The Characteristics of Winter Lightning Observed in the Mid-western Part of Japan

일본 중서부지방에서 발생하는 동계 뇌 방전의 특징

  • Lee, Jong-Ho (Remote Sensing Division, Korea Meteorological Administration) ;
  • Kawasaki, Z. (Department of Electrical Engineering, Osaka University) ;
  • Ryu, Chan-Su (Department of Earth Science, Chosun University)
  • Published : 2003.04.30

Abstract

This study analyzes the results of thunderstorm data observed in the mid-western part of Japan during the winter of 1996-1997. There were 35 instances of thunderstorms with 4,426 instances of lightning detected during the observation period. This study estimates the frequency of lightning occurrence through classification of detected lightning into two types, and analyzes the relationship between lightning types and synoptic pattern. According to the analyzed results, cloud-to-cloud discharge and positive polarity occupied 78% and 42.3% of total discharge, respectively. It is rare for lightning to occur in the winter season, usually occuring during the night (midnight to 5 a.m.). Lightning frequently occurs when there is a prevailing synoptic wind from the norhwest. According to the analyzed results of multiplicity and multi-point lightning, the mean values of multiplicity and multi-point lightning are 1.4 and 1.2, respectively.

이 연구는 일본 중서부 지방에서 1996년 겨울철에 발생한 뇌우의 관측 자료를 분석한 것이다. 관측기간 중 35 회의 뇌우가 발생하였으며 발생된 뇌 방전 수는 4426개였다. 관측된 뇌 방전 수를 뇌 방전 종별로 구분하여 그 발생비율을 구하였고, 뇌 방전의 종류와 기압배치와의 관계도 분석하였다. 그 결과 구름 뇌 방전의 비율은 약 78%이었으며, 양극성 낙뢰가 42.3%로 나타났다. 동계의 낙뢰활동은 미약하나 0${\sim}$5시에 가장 강하였다. 또한, 낙뢰는 북서 계절풍이 강한 경우에 활발하게 발생되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 다중뇌와 다지점 낙뢰의 분석결과 평균 다중도는 1.4이고, 평균 다지점 낙뢰는 1.2로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. Proceeding 1999년도 한국기상학회 추계학술발표회 겨울철 뇌 방전 현상의 관측 결과 이종호;河崎善一郞;류찬수
  2. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan v.67 Doppler radar analysis of the structure of mesoscale snow bands developed between the winter monsoon and the land breeze Ishihara M.;H. Sakaibara;Z. Yanahisawa https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj1965.67.4_503
  3. T. IEE Japan v.111-B no.5 Development of long-time record device for lightning electrostatic field wave forms and observation Results Kawasaki Z. I.;K. Matsuura;Y. Sonoi
  4. Geophys. Res, Letters v.100 SAFIR operation and evaluation of it's performance Kawasaki, Z. I.;K. Yamamoto;K. Matsuura;T. Matsui;Y. Sonoi;N. Shimokura
  5. J. Atmos. Electr. v.14 The role of the lower atmospheric conditions to development of winter thunderclouds in the Japan Sea Coast Kawasaki Z. I.;K. Yamamoto;K. Matsuura;P. Richard;T. Matsui;Y. Sonoi;N. Kobayashi;G. Naito;T. Wakai;T. Shindo
  6. T. IEE Japan v.116-B no.4 Forecasting of cloud to ground discharge by SAFIR Matsui, T.;M. Aachi;Z. I. Kawasaki;M. Wada;K. Matsuura
  7. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan v.71 A study of radar echoes and their relation to lightning discharge of thunderclouds in the Hokuriku district part II: Observation and analysis of single-flash” thunderclouds in midwinter Michimoto, K. https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj1965.71.2_195
  8. Preprints of J. Meteor. Soc. Japan v.70 The lightning activities in kwandong district of japan between 1995 and 1996 Okuyama, W.;S. Taguchi;M. Ogura
  9. Mon. Wea. Rev. v.125 Lightning ground flash density in the contiguous United States: 1992-95 Orville, R. E.;A. C. Silver https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<0631:LGFDIT>2.0.CO;2
  10. Res. Lett. Atmos. Electr. v.12 Long term observation of winter lightning on Japan Sea Coast Suzuki, T.
  11. T. IEE Japan v.113-B no.9 Results of lightning measurements by SAFIR and composition with weather radar echo Soni, Y.;Z. I. Kawasaki
  12. T. IEE Japan v.111B Lightning flash with multiple strikes to the ground Takagi N.;T. Watanabe;I. Arima;H. Itou;Z. Kawasaki;M. Nakano;T. Takeuti;H. Kinisita;M. Suzuki;Y. Saikawa
  13. J. Atmos. Sci. v.41 Thunderstorm electrification a numerical study Takahashi, T. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1984)041<2541:TENS>2.0.CO;2
  14. The Lightning Discharges Takeuti, T.
  15. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, v.51 On Lightning Discharge in Winter Thunderstorms Takeuti, T.;M. Nakano https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj1965.51.6_494
  16. Tenki v.30 Winter thunderstorms of the Hokuriku Coast Takeuti, T.;M. Nakano
  17. T. IEE, Japan v.16-B no.4 Lightning location in Japan and a lightning frequency map using the data obtained by them The committe of lightning protection design;Subcommitte of lightning characteristic
  18. The Lightning Discharge Uman M.
  19. T. IEE Japan v.114-B Synchronized multipoint measurements of lightning electric field changes Ushio T.;D. Wang;Z.I. Kawasaki;K. Matsuura;Y. Sonoi
  20. Tenki v.27 On the structure and formation of the disturbances causing a heavy snowfall over the coastal area of the sea of Japan under the winter monsoon Uyemura H.
  21. T. IEE Japan v.117-B no.4 UHF interferometric observation and rocket-triggered lightning Wada, M.;Z. I. Kawasaki;K. Matsuura;K. Nakamura;K. Horii