The Effect of Combined Training on Abdominal Fat and TNF-$\alpha$ in obese middle aged women

유산소와 근저항의 복합트레이닝이 비만중년여성의 복부지방및 TNF-$\alpha$에 미치는 영향

Kwon, Yoo-Chan;Youn, Mi-Suk;Park, Sang-Kap
권유찬;윤미숙;박상갑

  • Published : 20030000

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of abdominal fat, insulin and tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-$\alpha$) after 10 weeks combined training. Subjects were composed of seven middle aged obesity women. They have at least above 0.4 visceral fat and subcutaneous fat ratio. The training program was separated aerobic training and muscular resistance training. The aerobic training was 60%HRmax(Intensity). 40 minutes and the muscular resistance training was 70% of 1RM(Intensity), 40 minutes a day(Duration), 6 days a week(Frequency) during 10 weeks. We found that $\dot V$$O_2$max(0.27$\ell$/min) was increased after 10 weeks combined training, and %body fat(5.47%), total abdominal fat(106.94$cm^3$), subcutaneous fat(56.40$cm^3$). visceral fat(50.54$cm^3$), visceral fat and subcutaneous fat ratio(0.06) were significantly decreased after 10 weeks combined training. Furthermore insulin and TNF-$\alpha$ concentration were decreased after 10 weeks combined training. In conclusion, combined training was shown to positive influence on body composition, insulin and TNF-$\alpha$ concentration. So it is maybe thought that combined training was important role for obesity treatment.

Keywords

References

  1. 박상갑. (2001). 근저항과 유산소성의 복합트레이닝이 복부지방에 미치는 영향. 대한스포츠의학회지, 19, 275-291
  2. ACSM, (1995). Guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Baltimore, Wlliams &Wilkins, 205-219
  3. Blann, A. D., McCollum, C. N. (1998). Increased soluble P-selectin in peripheral artery disease: a new marker for the progression of atherosclerosis. Thromb Haemost, 80(6), 1031-1032
  4. Burton, B. T., Foster, W. R. (1985). Health implications of obesity: an NIH consensus development conference. J. AM. Diet Assoc., 85, 1117-1121
  5. Cannon, J. G., (1993). Exereise resistance to infection. J. Appl. Physiol., 74, 973-981
  6. DeFronzo R.A., Ferraninni E. (1991). Insulin resistance: a multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dys lipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Care., 14, 173-194
  7. Drenth, J. P., Krebber, R. J., Bijzet., and Van Der Meer, J. W. (1998). Increased circulating cytokine receptors and ex vivo interleukin-l receptor antagonist and interleukin -lbeta production but decreased tumour necrosis factor-alpha production after a 5-km run. EUR. J. Clin. Invest. 28, 866-872
  8. Drinkard B, McDuffie J, McCann S, Uwaifo GI, Nicholson J, Yanovski JA. (2001). Relationships between walk/run perfor- mance and cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents who are overweight. Phys Ther. 81, 1889-1896
  9. Engstr, O. M, L. M., and S. Fischbein. (1997). Physical capacity in twins. Act. Genet. Med. Gemellol. 26, 159-165
  10. Eric, T. P., Roman, V. D., Walter, F. D., Martin, B., Philip, A. A. (2000). Effects of resistance training and endurance training on insulin sensitivity in nonobese, young women: a controlled randomized trial. J. clin endocnnol metab 85, 2463-2468
  11. Erickson.S. L., de Sauvage. F. J,, Kikly, K, Carver-Moore, K., PittsMeek, S, Gillett N, Sheehan, K. C, Schreiber, R. D, Goeddel D, V, Moore, M. W. (1994). Decreased sensitivity to tumor-necrosis factor but normal T-cell development in TNF receptor-2-deficient mice. Nature 375, 560-563
  12. Fagard, R., E. Bielen, and A. Amery. (1991). Heritability of aerdbic power and anaerobic energy generation during exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 70, 357-362
  13. Goodpaster B, H, Thaete, F. L, Simoneau, J. A, Kelley, D. E. (1997). Subcutaneous abdorninal fat and thigh muscle composition predict insuliln sensitivity independently of visceral fat. Diabetes. 46, 1579-1585
  14. Hoffman-Goetz, L., Pedersen, B. K.. (1994). Exercise and the immune system: a model of the stress response? Immunol. Today 15, 382-387
  15. Hunter, G. R., J. Newman Giger, M. Weaver, O. L, StrickIahd, P. Zuckerman, and H. Taylor. (2000). Fat distribution and cardiovascular disease risk in African -American women. J. Natl. Black Nurses Assoc. 11, 7-11
  16. Hunter, G. R., T. Kekes-Szabo, S. Snyder, C. Nicholson, I. Nyikos, and L. Berland. (1997). Fat distribution, physical activity, and cardiovascular risk factors. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 29, 362- 369
  17. Katsilambros N. (2000). New developments in obesity. Eur. J. Int Med 11, 65-74
  18. Kern, P. A., Sahizadeh, M, Ong, J. M, (1995). The expression of tumor necrosis factor in human adipose tissue: regulation by obesity, weight loss, and relationship to lipoprotein lipase. J Clin Invest. 95, 2111-2119
  19. Larsen Al, Aukrust P, Aarsland T, Dickstein K. (2001). Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training on Plasma Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-$\alpha$ in Patients with Heart Failure. Am j Cardiol, 88, 805-808
  20. Mourier A, Gautier JF, De Kerviler E. (1997). Mobilization of visceral adipose tissue related to the improvement in insulin sensitivity in response to physical training in NIDDM. Effects of branched chain amino acid supptements. diabetes Care 20, 385-391
  21. Owens, Scott Gutin, Bernard ALllison, Jerry Riggs, Sharon Ferguson, Michael Litaker, Mark Thompson, William (1999). Effect of physical training on total and visceral fat in obese children. Med, Sci. Sports Exerc., 31, 143-148
  22. Patrizia Ziccardi, Francesco Nappo, Giovanni Giugliano, Katherine Esposito, Raffaele Marfella, Michele Cioffi, Michele D'Andrea, Francesco, Molinah, Anna Maria, Giugliano, Dario (2002). Reduction of Inflammatory Cytokine Concentrations and Improvement of Endothelial Functions in Obese Women After Weight Loss Over One Year. Circulation. 105, 804-809
  23. Pedersen, B. K., Adam, S., Peter, S. (2001). Exercise and interleukin-6. Curr Opin Hematol, 8, 137-141
  24. Scanga, C. B., Verde, T. J., Paolone, A. M., Andersen, R. E., Wadden T. A. (1998). Effects of weight loss and exercise training on natural killer cell activity in obese women. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise., 30, 1666-1671
  25. Shimomura I, Tokunaga K. kotani K. (1993). Marked reduction of acyl-Co A synthetase activity and mRNA intraabdominal visceral fat by physical exercise. Am J physiol 265, E44-E50
  26. Straczkowski M, Kowalska I, Dzjenis-Straczkowska S, Stepien A, Skibinska E, Szelachowska M, Knalska I. (2001). Changes in tumor necrosis factor-alpha system and insulin sensitivity during an exercise training program in obese women with normal and impaired glucose tolerance. Eur J Endocrinol. 3, 273-80
  27. Uno, H., Ueki, Y., Murashima, J., Miyake, S., Tominaga, Y., Eguchi, K., Yano, K.. (1995). Removal of LDL trom plasma by adsorption reduces adhesion molecules on mononuclear cells in patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans
  28. Ventre J., Doebber T., Wu M., MacNaul K., Stevens K., Pasparakis M., Kollias G., Moller D.E., (1997). Targeted disruption of the tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ gene. Diabetes 46, 1526-1531
  29. Williams, M. J., G. R. Hunter, T. Kekes-Szabo, S. Snyder, and M. S. Treuth. (1997). Regional fat distribution in women and risk of cardiovascular disease. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 65, 855-860
  30. World Health Organization, (1997). Obesity :Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic
  31. Yamasaki, H., Douchi, T., Yamamoto, S., Oki, T., Kuwahata R, Nagata, Y., (2001). Body fat distribution and body composition during GnRH agonist therapy. Obstet Gynecol. 97, 338-342