A study on the intake of foods causing dental caries and the effect of nutrition education for primary students

초등학교 아동의 치아우식성 식품섭취 및 영양교육 효과에 관한 연구

  • 김혜영 (성신여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 원복연 (성신여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 류시현 (성신여자대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2002.12.01

Abstract

This study intended to compare dietary and snack habits of primary students in the schools providing and non-providing lunch to clarify the correlation between those conditions and the occurrence of dental caries. Furthermore, this study also focused on evaluating educational effects by providing children with nutritional education program. 1. As a result of dietary habit analysis, it was found that children from the school providing lunch were better in terms of breakfast regularity, eating speed. optimum amount of intake, and meal time regularity than those from the school non-providing lunch. In particular, it was noted that children from the school providing lunch took a little more meat, fish, seaweed and milk or dairy products than those from school non-providing lunch. Thus, it could be assumed hat children provided with lunch have more reasonable dietary habit than those without lunch program. In general, it was found that there was a slight positive change in children's dietary habit after nutritional instruction than before, suggesting that the nutritional education had effects on improving their dietary habit. 2. It was found that primary students often took snacks causing dental caries such as caramel, chocolate, sweets and biscuits, and children from the school providing lunch were more willing to reduce those snacks upon recognizing the causes of dental caries than those from the school non-providing lunch. For the children who chewed gum with physical cleansing effects, it was shown that the highest frequency wat twice or three times a week. Moreover, the ratio of children who took snacks following dinner which might affect their dental caries and the ratio of children who selected snacks because of TV commercial were both reduced after nutritional education. Also the consumption of detergent foods like vegetable, fruit, protein. seaweed. milk or dietary products after nutritional education was increased. 3. It was found that children from the school providing lunch took more often all food groups except for food group IV affecting dental caries than those from the school non-providing lunch. The average number of consuming foods which cause dental caries was 5.04 times per person a day, and most of those were rather taken by liquid than solid food. The average eating times of rinsing foods which kill the bacteria on the surface of teeth and prevent from dental caries, was 9.33 for a person a day, which was a little higher than recommended time. Exposed time for dental caries for a person a day was 100.9 min, of which liquid dental caries was 56.2 min and solid dental caries was 44.6 min, suggesting that liquid food had a high potential to cause dental caries.

본 연구는 초등학교 아동의 식습관, 간식습관 및 섭식실태를 급식교와 비급식교에 따라 비교 분석함으로서 치아우식증 발생과의 관련성을 규명하고, 조사대상 아동들에게 영양교육 프로그램을 실시한 후 교육효과를 평가하고자 실시되었다. 1. 급식여부에 따른 식습관 조사 결과, 급식교 아동이 비급식교의 아동보다 아침식사의 규칙성, 식사속도, 식사량의 적당성 및 식사시간의 규칙성에 있어 바람직한 편이었고, 고기나 생선, 해조류, 우유나 유제품의 섭취정도도 약간 높게 나타나 급식을 통하여 올바른 식생활 태도가 형성되는 것으로 보여졌으며 전반적으로 영양교육 후 식습관에 있어 긍정적인 변화를 나타내 영양교육의 효과가 있었음을 알 수 있었다. 2. 카라멜, 초콜렛 및 사탕류, 비스켓류 등의 치아우식유발 지수가 높은 우식성 식품을 간식으로 자주 섭취하고 있었고 충치유발 요인 인지 시 간식을 덜 사먹겠다는 아동이 급식교에서 다소 많았으며, 물리적 청정작용을 하는 껌을 간식으로 씹는 경우는 1주일에 2∼3회가 가장 높게 나타났다. 또한 영양교육 후 치아우식에 영향을 줄 수 있는 시간인 저녁 식사 후에 간식을 먹는 아동과 TV 광고로 인해 간식을 선택하는 아동의 비율이 낮아졌으며, 세정식품인 채소와 과일, 단백질, 해조류, 우유 또는 유제품의 섭취는 교육 후 약간 증가하였다. 3. 치아우식과 관련이 있는 당질군을 제외한 모든 식품군에서 비급식교 아동보다 급식교 아동의 섭취횟수가 높게 나타났으며 1인 1일 우식성 식품의 평균 섭취 횟수는 평균 5.04회였고, 고체식품보다는 액체식품으로 섭취하는 횟수가 다소 높았다. 치아표면에서 청청작용을 하여 치면세균막의 형성을 감소시켜 우식증을 예방하는 세정식품의 평균 섭취 횟수는 1인 1일 기준식품 표준섭취 횟수보다 높은 9.33회로 나타났다. 1인 1일 우식발생 가능 시간은 100.9분이었는데, 액체 식품의 우식발생 가능 시간은 56.2분으로 44.6분인 고체 식품에서 보다 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과에서 식습관이 치아우식발생과 밀접한 관계를 가지고 있으므로 초등학교 아동에 있어 치아우식을 유발할 수 있는 간식의 섭취를 줄이되 우식성 식품을 간식으로 섭취한 후에는 잇솔질을 반드시 실시하도록 하며 정규식사에서 치아를 보호하는 세정식품의 섭취에 대한 영양교육이 지속적이고 단계적으로 꾸준히 이루어져야 한다고 본다.

Keywords

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