Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology : HEB

Korean Society of Horticultural Science (한국원예학회)
권호 표지

Effect of Chitin Compost Incorporated with Chitinolytic Bacteria and Rice Bran on Chemical Properties and Microbial Community in Pear Orchard Soil

키틴 분해 미생물 첨가 키틴 퇴비 시용이 배 과원 토양의 화학성과 미생물상에 미치는 영향

Lee, Sang-Hyun;Kim, Wol-Soo;Kim, Kil-Yong;Kim, Tae-Hwan;Whangbo, Hun;Jung, Woo-Jin;Chung, Soon-Ju
이상현;김월수;김길용;김태환;황보훈;정우진;정순주

  • Published : 20030000
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

To examine the possible usage of chitin compost as a functional compost, the effect of chitin compost with chitinolytic bacteria, rice bran, and chemical fertilizer on the microbial community and the chemical properties in rhizosphere soils at the stage of flower bud differentiation and fruit development were compared. Bacteria having strong chitinolytic activity were isolated from coastal soil in Korea. The bacteria were grown in colloidal chitin medium containing 0.2% colloidal chitin by clear zones around colonies. The bacteria inhibited the mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani KACC-40111 and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici KACC-40037 on PDAC plate after inoculation. Chitin compost was composed of 25% crab shell, 20% vermiculite, 40% rice straw, 10% rice bran, 1% N, 2% rock phosphate, 0.5% $K_{2}O$, 0.05% silicate, and 1% inoculant containing chitinolytic bacteria. EC, pH, total nitrogen, available P, and organic matter in rhizosphere soil increased by the treatments of chitin compost and rice bran, but the effect of these treatments gradually decreased with time. The changes in chemical properties were considered as an interactive effect of organic matter and microorganisms in rhizosphere soils by chitin compost. The treatment of chitin compost and rice bran increased bacteria and fungi population compared with fertilizer application. The treatment of chitin compost increased chitinolytic bacteria population but decreased fungi population in rhizosphere soils in pear orchard. Microbial biomass of chitin compost and rice bran increased significantly compared with fertilizer application. Phosphatase and dehydrogenase activity showed similar pattern of microbial biomass at all treatments. Viewing from the changes of microbial community, the use of chitin compost in rhizosphere of pear orchard soil could increase the beneficial microbes and reduce the deteriorating microbes affecting plant growth. Above results demonstrated that application of chitin compost with chitinolytic bacteria can be feasible for the improvement of rhizosphere environment in pear orchard. However, additional application should be followed to compensate the reduction of beneficial microbes with proceeding growth and development of pear tree.

Keywords

References

  1. Acea, M.J. and T. Carballas. 1996. Microbial response to organic amendments in a forest soil. Biores. Technol. 57:193-199 https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-8524(96)00071-5
  2. Altier, N. 1994. Current status of research on lotus diseases in Uruguay. In: P.R. Beuselinck and C.A. Roberts (eds.), Proc. 1st Intl. Lotus Symp. p. 203-205. Columbia Publ
  3. AOAC. 1990. Official methods of analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 15th edn. Washington, DC, USA
  4. Badr El-Din, S.M.S., M. Attia, and S.A. Abo-Sedera. 2000. Field assessment of composts produced by highly effective cellulolytic microorganism. Biol. Fert. Soil 32:35-40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s003740000210
  5. Brady, N.C. and R.R. Weil. 1999. The nature and properties of soil, 12th edn. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. USA
  6. Brendecke, J.W., R.D. Axelson, and I.L. Pepper. 1993. Soil microbial activity as indicator of soil fertility: Long-term effects of municipal sewage sludge on arid soil. Soil Biol. Biochem. 25:751-758 https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(93)90117-T
  7. Chang, T.H., Y.J. Cho, J.H. Ryu, I.Y. Kim, T.H. Lim, and M.Y. Kim. 1998. A cause of leaf chlorosis in peach trees (Prunus persica). J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 39:721-726
  8. Cronin, D., Y. Moenne-Loccoz, C. Dunne, and F. O'Gara. 1997. Inhibition of egg hatch of the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis by chitinase producing bacteria. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 103:433-440 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008662729757
  9. Godoy, G., R. Rodriguez-Kabana, and G. Morgan-Jones. 1983. Parasitism of eggs of Heterodera glycines and Meloidogyne arenaria by fungi isolated from cysts of H. glycinesin. Nematropica 12:111-119
  10. Hooker, J.E., S. Gianinazzi, M. Vestberg, J.M. Barea, and D. Atkinson. 1994. The application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to micropropagation systems: An opportunity to reduce chemical inputs. Agr. Sci. Finland 3:227-232
  11. Janzen, R.A., F.D. Cook, and W.B. McGill. 1995. Compost extract added to microcosms may sitimulate community-level controls on soil microorganisms involved in element cycling. Soil Biol. Biochem. 27:181-188 https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(94)00165-W
  12. Kim, K.D., S. Nemec, and G. Musson. 1997. Effects of composts and soil amendments on soil microflora and Phytophthora root and crown rot of bell pepper. Crop Protection 16:165-172 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-2194(96)00074-9
  13. Lee, S.H. and W.S. Kim. 2001. Influence of organic matter content in orchard soils on leaf mineral content, root growth, and fruit quality of pear (Pyrus pyrifolia). J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 42:444-448
  14. Lenhard, G. 1956. Die Dehydrogenaseaktivitat des Bodens als Mass fur die Mikroorganismentatigkeit im Boden. Z. Pflanzenernaehr. Dueng. Bodenkd. 73:1-11 https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.19560730102
  15. Manna, M.C. and M.V. Singh. 2001. Long-term effects of intercropping and bio-litter recycling on soil biological activity and fertility status of sub-tropical soils. Biores. Technol. 76:143-150 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(00)00088-2
  16. Ordentlich, A., Y. Elad, and I. Chet. 1988. The role of chitinase of Serratia marcescens in biocontrol of Sclerotium rolfsii. Phytopathology 78:84-88
  17. Parkinson, D. and E.A. Paul. 1982. Microbial Biomass, In: A.L. Page, R.H. Miller, and D.R. Keeney (eds.). Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. Amer. Soc. Agron. Madison, WI, USA, p. 921-830
  18. Perucci, P. 1992. Enzyme activity and microbial biomass in a field soil amended with municial refuse. Biol. Fert. Soil 14:54-60 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00336303
  19. Qiu, J., J. Hallmann, N. Kokalis-Burelle, D.B. Weaver, R. Rodriguez-Kabana, and S. Tuzun. 1997. Activity and differential induction of chitinase isozymes in soybean cultivars resistant or susceptible to root-knot nematodes. J. Nematol. 29:523-530
  20. Requena, N., R. Azcon, and M.T. Baca. 1996. Chemical changes in humic substrates from compost due to incubation with ligno-cellulolytic microorganism and effects on lettuce growth. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 45:857-863 https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530050774
  21. Roberts, P.A. 1995. Conceptual and practical aspects of variability in root-knot nematodes related to host plant resistance. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 33:199-221 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.33.090195.001215
  22. Rodriguez-Kabana, R. 1986. Organic and inorganic nitrogen amendments to soil as nematode suppressants. J. Nematol. 18:129-135
  23. Rodriguez-Kabana, R., D.B. Weaver, D.G. Robertson, R.W. Young, and E.L. Carden. 1990. Rotations of soybean with two tropical legumes for the management of nematode problems. Nematropica 20:101-110
  24. Sarathchandra, S.U., R.N. Watson, N.R. Cox, M.E. di Menna, J.A. Brown, G. Burch, and F.J. Neville. 1996. Effects of chitin amendment of soil on microorganisms, nematodes, and growth of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Biol. Fert. Soil 22:221-226 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00382516
  25. Singh, P.P., Y.C. Shin, C.S. Park, and Y.R. Chung. 1998. Biological control of fusarium wilt of cucumber by chitinolytic bacteria. Phytopathology 89:92-99 https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.1999.89.1.92
  26. Tabatabai, M.A. and J.M. Bremner. 1969. Use of p-nitrophenyl phosphate for assay of soil phosphate activity. Soil Biol. Biochem. 1:301-307 https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(69)90012-1
  27. Tarafdar, J.C. and A. Jungk. 1987. Phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere and its relation to the depletion of soil organic phosphorus. Biol. Fert. Soil 3:199-204 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00640630
  28. Wang, L., T.C. Yieh, and I.L. Shih. 1999. Production of antifungal compounds by Pseudomonas aeruginosa K-187 using shrimp and crab shell power as a carbon source. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 25:142-148 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0229(99)00024-1
  29. Wollum, A.G., II. 1982. Cultural methods for soil microorganism, In: A.L. Page, R.H. Miller, and D.R. Keeney (eds.). Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. Amer. Soc. Agron. Madison, WI, USA, p. 781-802
  30. Yoon, S.G. 1997. Study on the cause and control of Fe chlorosis symptom in the oriental pear (P. pyrifolia) trees. MS Diss., Seoul Natl. Univ., Suwon, Korea