Extraction of Glycyrrhizic Acid from Licorice using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide/Aqueous Ethanol

초임계 이산화탄소/에탄올을 이용한 감초의 Glycyrrhizic acid 추출

  • 김현석 (수원대학교 화학공학과, 경희대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 김병용 (경희대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 이상윤 (수원대학교 화학공학과, 연세대학교 화학공학과) ;
  • 김우식 (연세대학교 화학공학과) ;
  • 이은규 (한양대학교 화학공학과) ;
  • 유종훈 (수원대학교 화학공학과) ;
  • 임교빈 (수원대학교 화학공학과)
  • Published : 2003.10.01

Abstract

The extraction of glycyrrhizic acid from licorice using supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO$_2$) was investigated with respect to the effects of extraction parameters such as the kind and amount of modifier, temperature, pressure, and extraction time. The conventional organic solvent extraction was also conducted for a quantitative comparison. The content of glycyrrhizic acid in crude extracts was analyzed by HPLC and the yield of glycyrrhizic acid was computed as a weight percent recovery. The optimal pressure and temperature for SCCO$_2$ extraction were found to be 40 MPa and 80$^{\circ}C$, respectively, when SCCO$_2$ was modified with 70% aqueous ethanol. Under the same pressure and temperature, the highest recovery was attained to be 104.57% in the first 60 min when the concentration of 60%, aqueous ethanol in SCCO$_2$ was 15%.

초임계 이산화탄소를 이용하여 감초의 glycyrrhizic acid를 추출하기 위하여 일정 유속 (3 mL/min)에서 추출온도와 압력 보조용매의 종류와 첨가량에 대한 효과를 조사하여 보았다. 순수한 초임계 이산화탄소만을 사용해서 감초로부터 glycyrrhizic acid를 거의 추출할 수 없었다. 99.9% methanol, ethanol과 isopropanol을 보조용매로 초임계 이산화탄소에 첨가하여 추출한 경우, 추출수율의 증대에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 70% (v/v) aqueous methanol, ethanol과 isopropanol을 이산화탄소에 10% (v/v)으로 첨가한 경우에는 급격한 수율의 증대를 볼 수 있었고, 70% (v/v) aqueous methanol을 첨가하였을 때가 96.62 wt%로 가장 높은 회수율을 나타내었다. 한편, 70% (v/v) aqueous ethanol을 보조용매로 사용한 경우의 가장 높은 회수율과 빠른 추출속도를 나타낸 추출압력과 추출온도는 각각 40 MPa과 8$0^{\circ}C$였고, 이 조건하에서 다양한 농도의 aqueous ethanol (50∼90% (v/v))을 보조용매로 사용하였을 때 60% (v/v) aqueous ethanol을 보조용매로 첨가한 경우가 104.11 wt%로 가장 높은 회수율과 빠른 추출속도를 나타내었다. 또한 이산화탄소에 대한 60% (v/v) aqueous ethanol의 첨가량은 15% (v/v)을 첨가하였을 때 60분 내에 최고 회수율 (104.57 wt%)에 도달하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Anal. Chem. v.68 Supercritical fluid chromatography and extraction Chester,T.L.;J.D.Pinkston;D.E.Raynie
  2. Food Chem. v.52 Applications for supercritical fluid technology in food processing Palmer,M.V.;S.S.T.Ting
  3. Food Technol. Supercritical fluid extraction: fundamental principles and modeling methods Rizvi,S.S.H.;A.L.Benado;J.A.Zollweg;J.A.Daniels
  4. J. Chrom. v.936 no.A Supercritical fluid extraction and chromatography for fat-soluble vitamin analysis Charlotta,T.;W.K.Jerry;M.Lennart
  5. Talanta v.53 Supercritical fluid extraction in herbal and natural product studies-a practical review Lang,Q.;C.M.Wai
  6. Phytochem. Anal. v.7 Analytical supercritical fluid extraction of natural products William,K.M.;A.M.Dulcie;W.R.Mark
  7. Talanta v.46 Supercritical fluid extraction of phenol compunds from olive leaves Floch,F.L.;M.T.Tena;A.Rios;M.Valcarcel
  8. Kor. J. Biotechnol. Bioeng. v.14 Supercritical CO₂ extraction of genistein from soybean Boo,S.J.;S.Y.Byun
  9. Kor. J. Biotechnol. Bioeng. v.16 Ethanol modified supercritical CO₂ extraction of daidzein from soybean Boo,S.J.;S.Y.Byun
  10. Kor. J. Biotechnol. Bioeng. v.11 Studies on the supercritical fluid extraction of taxol from yew tree Suh,J.H.;B.K.Cho;S.Y.Byun;K.H.Kim
  11. J. Chrom. v.830 no.A Supercritical fluid extraction of flavonoids from Scutellariae Radix Lin,M.C.;M.J.Tsai;K.C.Wen
  12. J. Chrom. v.505 no.A Extraction of major alkaloids from poppy straw with near critical mixtures of carbon dioxide and polar mixtures Janicot,J.L.;M.Caude;R.Rosset
  13. Chrom. v.50 Selective extraction of Ephedrine from Ephedra sinica using mixtures of CO₂diethylamine, and methanol Choi,Y.H.;J.Kim;Y.C.Kim;K.P.Yoo
  14. Food Chem. v.38 Liquorice, Glycyrrhiza glabra L.-composition, uses and analysis Fenwick,G.R.;J.Lutomski;C.Nieman
  15. J. Sci. Food Agri. v.77 Mono-ammonium glycyrrhizinate stability in aqueous buffer solutions Celine,A.C.;J.C.Laurence;M.P.Francoise;M.R.H.Yannick
  16. Int. J. Pharma. v.119 Antiulcer activities of liquorice and its derivatives in experimental gastric lesion induced by ibuprofen in rats Dehpour,A.R.;M.E.Zolfaghari;T.Samadian;F.Kobarfard;M.Faizi;M.Assari
  17. Cancer Lett. v.145 Effect of liquorice and glycyrrhizin on rat liver carcinogen metab-olizing enzymes Paolini,M.;J.Barillari;M.Broccoli;L.Pozzetti;P.Perocco;G.Cantelli-Forti
  18. Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter v.100 A study on in virto cultivation of Glycyrrhiza galbra Dimitrova,D.;K.Vabanova;L.Paeva;S.Angelova;Y.Guteva
  19. J. Food Eng. v.47 Supercritical CO₂extraction of nimbin from neem seeds - an experimental study Pathumthip,T.;C.Supaporn;D.Peter;L.Wilai