Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology : HEB

Korean Society of Horticultural Science (한국원예학회)
권호 표지

Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology

한국 감자 재래종의 역사적 고찰

Cho, Hyun-Mook;Park, Young-Eun;Cho, Ji-Hong;Kim, Sung-Yeul
조현묵;박영은;조지홍;김숭열

  • Published : 20030000
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Abstract

The history of origin and introduction of the potato into all over the world from the Andes of South America and the status of potato germplasm collection are reviewed. Especially the time and route of potato introduction into Korea as well as the etymological term of the potato are presented through the review of literatures. It has passed around 180 years since the potato was introduced into Korea; first recorded literally in 1824, the Soonjo 24th of Chosun Kingdom. And the route of potato introduction into Korea is more likely from the North, even though two ways of the introduction, from the South through Japan and from the North through China, are separately postulated. The Chinese character Gamjeo had been simultaneously used as the name of both potato and sweet potato during the first earlier introduction times, which caused the confusion to differentiate the two crops. Afterwards the name was converted into Gamja according to the earlier Korean character system, and subsequently established as Gamja with a little change of literal symbol. Thus the implied meaning of Korean potato name is delicious root when considering it in terms of its etymology. Many land races of potatoes in Korea have been rapidly lost with the development and dispersion of new high yielding potato varieties. However, the land race or relic potatoes could play an important role as valuable breeding materials for the development of new varieties in the future. Hence they should be maintained and analysed as important genetic resources.

감자가 원산지인 페루를 중심으로 한 남미의 안데스산맥으로부터 유럽 및 전 세계로 전파된 경로와 감자 유전 자원의 현황을 고찰하였다. 아울러 우리 나라 감자의 전래 시기, 전래 경위, 감자 명칭의 변화 과정 및 품종의 변화에 대해 문서학적으로 고찰하였다. 우리 나라의 문자 기록상 최초의 감자 전래 시기는 1824년(조선 시대, 순조 24년)으로 현재 감자 전래 역사는 약 180년이다. 전래 경위는 남방 전래설과 북방 전래설이 있으나, 역사 문헌의 전래 시기를 기준으로 했을 때 중국을 통하여 전래된 북방전래설이 타당하다. 우리 나라에서의 감자 명칭은 유럽의 경우와 마찬가지로 초기에 고구마와 혼동되어 사용되었다. 초기에는 한문식 표기인 감저(甘藷)로 표현하였으나, 그 후 훈민정음식 표기인 감로 변하였고, 이어서 감자로 음차 변화된 것으로 판단된다. 그 속뜻은 어원의 유래로 볼 때 맛있는 뿌리라는 의미이다. 우리 나라의 재래종 감자 유전 자원은 근대 농업의 발달 및 신품종 보급과 더불어 급속히 소실되어 왔다. 일부 재래종 감자 유전 자원은 소실되었다가 수집국으로부터 역도입하여 보존하고 있다. 현재 남아 있는 재래종 감자 유전 자원은 미래의 감자 육종을 고려할 때 중요한 유전 자원으로서 유지보존을 해 나가야 할 것이다.

Keywords

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