytophthora megasperma f.sp. glycinea. Phytopathology 78: 961-966 https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-78-961
  54. Lee, S. C., Kim, Y. J. and Hwang, B. K. 2001. A pathogen-induced chitin-binding protein gene from pepper: its isolationand differential expression in pepper tissues treated with pathogens, ethephon, methyl jasmonate or wounding. Plant Cell Physiol. 42(12): 1321-1330 https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pce168
  55. Lee, E. J., Jee, H. T, Park, K. S. and Kim, C. H. 1990. Studies on biological control of Phytophthora blight of red-pepper. IV.Performance of antagonistic agents in field under polyethylene filmhouse. Korean J. Plant Pathol. 6: 58-64
  56. Lee, H. U., Kim, C. H. and Lee, E. J. 1990. Effect of pre- and mixed cropping with non-host plants on incidence of Phytophthora blight of red-pepper. Korean J. Plant Pathol. 6:440-446
  57. Lee, H. U., Kim, C. H. and Nam, K. W. 1991. Suppression of Phytophthora blight incidence of red pepper by cropping system. Korean J. Plant Pathol. 7: 140-146
  58. Lee, J. Y, Kim, B. S., Lim, S. W., Lee, B. K., Kim, C. H. and Hwang B. K. 1999. Field control of Phytophthora blight of pepper plants with antagonistic rhizobacteria and DL--amino-n-butyric acid. Plant Pathol. J. 15: 217-222
  59. Lee, J. Y. and Hwang, B. K. 2002. Diversity of antifungal actinomycetes in various vegetative soils of Korea. Can. J. Microbiol. 48: 407-417 https://doi.org/10.1139/w02-025
  60. Lee, S. C., Hong, J. K., Kim, Y. J. and Hwang, B. K. 2000a. Pepper gene encoding thionin is differentially induced by pathogens, ethylene and methyl jasmonate. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 56: 207-216 https://doi.org/10.1006/pmpp.2000.0269
  61. Lee, S. C., Lee, Y. Y, Kim, K. D. and Hwang, B. K. 2000b. In situ hybridization study of organ- and pathogen-dependent expression of a novel thionin gene in pepper (Capsicum annuum). Physiol. Plant. 110: 384-392 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2000.1100313.x
  62. Lee, Y. K., Hippe-Sanwald, S., Jung, H. W., Hong, J. K., Hause, B. and Hwang, B. K. 2000c. In situ localization of chidnase mRNAand proteins in compatible and incompatible interactions of pepper stems with Phytophthora capsici.Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 57: 111-121 https://doi.org/10.1006/pmpp.2000.0290
  63. Lee, Y. K., Hippe-Sanwald, S., Lee, S. C., Hohenberg, H. and Hwang, B. K. 2000d. In situ localization of PR-l mRNA and PR-l protein in compatible and incompatible interactions of pepper stems with Phytophthora capsici. Protoplasma 211: 64-75 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01279900
  64. Lee, Y. K., Hong, J. K., Hippe-Sanwald, S. and Hwang, B. K. 2000e. Histological and ultrastuructural comparisons of compatible, incompatible and DL-$\beta$-amino-n-butyric acid-induced resistance responses of pepper stems to Phytophthora capsici. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 57: 269-280 https://doi.org/10.1006/pmpp.2000.0302
  65. Long. M. and Keen, N. T. 1977. Evidence for heterokaryosis in Phytophthora megasperma var. sojae. Phytopathotogy 67:670-674
  66. Lucas, J. A., Greer, G., Oudemans, P. V. and Coffey, M. D. 1990. Fungicide sensitivity in somatic hybrids of Phytophthora capsici obtained by protoplast fusion. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 36: 175-187 https://doi.org/10.1016/0885-5765(90)90105-7
  67. Mauch, F. and Staehelin, L. A. 1989. Functional implications of the subcellular localization of ethylene-induced chitinase and $\beta$-1,3-g1ucanase in bean leaves. Plant Cell 1: 447-457 https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.1.4.447
  68. Mauch, F, Mauch-Mani, B. and Boller, T. 1988. Antifungalhydrolases in pea tissue, II. Inhibition of fungal growth by combinations of chitinase and $\beta$-1,3-g1ucanase. Plant Physiol. 88: 936-942 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.88.3.936
  69. Molot, P. M., Mas, P, Conus, M., Ferriers, H. and Ricci, P. 1981 Relations between capsidiol concentration, speed of fungal invasion and level of induced resistance in cultivars of pepper (Capsicum annuum) susceptible or resistant to Phytophthora capsici. Physiol. Plant Pathol. 18: 379-389 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-4059(81)80088-4
  70. Nasser, W., De Tapia, M. and Burkard, G. 1990. Maize pathogenesis-related proteins: characterization and cellular distribution of $\beta$-1,3-g1ucanase and chitinases induced by brom mosaic vims infection or mercuric chloride treatment Physiol. Molecular Plant Pathol. 36: 1-14 https://doi.org/10.1016/0885-5765(90)90087-E
  71. Oh, J. S. and Kim, C. H. 1992. Varying sensitivity to metalaxyl of Korean isolates of Phytophthora capsici from red pepper fields. Korean J. Plant Pathol. 8: 29-33
  72. 박경석 . 1994.고추역병균에 길항세균인 Pseudomonas cepacia 가 생산하는 항균물질의 분리 및 동정 . 충북대학교 대학원농학박사학위논문 97 p
  73. Pochard, E. and Daubeze, A. M. 1980. Rocherche et $\'e$valuationdescomposantes d'une resistance polygenique: la resistance du Piment $\'a$ Phytophthora capsici. Ann. Amelior. Plant. 30: 377 398
  74. Polach, F. J. and Webster, R. K. 1972. Identification of strains and inheritance of pathogenicity in Phytophthora capsici Phytopathology 62: 20-26 https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-62-20
  75. Reuveni, M., Eyal, H. and Cohen, Y. 1980. Development of resistance to metalaxyl in Pseudoperonospora cubensis. Plant Disease 64: 1108-1109 https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-64-1108
  76. Schlumbaum, A., Mauch, F., V$\ddot{o}$geli, U. and Boller, T. 1986. Plant chitinase are potent inhibitors of fungal growth.. Nature 324 365-367 https://doi.org/10.1038/324365a0
  77. Shaw, D. S. 1983. The cytogenetics and genetics of Phytophthora. In: Phytophthora: Its Biology, Taxonomy, Ecology, and Pathology, ed. by D. C. Erwin, S. Bartnicki-Garcia and P. H. Tsao. Amer. Phytopathol. Soc. St. Paul, Minnesta, pp. 81-94
  78. Simth, P. G., Kimble, K. A., Grogan, R. G. and Millett, A. H. 1967. Inheritance of resistance in peppers to Phytophthora roo rot. Phytopathology 57: 377-379
  79. St$\ddot{o}$ssl, A., Robinson, J. R., Rock, G. L. and Ward, E. W. B. 1977. Metabolism of capsidiol by sweet pepper tissue: Some possible implications for phytoalexin studies. Phytopathology 67: 64-66
  80. St$\ddot{o}$ssl, A., Unwin, C. H. and Ward, E. W. B. 1972. Post-infectional inhibitors from plants. I. Capsidiol, an antifungal compound from Capsicum frutescens. Phytopathol. Z. 74 141-152 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1972.tb02568.x
  81. St$\ddot{o}$ssl, A., Unwin, C. H. and Ward, E. W. B. 1973. Postinfectional fungus inhibitors from plants: Fungal oxidation of capsidiol in pepper fruit. Phytopathology 63: 1225-1231 https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-63-1225
  82. Sung, N. K. and Hwang, B. K. 1988. Comparative efficacy and in vitro activity of metalaxyl and metalaxyl-copper oxychloride mixture for control of Phytophthora blight of pepper plants. Korean. J. Plant. Pathol. 4(3): 185-196
  83. Sunwoo, J. Y., Lee, Y. K. and Hwang, B. K. 1996. Induced resistance against Phytophthora capsici in pepper plants in response to DL-$beta$-amino-n-butyric acid. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 102: 663-670 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01877247
  84. Van Loon, L. C. 1985. Pathogenesis-related proteins. Plant Mol. Biol. 4: 111-116 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02418757
  85. Ward, E. W. B., Unwin, C. H. and St$\ddot{o}$ssl, A. 1973. Post-infectional inhibitors from plants. VII. Tolerance of capsidiol by fungal pathogens of pepper fruit. Can. J. Bot. 51: 2327-2332 https://doi.org/10.1139/b73-300
  86. Yang, S. S., Kim, C. H., Cho, E. K. and Lee, E. J. 1991. Distribution and characteristics of suppressive soil to Phytophthora blight of red-pepper in Korea. Res. Rep. RDA(C.P) 33: 18-22
  87. Yang, S. S., Sung, N. K., Choi, D. I. and Kim, C. H. 1989. Pathogenic variation of Phytophthora capsici on red-pepper in Korea. Korean J. Plant Pathol. 5: 370-376
  88. Yeh, W. H. and Kim, C. H. 1991. Integrated management of Phytophthora blight of red pepper by host resistance and fungicide application. Korea J. Plant Pathol. 7: 226-229
  89. Yi, S. Y., Kim, Y. J. and Hwang, B. K. 1993. Protoplast formation and regeneration from mycelia of Phytophthora capsici. Kor. J. Mycol. 21(1): 1-8

Cited by

  1. Inheritance of Resistance to Phytophthora capsici by Inoculums in Korean Hot Pepper vol.18, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5423/RPD.2012.18.4.317
  2. Inheritance of Resistance to Phytophthora capsici by Inoculum Methods on Korean Hot Pepper vol.26, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12719/KSIA.2014.26.3.274
  3. Comparison of Microbial Fungicides in Antagonistic Activities Related to the Biological Control of Phytophthora Blight in Chili Pepper Caused by Phytophthora capsici vol.26, pp.4, 2010, https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.2010.26.4.340
  4. Evaluation of Pepper Genetic Sources (Capsicum spp.) for Disease Resistance Breeding vol.30, pp.2, 2012, https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.2012.11140
  5. Resistance of Chili Pepper Cultivars to Isolates of Phytophthora capsici vol.32, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.2014.13079
  6. Development of customized control modules for the model forecasting the occurrence of phytophthora blight on hot pepper vol.41, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7744/cnujas.2014.41.1.029