An experimental study on diameter increase of orthodontic wire by electroplating

전기도금을 이용한 스테인레스 스틸 선재의 직경 증가에 관한 실험적 연구

  • Cho, Jin-Hyoung (Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Sung, Young-Eun (Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Ki-Heon (Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology) ;
  • Hwang, Hyeon-Shik (Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology)
  • 조진형 (전남대학교 치과대학 교정학교실) ;
  • 성영은 (광주과학기술원 신소재공학교실) ;
  • 이기헌 (전남대학교 치의학연구소 치과대학 교정학교실) ;
  • 황현식 (전남대학교 치의학연구소 치과대학 교정학교실)
  • Published : 2003.04.01

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibile clinical application of electroplating to increase diameter of an orthodontic wire, through examining the change of physical properties. The diameter of stainless steel orthodontic wire was increased from 0.016 inch to 0.018 inch by electroplating in a bath of nickel sulfate 100g/L, nickel chloride 60g/L, boric acid 30g/L, and sodium chloride 50g/L, under the conditions of 1.7V, $25\~29^{\circ}C\;and\;3.1\~3.3pH$. During the electroplating, the rate of diameter increase was measured every minute. To investigate uniformity, the diameter was measured at three different locations of each wire specimen aster electroplating. An X-ray diffraction test was performed to analyze the nature of the electroplated metal. Following heat treatment to improve adhesion between the wire and electroplated metal, a three-point bending test was conducted to compare stiffness, field strength, and ultimate strength among four wire groups; 0.016 inch, electroplated 016, electroplated and heat-treated 016, and 0.018 inch wires. Through the comparison of each wire group, following results were obtained. 1. In the load-deflection graph, the curve of the electroplated group was Placed between that of the 0.016 inch group and the 0.018 inch group, and the owe was closer to the 0.018 inch group by heat treatment. 2. In the electroplated and heat-treated 016 wire group, the values of stiffness, yield strength and ultimate strength showed higher tendency than in the original 0.016 Inch group. Stiffness and ultimate strength showed statistically significant differences between two groups. 3. Stiffness, yield strength, and ultimate strength of electroplated wire presented lower values than those of 0.018 inch wire group. 4. Stiffness, yield strength, and ultimate strength of electroplated and heat-treated wire showed higher tendency than those of electroplated wire group, and ultimate strength showed statistically significant difference between two groups. 5. After electroplating, the difference in diameter between the three locations was within $0.1\~0.3\%$ variation, and showed no statistical significance.

본 연구는 전기도금을 이용하여 교정용 선재의 직경을 증가시킨 후 그 물성 변화를 알아봄으로써 이의 임상적 적용 가능성을 알아보고자 시행되었다. 0.016 인치 스테인레스 스틸 교정용 선재에 전기도금을 위한 적절한 전처리를 시행한 후, 황산 니켈 100g/L, 염화니켈 60g/L, 붕산 30g/L, 염화나트륨 50g/L의 조성을 가지는 전해액을 제조하여 1.7V의 전압과 $25\~29^{\circ}$의 온도, $3.1\~3.3pH$의 조건 하에서 직경을 0.002 인치 증가시켜 0.018 인치 직경의 선재로 만들었다 전기도금 과정 중 1분 단위로 직경을 측정하여 시간에 따른 직경 증가율을 구하였고, 도금 후 서로 다른 세 지점의 직경을 계측하여 균일성을 평가하였으며, 도금 금속의 정성분석을 위하여 X-선 회절검사를 시행하였다. 도금층의 밀착성 증진을 위해 $400^{\circ}$의 전기로에서 10분간 열처리를 시행한 후 도금 전후와 열처리 전후의 물성 변화를 알아보기 위하여 3점 굴곡 실험을 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1.전반적인 하중-변형률 곡선을 보면 0.016인치 군과 0.018인치 군 사이에 도금 처리한 군이 존재하였으며 열처리한 경우가 0.018 인치 군에 더욱 가까워지는 양상을 보였다. 2. 도금에 이해 지경은 0.002이차 증가시킨 군이 기존의 0.016이차 군에 비하여 강성과 항복강도 극한강도 모두 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 이중 강성과 극한 강도는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 3. 0.016인치에서 도금에 의해 직경을 0.002인치 증가시킨 군이 기존의 0.018인치 군보다 강성과 항복강도, 극한강도 모두에서 낮게 나타났으며 통계적 유의차를 보였다. 4. 도금 후 열처리를 시행한 군이 시행하지 않은 군보다 강성, 항복강도, 극한강도 모두 높은 경향을 보였으며, 극한강도에서 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 5. 전기도금 후 서로 다른 세 지점의 직경차이는 $0.1\~0.3\%$로 균일하게 나타났으며 통계적으로도 유의차가 존재하지 않았다.

Keywords

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