Ocean and Polar Research

Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (한국해양과학기술원)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Seasonal Variations of Settling Particles and Metal Fluxes at a Nearshore Site of Marian Cove, King George Island, Antarctica

남극 킹조지섬 마리안소만에서 침강 입자와 금속 플럭스의 계절 변화

  • 심정희 (한국해양연구원 극지연구본부) ;
  • 강영철 (한국해양연구원 극지연구본부) ;
  • 한명우 (인하대학교 해양학과) ;
  • 김동선 (한국해양연구원 극지연구본부) ;
  • 정호성 (한국해양연구원 극지연구본부) ;
  • 이상훈 (한국해양연구원 극지연구본부)
  • Published : 2002.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Seasonal variations of settling particles and metal fluxes were monitored at a nearshore site of Marian Cove, King Geroge Island, Antarctica from 28th February 1998 to 22nd January 2000. Near-bottom sediment traps were deployed at 30m water depth of the cove, and sampling bottles were recovered every month by SCUBA divers. Total particulate flux and metal concentrations were determined from the samples. Total particulate flux showed a distinct seasonality, high in austral summer and low in austral winter: the highest flux $(21.97g\;m^{-2}d^{-1})$ was found in February of 1999, and the lowest $(2.47g\;m^{-2}d^{-1})$ in September of 1998, when sea surface was frozen completely. Lithogenic particle flux accounted for 90% of the total flux, and showed a significantly negative correlation with the thickness of snow accumulation around the study site. It was suggested that the most of the lithogenic particles trapped in the bottles was transported by melt water stream from the surrounding land. Fluxes of Al, Fe, Ti, Mn, Zn, Cii, Co, Ni, Cr, Cd, and Pb showed similar seasonal variations with the total flux, and their averaged fluxes were 34000, 9000,960, 180, 13.8, 17.6, 3.0,2.1, 5.4, 0.02, and $1.5nmol\;m^{-2}d^{-1}$ respectively. Among the metals, Cu and Cd showed the most noticeable seasonal patterns. The Cd flux correlated positively with the fluxes of biogenic components while the Cu flux correlated with both the lithogenic and biogenic particle fluxes. The Cu flux peak in the late summer is likely related to a substantial amount of inflow of ice melt water laden with Cu-enriched lithogenic particles. On the other hands, the Cd flux peak in the early spring may be associated with the unusually early occurred phytoplankton bloom.

Keywords

References

  1. 강재균, 안인영, 김동엽. 1998. 킹죠지섬 조간대에 서식하는 남극삿갓조개, Nacella concinna (복족강: 삿갓조개과)의 체내 중금속 농도에 관한 기초 연구. 남극 세종기지 주변 인간활동으로 인한 환경변화 모니터링. 한국해양연구소보고서, BSPP 98001-02-1151-7, 55 p.
  2. 강재신, 강성호, 최돈원, 한성수, 심정희, 정경호, 이상훈, 정호성. 2000. 1998/1999 남극 킹조지섬 마리안소만 표층수에 서식하는 미세조류의 계절적 변동과 해수의 물리, 화학적 요인의 변화. 극지환경 특성 및 보존에 관한 연구. 한국해양연구소 보고서, ECPP 99001-03, 88 p.
  3. 안인영, 김고운. 1999. 킹죠지섬 조간대에 서식하는 남극삿갓조개, Nacella concinna(복족강: 삿갓조개과)의 체내 중금속 농도: 지역별 변화양상에 관한 연구. 남극 세종기지 주변 인간활동으로 인한 환경변화 모니터링. 한국해양연구소 보고서, ECPP 99001-02, 27 p.
  4. 유구철, 윤호일, 오재경, 김예동, 강천윤. 1999. 남극 킹죠지섬 마리안 소만의 하계 수층 특성과 부유물질 분산. 한국해양학회지 바다. 4(4), 266-274.
  5. 좌용주, 이종익. 1992. Geochemistry of the volcanic rocks from the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica. 한국지구과학학회지, 13(2), 200-211
  6. 해양수산부. 1999. 대한민국 제11차 남극과학연구단 월동연구대 월동보고서(1997년 12월-1998년 12월). 한국해양연구소, BSE 400001-00-1164-7, 33 p.
  7. 해양수산부. 2000. 대한민국 제12차 남극과학연구단 월동연구대 월동보고서. 한국해양연구소 (In press).
  8. Ahn, I.-Y., S.H. Lee, K.T. Kim, J.H. Shim, and D.Y. Kim. 1996. Baseline heavy metal concentrations in the Antarctic Clam, Laternula Elliptica in Maxwell Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 32(8/9), 592-598. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(95)00247-K
  9. Clark, R.B. 1992. Metals In Marine Pollution. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 66 p.
  10. Collier, R., J. Dymond, S. Honjo, S. Manganini, R. Francois, and R. Dunbar. 2000. The vertical flux of biogenic and lithogenic material in the Ross Sea: moored sediment trap observations 1996-1998. Deep-Sea Res. II, 47, 3491-3520. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00076-X
  11. Cripps, G.C. and A. Clarke. 1998. Seasonal variation in the biochemical composition of particulate material collected by sediment traps at Signy Island, Antarctica. Polar Biol., 20, 414-423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003000050323
  12. De Baar, H.J.W., P.M. Saager, R.F. Nolting, and J. van der Meer. 1994. Cadmium versus phosphate in the world ocean. Mar. Chem., 46, 261-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(94)90082-5
  13. Dunbar, R.B., A.R. Leventer, and D.A. Mucciarone. 1998. Water column sediment fluxes in the Ross Sea, Antartica: Atmospheric and sea ice forcing. J. Geophys. Res., 103(C13), 30741-30759. https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JC900001
  14. Dymond, J., R. Collier, J. McManus, S. Honjo, and S. Manganini. 1997. Can the aluminium and titanium contents of ocean sediments be used to determine the paleoproductivity of the oceans? Paleoceanography, 12, 586-593. https://doi.org/10.1029/97PA01135
  15. Fischer, G., D. Futterer, R. Gersonde, S. Honjo, D. Ostermann, and G. Wefer. 1988. Seasonal variability of particle flux in the Weddell Sea and its relation to ice cover. Nature, 335, 426-428. https://doi.org/10.1038/335426a0
  16. Fischer, G. and G. Wefer. 1996. Seasonal and interannual particle fluxes in the Eastern Equatorial Atlantic from 1989 to 1991 : ITCZ migrations and upwelling. p. 199-214. In: Particle Flux in the Ocean, eds. by V. Ittekkot, P. Schafer, S. Honjo, and P.J. Depetris. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
  17. Flegal, A.R., H. Maring, and S. Niemeyer. 1993. Anthropogenic lead in Antarctic sea water. Nature, 365, 242-244. https://doi.org/10.1038/365242a0
  18. Hong, S., C.Y. Kang, and J. Kang. 1999. Lichen biomonitoring for the detection of local heavy metal pollution around King Sejong Station, King George Island, Antarctica. Korean J. Polar Res., 10, 17-24.
  19. Isla, E., A. Palanques, V. Alvà, P. Puig, and J. Guillen. 2001. Fluxes and composition of settling particles during summer in an Antarctic shallow bay of Livingston Island, South Shetlands. Polar Biol., 24, 670-676. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003000100267
  20. Karl, D.M., B.D. Tilbrook, and G. Tien. 1991. Seasonal coupling of organic matter production and particle flux in the western Bransfield Strait, Antarctica. Deep-Sea Research, 38, 1097-1126. https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(91)90098-Z
  21. Kitano, Y. and R. Fujiyoshi. 1980. Selective chemical leaching of cadmium, copper, manganese and iron in marine sediments. Geochem. J., 14(3), 113-122. https://doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.14.113
  22. Knauer, G.A., D.M. Karl, J.H. Martin, and C.N. Hunter. 1984. In situ effects of selected preservatives on total carbon, nitrogen and metals collected in ediment traps. J. Mar. Res., 42, 445-462. https://doi.org/10.1357/002224084788502710
  23. Langone, L., M. Frignani, M. Ravaioli, and C. Bianchi. 2000. Particle fluxes and biogeochemical processes in an area influenced by seasonal retreat of the ice margin (northwestern Ross Sea, Antarctica). J. Marine Systems, 27, 221-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(00)00069-5
  24. Lee, S.H., K.T. Kim, and S.H. Kim. 1990. Trace metals in the surface waters of Maxwell Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. Korean J. Polar Res., 1(2), 11-15.
  25. Murray, R.W. and M. Leinen. 1996. Scavenged excess aluminum and its relationship to bulk titanium in biogenic sediment from the central equatorial Pacific Ocean. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 60, 3869-3878. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(96)00236-0
  26. Palanques, A., E. Isla, P. Puig, J.A. Sanchez-Cabeza, and P. Masque. 2002. Annual evolution of downward particle fluxed in the Western Bransfield Strait (Antarctica) during the FRUELA project. Deep-Sea Res. II, 49, 903-920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00130-8
  27. Pecherzewski, K. 1980. Distribution and quantity of suspended matter in Admiralty Bay (King George Island), South Shetland Islands. Pol. Polar Res., 1, 75-82.
  28. Taylor, S.R. and S.M. McLennan. 1995. The geochemical evolution of the continental crust. Reviews of Geophsics, 33, 241-265. https://doi.org/10.1029/95RG00262
  29. Wedepohl, K.H. 1995. The composition of the continental crust. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta., 59(7), 1217-1232. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(95)00038-2
  30. Wefer, G., G. Fischer, D. Fuetterer, and R. Gersonde. 1988. Seasonal particle flux in the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica. Deep-Sea Res., 35(6), 891-898. https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(88)90066-0
  31. Wolff, E.W., E.D. Suttie, and D.A. Peel. 1999. Antarctic snow record of cadmium, copper, and zinc content during the twentieth century. Atmos. Environ., 33, 1535- 1541. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00276-3
  32. Yoon, H.I., Y. Kim, M.Y. Choe, and S.H. Nam. 1994. Glaciomarine sedimentation and paleoglacial setting of Marian Cove, King George Island, Antarctica. Mem. Natl Ist. Polar Res., Spec. Issue, 50, 41-48.
  33. Yoon, H.I., B.-K. Park, E.W. Domack, and Y. Kim. 1998. Distribution and dispersal pattern of suspended particulate matter in Mawell Bay and its tributary, Marian Cove, in the South Shetland Islands, West Antarctica. Mar. Geol., 152, 261-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00098-X

Cited by

  1. Behaviors of Metals in the Settling Particles in the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica vol.25, pp.1, 2003, https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2003.25.1.041