Korean Journal of Environmental Biology (환경생물)

Korean Society of Environmental Biology (한국환경생물학회)
권호 표지

Indicator Microorganisms Used as Fecal Contamination in Aquatic Environments

수계환경에서 분변성 오염의 지표로 사용되는 미생물들

  • 이건형 (군산대학교 자연과학대학 과학기술학부)
  • Published : 2002.09.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The direct detection of intestinal pathogens and viruses often requires costly, tedious, and time-consuming procedures. These requirements developed a test to show that the water was contaminated with sewage-borne pathogens by assessing the hygienic quality of water based on indicator microorganisms whose presence indicates that pathogenic microorganisms may also be present. Various groups of microorganisms have been suggested and used as indicator microorganisms. Proposed and commonly used microbial indicators are total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, Clostridium perfringens, heterotrophic plate count, bacteriophage, and so on. Unfortunately, most, if not all, of these indicators are not ideal because of the sensitivity and resistance to environment stresses and disinfection. However, the development of gene probes and PCR technology may give hope for the discovery of rapid and simple methods toy detecting small number of fecal pathogens in various environments.

Keywords

References

  1. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater APHA (17th Ed.)
  2. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. v.79 Committee report: Microbiological consideration for drinking water regulations revisions AWWA Organisms in Water Committee
  3. Ann Arbor Scientific Publications Indicators of Viruses in Water and Food Berg G. (ed.)
  4. Introduction to Environmental Virology Bitton G.
  5. Water res. v.21 Coliphages as an indicator of fecal pollution in water, its relationship with indicator and pathogenic microorganisms Borrego JJ;MA Morinigo;A de Vicente;R. Cornax;P. Romero https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(87)90130-8
  6. In 92nd Meeting of the American Society of Microbiology Clostridium perfringens provides the only reliable measure of human contamination in the marine environment (abst. Q-257) Burkhardt W III;WD Watkins
  7. In Water Pollution Microbiology v.2 New standards for enteric bacteria Cabelli V.;Mitchell R. (ed.)
  8. Water Sci. Technol. v.21 Swimming-associated illness and recreational water quality criteria Cabelli VJ
  9. Water Sci. technol. v.27 Assessment of Staphylococcus bacteria in Hawaii recreational waters Charoenca N;RS Fujioka https://doi.org/10.1021/es00039a007
  10. Water Res. v.21 North and South American studies on the potential of coliphage as water quality indicator Dutka BJ;A El Shaarawi;MT Martins;PS Sanchez https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(87)90034-0
  11. In Waterborne Diseases in the United States Methods to identify water pathogens and indicator organisms Ericksen TH;AP Dufour;Craun GF (ed.)
  12. Com (94) 612 Final. Offic. J. Eur. Union. v.131 Proposed for a Council Directive concerning the quality of water intended for human consumption European Union (EU)
  13. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. v.49 Survival and detection of Bacteroides spp., prospective in dicator bacteria Fiksdal L;JS Maki;SJ LaCroix;JT Staley
  14. In Manuals of Environmental Microbiology Indicator of marine recreational water quality Fujioka RS;Hurst CJ (ed.);GR Knudsen (ed.);MJ McInerney (ed.);LD Stetzenbach (ed.);MV Walter (ed.)
  15. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. v.41 Comments on fecal streptococci in stream pollution Geldreich EE;BA Kenner
  16. In Phage Ecology Phage as indicators of fecal pollution Gerba CP;Goyal SM (ed.);CP Gerba (ed.);G Bitton (ed.)
  17. The Coliform index and waterborne disease Gleeson C;N Gray
  18. Phage Ecology Goyal SM;CP Gerba;G Bitton
  19. Water Sci. Techno. v.18 Indicator systems for assessment of the virological safety of treated drinking water Grabow WOK
  20. In Drinking Water Microbiology Microbiology of drinking water treatment: Reclaimed wastewater Grabow WOK;McFesters GA (ed.)
  21. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. v.59 Benthic distribution of sewage sludge indicated by Clostridium perfringens at a deep-ocean dump sites Hill RT;IT Knight;MS Anikis;RR Colwell
  22. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. v.62 Distribution of sewage indicated by Clostridium perfringens at a deep-water disposal site after cessation of sewage disposal Hill RT;WL Staube;AC Palmisano;SL Gibson;RR Colwell
  23. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. v.31 Human fecal flora: variation in human fecal composition within individuals and a possible effect of emotional stress Holdeman LV;IJ Good;WEC Moore
  24. In Recreational Water Quality Management, Coastal Waters v.1 Recent epidemiological research leading to standards Kay D;M Wyer;Kay D (ed.)
  25. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. v.40 Enumeration and characterization of standard plate count bacteria in chlorinated and raw water supplies LeChevallier MW;RJ Seidler;TM Evans
  26. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. v.45 New medium for improved recovery of coliform bacteria from drinking water LeChevallier MW;SC Cameron;GA McFesters
  27. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. v.54 Factors promoting survival of bacteria in chlorinated water supplies LeChevallier MW;CP Cawthen;RG Lee
  28. Water Res. Water v.23 Coliphages as indicators of fecal pollution at three recreational beaches on the firth and forth O'Keefe B;J Green https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(89)90177-2
  29. EPA Report No. EPA 570-9-83-001 Measurement of microbial quality In Assessment of Microbiology and Turbidity standards for Drinking Water Olivieri VP;Berger PS (ed.);Y Argaman (ed.)
  30. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. v.59 Clostridium perfrigens and somatic coliphages as indicators of the efficiency of drinking water treatment of viruses and protozoan cysts Payment P;E Franco
  31. J. Appl. Bacteriol. v.70 Enumeration by a miniaturized method of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus bovis and enterococci as indicators of the origin of fecal pollution of waters Pourcher A M;LA Devriese;JF Hernandez;JM Delattre https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1991.tb02752.x
  32. Water Res. v.23 Potable water safety assessed by coliphage and bacterial tests Ratto A;BJ Dutka;C Vega;C Lopez;A El Shaarawi https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(89)90050-X
  33. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. v.49 A new medium for enumeration and subculture of bacteria from potable water Reasoner DJ;EE Geldreich
  34. In Drinking Water Microbiology Monitoring heterotrophic bacteria in potable water Reasoner DJ;McFesters GA (ed.)
  35. In Recreational Water Quality Management Legal and economic implication in developing criteria and standards Saliba L.;Kay D (ed.);R Hanbury (ed.)
  36. Water Sci. Technol. v.18 Bacteriophage active against Bacterides fragilis bacteriophage as indicators of virological quality of water Tartera C;J Jofre
  37. Environ. Toxicol. Water Qual. v.6 Current and possible alternative indicators of fecal contamination in tropical waters: A short review Toranzos GA https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.2530060202
  38. Ambient water quality, Criteria-1986 EPA 440/5-84-002 United States Environmental Protection Agency US EPA