Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine (대한병리학회지)

The Korean Society of Pathologists (대한병리학회)
권호 표지

Experimental Liver Disease Models of Rats - Morphological Characteristics -

실험적 흰쥐 간 질환 모델의 이해 - 형태학적 특징을 중심으로 -

Park, Do-Youn;Suh, Kang-Suek
박도윤;서강석

  • Published : 20030000
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Experimental liver disease models of rats have many similarities with those of humans, especially in morphological characteristics. Rat liver disease models can be categorized as models of hepatic fibrosis, hepatic stem cell and hepatocarcinogenesis. The purpose of this article is to review experimental liver disease models, with a major emphasis on morphologic features, including routine morphological, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic features.

Keywords

References

  1. Tsukamoto H, Matsuoka M, French SW. Experimental models of hepatic fibrosis: a review. Semin Liver Dis 1990; 10: 56-65. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1040457
  2. Recknagel RO, Glende EA Jr, Dolak JA, Waller RL. Mechanisms of carbon tetrachloride toxicity. Pharmacol Ther 1989; 43: 139-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/0163-7258(89)90050-8
  3. Madden JW, Gertman PM, Peacock EE Jr. Dimethylnitrosamineinduced hepatic cirrhosis: a new canine model of an ancient human disease. Surgery 1970; 68: 260-7.
  4. Webster GT. Cirrhois of the liver among rats receiving diets poor in protein and rich in fat. J Clin Invest 1942; 21: 385-92. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI101314
  5. Popper H, de la Huerga J, Yesinick C. Hepatic tumors due to prolonged ethionine feeding. Science 1953; 118: 80-2. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.118.3055.80
  6. Ballardini G, Degli Esposti S, Bianchi FB, et al. Correlation between Ito cells and fibrogenesis in an experimental model of hepatic fibrosis. A sequential stereological study. Liver 1983; 3: 58-63.
  7. Wahl SM, Hunt DA, Allen JB, Wilder RL, Paglia L, Hand AR. Bacterial cell wall-induced hepatic granulomas. An in vivo model of T cell-dependent fibrosis. J Exp Med 1986; 163: 884-902.
  8. Dunn MA, Rojkind M, Warren KS, Hait PK, Rifas L, Seifter S. Liver collagen synthesis in murine schistosomiasis. J Clin Invest 1977; 59: 666-74. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI108685
  9. Levy E, Slusser RJ, Ruebner BH. Hepatic changes produced by a single dose of endotoxin in the mouse. Electron microscopy. Am J Pathol 1968; 52: 477-502.
  10. Tams EG. Morphological and functional changes in the livers of rats after ligation and excision of the common bile duct. Am J Pathol 1952; 33: 13-27.
  11. Lieber CS, DeCarli LM. The feeding of alcohol in liquid diets: two decades of applications and 1982 update. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1982; 6: 523-31. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.1982.tb05017.x
  12. Fujimoto M, Kimoto M, Sugarawa I, et al. Immunological study of homozygous rhino mice associated with spontaneously occurring hepatic fibrosis. In Hirayama C, Kivirikko KI (Eds); Pathobiology of hepatic fibrosis. Excerpta Medica 1985; 171-80.
  13. SK Lee, DY Park. Phenotypic analysis of inflammatory infiltrate and localization of fibroblast growth factor in the rat wth dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis. Korean J Gastroenterol 1997; 29: 497-505.
  14. SN Lee, DY Park, SK Lee. Cellular distribution of TGF-${\beta}$1 peptide in dimethylnistrosamine induced fibrosis of rat liver. Korean J Pathol 1997; 31: 1157-65.
  15. Li D, Friedman SL. Liver fibrogenesis and the role of hepatic stellate cells: new insights and prospects for therapy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999; 14: 618-33. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1746.1999.01928.x
  16. Friedman SL. Seminars in medicine of the Beth Israel Hospital, Boston. The cellular basis of hepatic fibrosis. Mechanisms and treatment strategies. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 1828-35.
  17. Gressner AM, Bachem MG. Cellular sources of noncollagenous matrix proteins. Role of fat-storing cells in fibrogenesis. Semin Liver Dis 1990; 10: 30-46.
  18. Gressner AM. Cytokines and cellular crosstalk involved in the activation of fat-storing cells. J Hepatol 1995; 22(S): 28-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/0270-9139(95)94092-8
  19. Matsuoka M, Tsukamoto H. Stimulation of hepatic lipocyte collagen production by Kupffer cell-derived transforming growth factor beta. Implication for a pathogenetic role in alcoholic liver fibrogenesis. Hepatology 1990; 11: 599-605.
  20. Pinzani M, Milani S, Grappone C, Weber FJ, Gentilini P, Abboud HE. Expression of platelet-derived growth factor in a model of acute liver injury. Hepatology 1994; 19: 701-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.1840190323
  21. Rockey DC. The cellular pathogenesis of portal hypertension. Stellate cell contractility, endothelin, and nitric oxide. Hepatology 1997; 25: 2-5.
  22. Bissel DM, Wang SS, Jarnagin WR, Roll FJ. Cell specific expression of transforming growth factor-beta in rat liver. Evidence for autocrine regulation of hepatocyte proliferation. J Clin Invest 1995; 96: 447-55.
  23. Gong W, Pecci A, Pecci S, Lahme B, Beato M, Gressner AM. Transformation- dependent susceptibility of rat hepatic stellate cells to apoptosis induced by soluble Fas ligand. Hepatology 1998; 28: 492-502. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.510280229
  24. Potten CS, Loeffler M. Stem cells; attributes, cycles, spirals, pitfalls and uncertainties. Develpoment 1990; 110: 1001-20.
  25. Thorgeirsson SS. Hepatic stem cells. Am J Pathol 1993; 142: 1331-3.
  26. Fausto N. Oval cells and liver carcinogenesis: an analysis of cell lineages in hepatic tumors using oncogene transfection techniques Prog Clin Biol Res 1990; 331: 325-34.
  27. Sell S. Is there a liver stem cell? Cancer Res 1990; 50: 3811-5.
  28. Sigal SH, Brill S, Fiorino AS, Reid LM. The liver as a stem cell and lineage system. Am J Physiol 1992; 263: G139-48.
  29. Inaoka Y. Significance of the so-called oval cell proliferation during azo-dye hepatocarcinogenesis. Gann 1967; 58: 355-66.
  30. Shinozuka H, Lombardi B, Sell S, Iammarino RM. Early histological and functional alterations of ethionine liver carcinogenesis in rats fed a choline-deficient diet. Cancer Res 1978; 38: 1092-8.
  31. Tatematsu M, Ho RH, Kaku T, Ekem JK, Farber E. Studies on the proliferation and fate of oval cells in the liver of rats treated with 2-acetylaminofluorene and partial hepatectomy. Am J Pathol 1984; 114: 418-30.
  32. Lesch R, Reutter W, Keppler D, Decker K. Liver restitution after acute galactosamine hepatitis: autoradiographic and biochemical studies in rats. Exp Mol Pathol 1970; 12: 58-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4800(70)90075-4
  33. Park DY, Suh KS. Transforming growth factor-${\beta}$1 protein, proliferation and apoptosis of oval cells in acetylaminofluorene-induced rat liver regeneration. J Korean Med Sci 1999; 14: 531-8. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.1999.14.5.531
  34. Evarts RP, Hu Z, Fujio K, Marsden ER, Thorgeirsson SS. Activation of hepatic stem cell compartment in the rat: role of transforming growth factor alpha, hepatocyte growth factor, and acidic fibroblast gro wth factor in early proliferation. Cell Growth Differ 1993; 4: 555-61.
  35. Kinosita R. Studies on the carcinogenic chemical substances. Trans Jpn Pathol Soc 1937; 27: 65-71.
  36. Teebor GW, Becker FF. Regression and persistence of hyperplastic hepatic nodules induced by N-2-Fluorenylacetamide and their relationship to hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancer Res 1971; 31: 1-3.
  37. Bannasch P, Hacker HJ, Klimek F, Mayer D. Hepatocellular glycogenosis and related pattern of enzymatic changes during hepatocarcinogenesis. Adv Enzyme Regu. 1984; 22: 97-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/0065-2571(84)90010-4
  38. Reddy JK, Scarpelli DG, Subbarao V, Lalwani ND. Chemical carcinogens without mutagenic activity: peroxisome proliferators as a prototype. Toxicol Pathol 1983; 11: 172-80. https://doi.org/10.1177/019262338301100209
  39. Peraino C, Fry RJ, Staffeldt E. Reduction and enhancement by phenobarbital of hepatocarcinogenesis induced in the rat by 2-acetylaminofluorene. Cancer Res 1971 ; 31: 1506-12.
  40. Solt DB, Medline A, Farber E. Rapid emergence of carcinogen-induced hyperplastic lesions in a new model for the sequential analysis of liver carcinogenesis. Am J Pathol 1977; 88: 595-618.
  41. Sells MA, Katyal SL, Sell S, Shinozuka H, Lombardi B. Induction of foci of altered, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-positive hepatocytes in carcinogen-treated rats fed a choline-deficient diet. Br J Cancer 1979; 40: 274-83. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1979.176
  42. Rao PM, Nagamine K, Ho RK, et al. Dietary orotic acid enhances the incidence of gamma-glutamyltransferase positive foci in rat liver induced by chemical carcinogens. Carcinogenesis 1983; 4: 1541-5. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/4.12.1541
  43. Yokoyama S, Sells MA, Reddy TV, Lombardi B. Hepatocarcinogenic and promoting action of a choline-devoid diet in the rat. Cancer Res 1985; 45: 2834-42.
  44. Sato K, Satoh K, Tsuchida S, et al. Specific expression of glutathione S-transferase Pi forms in (pre) neoplastic tissues: their properties and functions. Tohoku J Exp Med 1992; 168: 97-103. https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.168.97
  45. Sato K, Kitahara A, Satoh K, Ishikawa T, Tatematsu M, Ito N. The placental form of glutathione S-transferase as a new marker protein for preneoplasia in rat chemical hepatocarcinogenesis. Gann 1984; 75: 199-202.
  46. Tsuchida S, Sato K. Glutathione transferases and cancer. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 1992; 27: 337-84. https://doi.org/10.3109/10409239209082566
  47. Park DY, Hwang SY, Suh KS. Expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and TGF-beta type II receptor in preneoplastic lesions during chemical hepatocarcinogenesis of rats. Toxicol Pathol 2001; 29: 541-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/019262301317226348
  48. HJ Lee, DY Park, KU Choi, et al. Expression of Fas/Fas ligand and its relationship with apoptosis in chemically induced preneoplastic lesions in rat liver. Korean J Pathol 2001; 35: 383-90.
  49. Bannasch P, Becker FF, Busey W, et al. Report of a workshop on classification of specific hepatocellular lesions in rats. Cancer Res 1975; 35: 3214-23.
  50. Pitot HC. Stage-specific gene expression during hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1996; 122: 257-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01261401