Physicochemical characteristics and optimal drying temperature condition of Agaricus(Agaricus Blazei) mushroom

건조 아가리쿠스의 품질 특성 및 최적 건조 온도

  • 유범열 (전남대학교 식품공학과공, 농업과학기술연구소) ;
  • 장미순 (전남대학교 식품공학과공, 농업과학기술연구소) ;
  • 은종방 (전남대학교 식품공학과공, 농업과학기술연구소)
  • Published : 2003.12.01

Abstract

As its high functional properties to be used as medicine or food, the cultivation of Agaricus mushroom has been expanded and iぉ commercialization required better storage methods that can extend its functional and nutritional value for longer period. We selected drying as the most plausible method to meet such requirement, and several drying conditions were investigated to locate the optimum drying condition that can be used to keep the quality of mushroom. Drying temperature of 50$^{\circ}C$, 60$^{\circ}C$, 100$^{\circ}C$ were selected to trace the drying time required to achieve the moisture content of mushrooms less than 10%. The drying temperature at 50$^{\circ}C$ required 29 hrs of drying time, while 100$^{\circ}C$ required only 10 hrs of drying tune. However, their quality characteristics on the following categories, on the degree of browning and color were investigated to find the optimum drying condition. In addition, sensory evaluation was conducted to evaluate the quality of dried mushrooms produced by each drying condition. The browning of the mushroom was evidently increased as the higher drying temperature was used and 50$^{\circ}C$ drying produced the most desirable quality of all in pileus or stipe. The aeon of browning intensified by drying temperature was comparable to the result of whiteness index value, which resulted lower L values as drying temperature increased. and the 50$^{\circ}C$ drying resulted the most highest L values among all drying samples. As the browning and whiteness results implied, the sensory evaluation result gathered from the present research indicated that the 50$^{\circ}C$ drying was the most favorable drying condition by scoring the most highest average scores on flavors, color, appearance, and overall acceptability conducted by the 10 evaluation panels.

아가리쿠스 버섯에 있어 각 온도별 건조 품질을 살펴보았다. 우선 갓과 대의 건조시간은 5$0^{\circ}C$에서 모두 29시간이었으며 10$0^{\circ}C$의 경우 갓과 대 모두 10시간 소요되었으며 실온에서 음건할 때에는 갓과 대가 모두 3일 정도 소요되었다. 수분감소율은 온도가 높을수록 켰으며, 부위별로는 5$0^{\circ}C$에서 초기감소율이 갓보다 대가 크게 나타났으며 최종수분함량은 갓이 대보다 적었다. 반면에 10$0^{\circ}C$와 실온에서 갓의 수분감소율이 켰으며, 최종수분함량은 갓이 적었다. 수분활성도는 갓과 대가 모두 실온에서 음건, 5$0^{\circ}C$, 10$0^{\circ}C$의 순으로 낮았다. 수화복원력은 갓과 대 모두가 건조온도와는 관계없었으며, 실온에서 침지 120분까지 급격히 증가하여 이때에 최대치를 나타내었다. 색도는 갓에서의 전체적으로 건조 온도가 상승함에 따라 백색도를 나타내는 L 값이 낮아지는 것으로 조사되었다. 세부적으로는 L 값이 5$0^{\circ}C$에서의 시료가 가장 높았고 생것이 가장 낮았다. a 값은 생시료가 가장 높았고, 10$0^{\circ}C$ 건조시료가 가장 낮았다. b 값은 10$0^{\circ}C$에서 건조시료가 가장 높았고 생것이 가장 낮았다. 갈변도는 건조온도가 높을수록 높았으며 갓이 대보다 켰다. 이는 온도 상승이 건조 아가리쿠스의 품질을 저하한다는 것을 보여주었다. 관능검사결과 건조온도가 상승함에 따라 색과 외관품질이 떨어지는 것으로 조사되었다. 하지만 향에 있어서 건조 온도가 5$0^{\circ}C$이상에서 전체적으로 좋은 향이 나오는 것으로 확인되었다 결과적으로 5$0^{\circ}C$의 건조온도에서 아가리쿠스를 열풍 건조하는 것이 경제적 뿐만 아니라 품질면에서 가장 좋은 조건이라 조사되었다. 뿐만 아니라 아가리쿠스의 약리성분들은 열에 강한 특성이 있으므로 5$0^{\circ}C$에서 건조하여도 충분히 기능성 및 약리성에 영향이 없을 것으로 사료되었다. 하지만 앞으로 아가리쿠스의 약리성분을 중심으로 조에 온도에 따른 영향을 조사하여 적정온도를 결정할 수 있는 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다.

Keywords

References

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