Ocean and Polar Research

Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (한국해양과학기술원)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on Geotechnical Properties of Deep-sea Sediments in Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone of NE Pacific

북동태평양 클라리온-클리퍼톤 지역 심해저 표층 퇴적물의 지질공학적 특성 연구

  • 지상범 (한국해양연구원 해양자원연구본부 심해저자원연구센터) ;
  • 오재경 (인하대학교 해양학과) ;
  • 이현복 (한국해양연구원 해양자원연구본부 심해저자원연구센터) ;
  • 김기현 (한국해양연구원 해양자원연구본부 심해저자원연구센터)
  • Published : 2003.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Deep-sea surface sediments were collected using a multiple corer at 20 stations of Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone in the northeast equatorial Pacific to understand latitudinal and longitudinal variations of geotechnical properties. There was a distinct latitudinal variation of geotechnical properties in the study area. The northern sediments showed finer grain size, lower water content and porosity, higher bulk density and specific grain density, lower liquid limits and plastic limits than their southern counterparts. The northern sediments are classified into inorganic clays of low plasticity (fat clays) on plasticity charts and normal to active clay on activity chart, whereas, the southern sediments are classified into fine-grained, highly-plastic, inorganic and biogenic silt or organic clays on plasticity chart and normal to very active clay on activity chart. When shear strength are considered, the northern sediments were found to be in unconsolidated states, while the southern ones to be normal to over-consolidated states. These latitudinal variations in sediment characteristics are likely caused by differences in productivity of surface water that controls sediment compositions, sedimentation rates, and grain solubility.

Keywords

References

  1. 과학기술처. 1998. 심해저 광물자원 개발기술 및 환경보전 연구, 1권. BSPN 96331-00-1025-7. 335 p.
  2. 이희준. 1991. 한국 주변해역 퇴적물의 지질공학적 성질과 퇴적작용과의 관계. 서울대학교 대학원 박사학위논문. 291 p.
  3. 지상범. 1994. 북적도 태평양 심해저 퇴적물과 망간단괴의 지질공학적 특성 및 음향특성. 인하대학교 석사학위논문. 86 p.
  4. 지상범, 정회수, 김현섭, 문재운. 1999. 북동태평양 KODOS 지역 심해저 퇴적물의 베인 전단강도 측정방법에 따른 결과비교. 한국해양학회지, 4, 390-399.
  5. 지상범, 김기현, 문재운, 이경용, 손승규, 오재경. 2000. 북동태평양 KODOS 지역 심해저 퇴적물의 지질공학적 특성. 한국해양학회지, 5, 320-334.
  6. 해양수산부. 1998. 심해저 광물자원 탐사 보고서, 1권. BSPM 98001-01-1117-7. 1209 p.
  7. 해양수산부. 2001. 심해저 광물자원 탐사 보고서, 1권. CRPM088-00-1387-5. 559 p.
  8. 해양수산부. 2002. 심해저 광물자원 탐사 보고서, 1권. CRPM137-00-1503-5. 683 p.
  9. Almagor, G. 1982. Marine geotechnical studies at continental margins: a review - Part I. Appl. Ocean Res., 4, 92-98.
  10. ASTM. 1980. Annual book of ASTM standards, part 19, natural building stones: Soil and rocks. American Society for Testing Materials. Philadelphia. 632 p.
  11. Baltzer, A., P. Cochonat, and D.J.W. Piper. 1994. In situ geotechnical characterization of sediments on the Nova Scotian Slope, eastern Canadian continental margin. Mar. Geol., 120, 291-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(94)90063-9
  12. Baraza, J., G. Ercilla, and H.J. Lee. 1992. Geotechnical properties and preliminary assessment of sediment stability on the continental slope of the Northwestern Alboran Sea. Geo-Mar. Lett., 12, 150-156. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02084926
  13. Bennett, R.H. and G.H. Keeler. 1970. Mass property variability in three closely spaced deep-sea sediment cores. J. Sediment. Petrol., 40, 1038-1043.
  14. Bennett, R.H., G.L. Freeland, D.N. Lambert, W.B. Sawyer, and G.H. Keller. 1980. Geotechnical properties of surficial sediments in a mega-corridor: U.S. Atlantic continental slope, rise, and deep-sea basin. Mar. Geol., 38, 123-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(80)90055-9
  15. Bennett, R.H., L. Lehman, M.H. Hulbert, G.R. Harvey, S.A. Bush, E.B. Forde, P. Crews, and W.B. Sawyer. 1985. Interrelationships of organic carbon and submarine sediment geotechnical properties. Mar. Geotechnol., 6, 61-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641198509388180
  16. Bennett, R.H., N.R., O'Brien, and M.H. Hulbert. 1991. Determinants of clay and shale microfabric signatures: processes and mechanisms, Microstructure of Fine-Grained Sediments: From Mud to Shale. Springer-Verlag, London. 5-32.
  17. Berger, W.H., C.G. Adeleck, and L.A. Mayer. 1976. Distribution of carbonate in surface sediment of the Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 81, 2617-2627. https://doi.org/10.1029/JC081i015p02617
  18. Brown, J., A. Colling, D. Park, J. Phillips, D. Rothery, and J. Write. 1989. Ocean chemistry and deep-sea sediments. ed. by G. Bearman. Pergamon Press. 134 p.
  19. Cernica, J.N. 1995. Geotechnical Engineering: Soil Mechanics. John Wilwy & Sons, Inc., New York. 453 p.
  20. Chester, R. 1990. Marin geochemistry. Unwin Press, London. 698 p.
  21. Cochonat, P., J.F. Bourillet, B. Savoye, and L. Dodd. 1993. Geotechnical characteristics and instability of submarine slope sediments, the Nice Slope(N-W Mediterranean Sea). Mar. Georesour. Geotechnol., 11, 131-151. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641199309379912
  22. Craig, J.D. 1979. Geological investigation of the equatorial north Pacific seafloor : a discussion of sediment redistribution. p. 529-557. In: Marine geology and oceanography of the Pacific manganese nodule province. eds. by Bischoff, J.L. and D.Z. Piper. Plenum Press, New York.
  23. Edmond, J.M., Y.C. Chung, and J.G. Sclater. 1971. Pacific bottom water: penetration east around Hawaii. J. Geophys. Res., 76, 8089-8097. https://doi.org/10.1029/JC076i033p08089
  24. Fork, R.L. 1968. Petrology of Sediment. Rocks. Hemphills' Pub. Co., Austin. 170 p.
  25. Fuller, J.T. 1975. Behavior of Mechanical Elements in submerged clays of lower shear strength, Off. Tech. Conf., No. OTC 2242, Dallas.
  26. Hagerty, R. 1974. Usefulness of spade cores for geotechnical studies and some results from the northeast Pacific. p. 169-186. In: Deep-Sea sediments: physical and mechanical properties. ed. by A.L. Inderbitzen. Plenum Press, New York.
  27. Halbach, P. and M. Ozkara. 1979. Morphological and geochemical classification of deep-sea ferromanganese nodules and its genetic interpretation. p. 77-88. In: La Genese des Nodules de Manganese. ed. by C. Lalou. Proc. Colloq. Int. CNRS, 289.
  28. Hayes, J.D., T. Saito, N.D. Opdyke, and L.H. Bruckle. 1969. Pliocene-Pleistocene sediments of the equatorial Pacific: their paleomagnetic, biostragraphic, and climatic record. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 80, 1481-1514. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[1481:PSOTEP]2.0.CO;2
  29. Hein, J.R., H.W. Yeh, and E. Alexander. 1979. Origin of iron-rich montmorillonite from the manganese nodule belt of the North equatorial Pacific. Clays and Clay Miner., 27, 185-194. https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1979.0270303
  30. Hirst, T.J. and A.F. Richird. 1975. Analysis of deep-sea nodule mining - seafloor interaction, Off. Tech. Conf., No. OTC 2241.
  31. Inderbitzen, A.L. 1970. Empirical relationships between massphysical properties for recent marine sediments off Southern California. Mar. Geol., 9, 311-329. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(70)90021-6
  32. Johson, D.A. and T.C. Johnson. 1970. Sediment redistribution by bottom currents in the central Pacific. Deep-sea Res., 17, 157-169.
  33. Johnson, D.A. 1972. Ocean-floor erosion in the equatorial Pacific. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 83, 3121-3144. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[3121:OEITEP]2.0.CO;2
  34. Johnson, T.C., E.L. Hamilton, and W.H. Berger. 1977. Physical properties of calcareous ooze: control by dissolution at depth. Mar. Geol., 24, 259-277. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(77)90071-8
  35. Jeong, K.S., J.K. Kang, K.Y. Lee, H.S. Jung, S.B. Chi, and S.J. Ahn. 1996. Formation and distribution of manganese nodule deposit in the northwestern margin of Clarion-Clipperton fracture zones, northeast equatorial Pacific, Geo-Mar. Lett., 16, 123-131. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02202607
  36. Jung, H.S. and C.B. Lee. 1999. Growth of diagenetic ferromanganese nodules in an oxic deep sea sedimentary environment, NE equatorial Pacific. Mar. Geol., 157, 127-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00154-6
  37. Jung, H.S., K.S. Jung, Y.S. Chu, S.H. Park, and K.H. Kim. 2001. Role of siliceous fossil disolution in downcore variations of grain size and water content: western margin of Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone, NE equatorial Pacific. Mar. Georesour. Geotechnol., 19, 181-195. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641190109353812
  38. Kadko, D. 1985. Late Cenozoic sedimentation and metal deposition in the north Pacific. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 49, 651-661. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(85)90160-7
  39. Keller, G.H. and Y. Yincan. 1985. Geotechnical properties of surface and near-surface deposits in the East China Sea. Cont. Shelf Res., 4, 159-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-4343(85)90027-5
  40. Kennett, J.P. 1982. Marine geology. Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 813 p.
  41. Lee, H.J. and J.E. Clausner. 1979. Seafloor soil sampling and geotechnical parameter determination-handbook, Technical Report Civil Engineering Laboratory, Naval Construction Battalion Center.121 p.
  42. Lee, H.J., S.K. Chough, K.S. Jeong, and S.J. Han. 1987. Geotechnical properties of sediment cores from Southeastern Yellow Sea: Effects of depositional process. Mar. Geotechnol., 7, 37-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641198709388204
  43. Mantyla, A.W. 1975. On the potential temperature in the abyssal Pacific Ocean. J. Mar. Res., 33, 341-354.
  44. Moore, D.G. 1962. Bearing strength and other physical properties of some shallow and deep-sea sediments from the North Pacific. Geolog. Soc. Amer. Bull., 73, 1163-1166. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1962)73[1163:BSAOPP]2.0.CO;2
  45. Muller, P.J. and A. Mangani. 1980. Organic carbon decomposition rates in sediments of the Pacific manganese nodule belt dated by Th-230 and Pa-231. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 51, 94-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(80)90259-9
  46. Piper, D.Z., W. Cannon, and K. Leong. 1977. Composition and abundance of ferromanganese nodules at DOMES Sites A, B, and C: relationship with bathymetry and stratigraphy. p. 77-778. In: Deep Ocean Environmental Study: Geology and Geochemistry of DOMES A, B, and C, Equatorial Pacific, USGS Open-File Report. ed. by D.Z. Piper. Menlo Park, 217.
  47. Piper, D.Z. and M.E. Williamson. 1977. Composition of Pacific Ocean feromanganese nodules. Mar. Geol., 23, 285-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(77)90036-6
  48. Piper, D.Z. and J.R. Blueford. 1982. Distribution, mineralogy, and texture of manganese nodules and their relation to sedimentation at DOMES Site A in the equatorial north Pacific. Deep-sea Res., 29, 927-952. https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(82)90019-X
  49. Richards, A.F. and R.C. Chaney. 1981. Present and future geotechnical research needs in deep ocean mining. Mar. Mining, 2, 315-337.
  50. Shepard, F.P. 1954. Nomenclature based on sand-silt-clay ratios. J. Sediment. Petrol., 24, 151-158.
  51. Skempton, A.W. 1953. The colloidal activity of clays, p. 57 In: Proc. 3rd International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Zurich, 1.
  52. Skornyakova, N.S. and I.O. Murdmaa. 1992. Local variations in distribution and composition of ferromanganese nodules in the Clarion-Clipperton nodule province. Mar. Geol., 103, 381-405. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(92)90028-G
  53. Thiel, H. and G. Schriever. 1993. Environmental consequences of deep-sea mining. Internat. Challenges, 13, 54-70.
  54. Tsurusaki, K., T. Yamazaki, and K. Handa. 1994. Geotechnical properties of deep-sea sediments and manganese nodules in the Penrhyn Basin, South Pacific. p. 225-240. In: Mar. Geol., Geophysics and Manganese Nodule Deposits in the Penrhyn Basin, South Pacific. ed. by Usui A. Geological Survey of Japan Cruise Report, 23.
  55. van Andel, Tj.H., G.R. Heath, and T.C. Moore Jr. 1975. Cenozoic History and Paleoceanography of the Central Equatorial Pacific Ocean, Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem., 143, 1-134. https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM143-p1
  56. Volet, J., L. Pastouret, and C. Vergnaud-Granzzini. 1980. Dissolution and carbonate fluctuations in Pleistocene deep-sea cores: A review. Mar. Geol., 34, 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(80)90138-3

Cited by

  1. Classification of Deep-sen Sediment by Geotechnical Properties from the KODOS Area in the C-C Zone of the Northeast Equatorial Pacific vol.25, pp.4, 2003, https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2003.25.4.529
  2. Regional Variability of Manganese Nodule Facies in the KR1 Area in KODOS Area, Northeastern Equatorial Pacific vol.45, pp.5, 2012, https://doi.org/10.9719/EEG.2012.45.5.477
  3. Regional Occurrence and Sedimentary Environment of Manganese Nodule in KODOS area, C-C zone of NE Pacific vol.25, pp.3, 2003, https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2003.25.3.257