In Situ PCR on the Glass Slide Using the Conventional DNA Thermal Cycler

기존의 핵산증폭기를 사용한 유리슬라이드상에서의 원위치 중합효소 연쇄반응

  • Published : 2003.09.01

Abstract

In order to establish effective in situ PCR on the glass slide using the conventional DNA thermal cycler, several parameters should be considered. These include full accessibility of PCR reagents into the cells, prevention of diffusing PCR products out of the cells, loss of PCR reagents by nonspecific adherence onto the glass slide, dryness of PCR reagents by heat, and heat conductivity from the heat block to the glass slide. Especially, to guarantee the full accessibility of PCR reagents to sample, relatively higher concentration of PCR reagents (particularly 4.5 mM of $Mg^{++}$) was required while 5 to 10 units/50 ${\mu}l$ reaction of Taq enzyme was enough as long as the step of pre-PCR incubation was included. Dryness of sample was prevented by addition of distilled water into the empty slots in the heat block, thereby providing the reproducible temperature-time profile of PCR. Observed temperature was lower than the programmed temperature by 3 to $4^{\circ}C$.

기존의 핵산증폭기를 사용하여 유리 슬라이드상에서의 효과적인 원위치 중합효소 연쇄반응(in situ PCR)을 수행하기 위해서는 여러 가지 조건들을 고려해야 하는데, 이러한 조건에는 PCR 용액의 세포속으로의 침투, 증폭된 PCR산물의 세포외 유출의 방지, PCR용 액 성분의 유리슬라이드로의 비특이적 부착으로 인한 손실, 열에 의한 시약의 증발, heat block으로부터 슬라이드로의 열전도성 둥이 있다. 특히 PCR용액 성분의 세포내로의 침투를 보장하기 위해서는 다소 높은 농도의 PCR 용액성분(특히 4.5 mM $MgCl_{2}$ 농도)이 필요하였고, Taq 효소는 PCR전 처리(pre-PCR incubation)를 수행하는 경우,50 ${\mu}l$ 반응당 5~10 units이면 충분하였다. 또한 PCR의 전형적인 온도-시간 양상(temperature-time profile)을 만족시키기 위해서는 먼저 샘플의 건조화를 방지해야 하는데, 이를 위해서 heat block속의 빈 공간에 적당량의 물을 첨가했고, 설정온도와 실제온도를 측정해본 결과 약3~$4^{\circ}C$의 차이가 있었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Mol. Biotechnol. v.19 Strategies for signal amplification in nucleic acid detection Andras,S.C.;J.B.Power;E.C.Cocking;M.R.Davey https://doi.org/10.1385/MB:19:1:029
  2. J. Immunol. Meth. v.158 Polymerase chain reaction in situ: intracellular amplification and detection of HIV-1 proviral DNA and specific genes Bagasra,O.;T.Seshamma;R.J.Pomerantz https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(93)90265-9
  3. J. Histochem. Cytochem. v.40 Intracellular amplification of proviral DNA in tissue sections using the polymerase chain reaction Chiu,L.P.;S.H.Cohen;D.W.Morris;G.W.Jordan https://doi.org/10.1177/40.3.1313061
  4. Scanning Microsc. Suppl. v.10 In situ hybridization, in situ transcription, and in situ polymerase chain reaction De Bault,L.E.;J.Gu
  5. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA v.90 Analysis of human immunodeficiency virus-infected tissues by amplification and in situ hybridization reveals latent and permissive infections at single-cell resolution Embretson,J.;M.Zupancic;J.Beneke;M.Till;S.Wolinsky;J.L.Ribas;A.Burke;A.T.Haase https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.1.357
  6. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA v.87 Amplification and detection of lentiviral DNA inside cells Haase,A.T.;E.F.Retzel;K.A.Staskus
  7. Virchows Archiv. B. Cell. Pathol. v.64 In situ polymerase chain reaction. An overview of methods, applications and limitations of a new molecular technique Komminoth,P.;A.A.Long
  8. Diagn. Mol. Pathol. v.1 In situ polymerase chain reaction detection of viral DNA, sigle-copy genes, and gene rearrangements in cell suspensions and cytospins Komminoth,P.;A.A.Long;R.Ray;H.J.Wolfe https://doi.org/10.1097/00019606-199203000-00014
  9. Kor. J. Microbiol. v.37 Methods of in situ PCR to retain the amplification products inside the cells Lee,J.Y.
  10. J. Microbiol. v.40 Evaluation of several parameters of in situ polymerase chain reaction(ISPCR) to reduce the leakage of amplificants from the cells Lee,J.Y.;J.K.Auh;G.W.Jordan
  11. Cytometry v.36 Effects of thermal exposure on immunophenotyping combined with in situ PCR, measured by flow cytometry Mutty,C.E.;E.A. Timm Jr.;C.C.Stewart https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0320(19990801)36:4<303::AID-CYTO4>3.0.CO;2-#
  12. Am. J. Pathol. v.139 An improved technique for the in situ detection of DNA after polymerase chain reaction amplification Nuovo,G.J.;F.Gallery;P.MacConnell;J.Becker;W.Bloch
  13. Histochem. Cell Biol. v.111 In situ polymerase chain reaction and cycling primed in situ amplification: improvements and adaptations Paskins,L.;J.Brownie;J.Bull https://doi.org/10.1007/s004180050375
  14. Cell Mol. Biol. Lett. v.7 A useful protocol for in situ RT-PCR on plant tissues Urbanczyk-Wochniak,E.;M.Filipecki;Z.Przybecki