Journal of Veterinary Science

The Korean Society of Veterinary Science (대한수의학회)
권호 표지

The Effects of Korean Red Ginseng (Ginseng Radix Rubra) on liver Regeneration after Partial Hepatectomy in Dogs

Kwon, Young-Sam;Jang, Kwang-Ho;Jang, In-Ho

  • Published : 20030000
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We investigated the effects of the oral administration of Korean red ginseng (KRG) on morphologic change and function of liver in dogs. Fifteen adult mongrel dogs (n=15) were divided into three groups: a control group (40% hepatectomy, untreated), a 250 group (40% hepatectomy, 250 mg/kg of KRG, PO), and a 500 group (40% hepatectomy, 500 mg/kg of KRG, PO). The liver regeneration, histologic findings, CBe (WBC, RBC, PCV, and PLT), and liver function tests (AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, LDH, and T-bil) were examined during experiment. The liver regeneration rates were higher in treated groups than in the control group. But, there were no significant differences. All hematological values were within normal ranges except leukocyte counts for 3 days postoperatively. The levels of AST and ALT in the treated groups were significantly decreased compared to that in the control group (p<0.05). The numbers of degenerative cells and area of connective tissue were significantly decreased in the liver of the dog with KRG administration (P<0.01). On the basis of these results, we could conclude that KRG accelerate the liver regeneration and ameliorate the liver injury after hepatectomy in dogs.

Keywords

References

  1. Aiba, M., Takeyoshi, L., Ohwada, S., Kobayashi, J., Iwanami, K., Sunose, Y., Kawashima, Y., Mastumoto, K., Muramoto, M. and Morishita, Y. Optimal end point of FR167653 administration and expression of interleukin 8 messenger RNA on extended liver resection with ischemia in dogs. J. Am. ColI. Surg. 2000, 191, 251-258.
  2. Andiran, F., Ayhan, A., Tanyel, F.C., Abbasoglu, O. and Sayek, I. Regenerative capacities of normal and cirrhotic livers following 70% hepatectomy in rats and the effect of alpha-tocopherol on cirrhotic regeneration. J. Surg. Res. 2000, 89, 184-188.
  3. Breznock, E. M. Surgery of the Hepatic Parenchymal and Biliary Tissues. In: Bojrab, M. J. (ed.), Current Techniques in small animal surgery. 2nd ed. Philadelphia : Lea & Febiger. 1983, 212-225.
  4. Chen, X. Cardiovascular protection by ginsenosides and their nitric oxide releasing action. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 1996, 23, 728-732.
  5. Cui, X, Sakaguchi, T., Ishizuka, D., Tsukada, K. and Hatakeyama, K. Orally administered ginseng extract reduces serum total cholesterol and triglycerides that induce fatty liver in 66% hepatectomized rats. J. Int. Med. Res. 1998, 26, 181-187.
  6. Cui, X., Sakaguchi, T., Shirai, Y. and Hatakeyama, K. Orally administered Panax ginseng extract decreases platelet adhesiveness in 66% hepatectomized rats. Am. J. Chin. Med. 1999, 27, 251-256.
  7. Ethier, C., Kestekian, R., Beaulieu, C., Dube, C., Havrankova, J. and Gascon-Barre, M. Vitamin D depletion retards the normal regeneration process after partial hepatectomy in the rat. Endocrinology. 1990, 126, 2947-2959.
  8. Fishback, F. C. A morphologic study of regeneration of the liver after partial removal. Arch. Pathol. 1929, 7, 955-977
  9. Franeavilla, A., Panella, C., Polimeno, L., Giangaspero, A., Mazzaferro, V., Pan, C. E., Van Thiel, D. H. and Starzl, T. E. Hormonal and enzymatic parameters of hepatic regeneration in patients undergoing major liver resections. Hepatology. 1990, 12, 1134-1138.
  10. Franeavilla, A., Porter, K. A., Benichou, J., Jones, A. F. and Starzl, T. E. liver regeneration in dogs: morphologic and chemical changes. J. Surg. Res. 1978, 25, 409-419.
  11. Friedman, S. L. Seminars in medicine of the Beth Israel Hospital, Boston. The cellular basis of hepatic fibrosis. Mechanisms and treatment strategies. N. Engl. J. Med. 1993, 328, 1828-1835.
  12. Fujioka, T., Murakami, M., Niiya, T., Aoki, T., Murai, N., Enami, Y. and Kusano, M. Effect of methylprednisolone on the kinetics of cytokines and liver function of regenerating liver in rats. Hepatol. Res. 2001, 19, 60-73.
  13. Fuiita, J., Marino, M. W., Wada, H., Jungbluth, A. A., Mackrell, P. J., Rivadeneira, D. K., Stapleton, P. P. and Daly, J. M. Effect of TNF gene depletion on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice. Surgery. 2001, 129, 48-54.
  14. Furuta, K., Kakita, A., Takahashi, T., Tomiya, T. and Fuiiwara, K. Experimental study on liver regeneration after simultaneous partial hepatectomy and pancreatectomy. Hepatol. Res. 2000, 17, 223-236.
  15. Gaub, J. and Iversen, J. Rat liver regeneration after 90% partial hepatectomy. Hepatology. 1984, 4, 902-904.
  16. Gavino, V. C., Dillard, C. J. and Tappel, A. L. Effect of dietary vitamin E and santoquin on regenerating rat liver. Life. Sci. 1985, 36, 1771-1777.
  17. Gillis, C. N. Panax ginseng pharmacology : a nitric oxide link? Biochem. Pharmacol. 1997, 54, 1-8.
  18. Gu, M., Takada, Y., Fukunaga, K., Ishiguro, S., Taniguehi, H., Seino, K., Yuzawa, K., Otsuka, M., Todoroki, T. and Fukao, K. Role of platelet-activating factor in hepatectomy with Pringle's maneuver. J. Surg. Res. 2001, 96, 233-238.
  19. Han, K. H., Choe, S. C., Kim, H. S., Sohn, D. W., Nam, K. Y., Oh, B. H., Lee, M. M., Park, Y. B., Choi, Y.S., Seo, J. D. and Lee, Y. W. Effect of red ginseng on blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension and white coat hypertension. Am. J. Chin. Med. 1998, 26, 199-209.
  20. Higgins, G. M. and Anderson, R. M. Experimental pathology of the liver:Restoration of the liver of the white rat following partial surgical removal. Arch. Pathol. 1931, 12, 186-202.
  21. Ito, A. and Higashiguchi, T. Effects of glutamine administration on liver regeneration following hepatectomy. Nutrition. 1999, 15, 23-28.
  22. Jeon, B. H., Kim, C. S., Park, K. S., Lee, J. W., Park, J. B., Kim, K. J., Kim, S. H., Chang, S. J. and Nam, K. Y. Effect of Korea red ginseng on the blood pressure in conscious hypertensive rats. Gen. Pharmacol. 2000, 35, 135-141.
  23. Jeong, T. C., Kim, H. J., Park, J. I., Ha. C. S., Park, J. D., Kim, S. I. and Roh, J. K. Protective effects of red ginseng saponins against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague Dawley rats. Planta. Med. 1997, 63, 136-140.
  24. Jung, N. P. and Jin, S. H. Studies on the physiological and biochemical effects of Korean ginseng. Korean. J. Ginseng. Sci. 1996, 20, 431-471.
  25. Kaido, T., Seto, S., Yamaoka, S., Yoshikawa, A. and Imanwra, M. Perioperative continuous hepatocyte growth factor supply prevents postoperative liver failure in rats with liver cirrhosis. J. Surg. Res. 1998, 74, 173-178.
  26. Kameoka, N., Nimura, Y., Sato, T., Kato, M., Yasui, A. and Kondo, S. Postprandial responses of liver blood flow prior to and following hepatectomy in conscious dogs. J. Surg. Res. 1996, 61, 437-443.
  27. Kim, H., Chen, X. and Gillis, C. N. Ginsenosides protect pulmonary vascular endothelium against free radicalinduced injury. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1992, 189, 670-676.
  28. Kim, Y. I., Calne, R. Y. and Nagasue, N. Cyclosporin A stimulates proliferation of the liver cells after partial hepatectomy in rats. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 1988, 166, 317-322.
  29. Konoshima, T., Thkasaki, M., Tokuda, H., Nishino, H., Due, N.M., Kasai, R. and Yamasaki, K. Anti-tumorpromoting activity of majonoside-R2 from Vietnamese ginseng, Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. (I). BioI. Pharm. Bull. 1998, 21, 834-838.
  30. Lewis, D D., Bellenger, C. R., Lewis, D. T. and Latter, M. R. a Hepatic lobectomy in the dog. A comparison of stapling and ligation techniques. Vet. Surg. 1990, 19, 221-225.
  31. Matsuda, H., Samukawa, K. and Kubo, M. Antihepatitic activity of ginsenoside Ro. Planta. Med. 1991, 57, 523-526.
  32. Morii, Y., Kawano, K., Kim, Y. I., Aramaki, M., Yoshida, T. and Kitano, S. Augmentative effect of cyclosporin A on rat liver regeneration: influence on hepatocyte growth factor and transforming growth factor- beta(1). Eur. Surg. Res. 1999, 31, 399-405.
  33. Nagao, M., Isaji, S., Iwata, M. and Kawarada, Y. The remnant liver dysfunction after 84% hepatectomy in dogs. Hepatogastroenterology. 2000, 47, 1564-1569.
  34. Odashima, S., Ohta, T., Kohno, H. Matsuda, T., Kitagawa, I., Abe, H.and Arichi, S. Control of phenotypic expression of cultured B16 melanoma cells by plant glycosides. Cancer. Res. 1985, 45, 2781-2784
  35. Ohnishi, Y., Takagi, S., Miura, T., Usami, M. Kako, M, Ishihara, E., Yano, H. Tanigawa, K. nd Seino, Y. Effect of ginseng radix on GLUT2 protein content in mouse liver in normal and epinephrine-induced hyper-gycemic mice. BioI. Pharm. Bull. 1996, 19, 1238-1240.
  36. Ohnishi, T., Yogita, S., Tashiro, S., Chone, Y., Kitaura, K. Hino, A.and Izumi, K. Effects of tacrolimus(FK506) on induction of glutathione S-transferase P-positive foci and liver cell regeneration after partial hepatectomy in F334 rats. Hepatol. Res. 1998, 10, 58-65.
  37. Rasmussen, T. N., -Jorgensen, P. E., Almdal, T., Poulsen, S. S. and Olsen, P. S. Effect of gastrin on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats. Gut. 1990, 31, 92-95.
  38. Sakamoto, T., Liu, Z., Murase, N., Ezure, T., Yokomuro, S., Poli, V. and Demetris, A. J. Mitosis and apoptosis in the liver of interleukin-6-deficient mice after partial hepatectomy. Hepatology. 1999, 29, 403-411.
  39. Sanada, S., Shoji, J. and Shibata, S. Quantitative analysis of ginseng saponins. Yakugaku. Zasshi. 1978, 98, 1048-1054.
  40. Sigel, B. Partial hepatectomy in the dog. Arch. Surg. 1963, 87, 788-791.
  41. Suh, H. W., Song, D. K. and Kim, Y. H. Effects of ginsenosides injected intrathecally or intracerebroventricularly on antinociception induced by morphine administrated intracerebroventricularly in the mouse. Gen. Pharmacol. 1997, 29, 873-877.
  42. Tamura, F., Masuhara, A., Sakaida, I., Fukumoto, E., Nakamura, T. and Okita, K. FK506 promotes liver regeneration by suppressing natural killer cell activity. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 1998, 13, 703-708.
  43. Toyoki, Y., Yoshihara, S., Sasaki, M. and Konn, M. Characterization of glycosaminoglycans in regenerating canine liver. J. Hepatol. 1997, 26, 1135-1140.
  44. Tsang, D., Yeung, H.W., Tso, W.W., Peck, H. Ginseng saponins, influence on neurotransmitter uptake in rat brain synaptosomes. Planta. Med. 1985, 221-224.
  45. Tsujii, H., Okamoto, Y., Kikuchi, E., Matsumoto, M. and Nakano, H. Prostaglandin E2 and rat liver regeneration. Gastroenterology. 1993, 105, 495-499.
  46. Van Moor, G. Caveolin, cholesterol, and lipid droplets? J. Cell. BioI. 2001, 152, 29-34.
  47. Van Noorden, C. J., Vogels, I. M, Fronik, G., Hout-kooper, J. M. and James, J. Ploidy class-dependent metabolic changes in rat hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy. Exp. Cell. Res. 1985, 161., 551-557.
  48. Zhang, Y. G. and Liu, T. P. Influences of ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 on reversible focal brain ischemia in rats. Zhongguo. Yao. Li. Xue. Bao. 1996, 17, 44-48.