Major Components of Teas Manufactured with Leaf and Flower of Korean Native Camellia japonica L.

국내 자생 동백나무의 잎과 꽃으로 만든 엽차와 화차의 주요성분

  • Cha, Young-Ju (Biology Research Center for Industrial Accelerators, Dongshin Univ.) ;
  • Lee, Jang-Won (Biology Research Center for Industrial Accelerators, Dongshin Univ.) ;
  • Kim, Ju-Hee (Tea Experiment Station, Jeonnam Provincial ARES) ;
  • Park, Min-Hee (Biology Research Center for Industrial Accelerators, Dongshin Univ.) ;
  • Lee, Sook-Young (Biology Research Center for Industrial Accelerators, Dongshin Univ.)
  • 차영주 (동신대학교 산업용가속기이용생물연구센터) ;
  • 이장원 (동신대학교 산업용가속기이용생물연구센터) ;
  • 김주희 (전남농업기술원 차시험장) ;
  • 박민희 (동신대학교 산업용가속기이용생물연구센터) ;
  • 이숙영 (동신대학교 산업용가속기이용생물연구센터)
  • Published : 2004.06.30

Abstract

The major compositions of leaf tea and flower tea were investigated to develope as a new functional tea using Korean native Camellia japonica L. Most of leaf teas, except flower tea, were considered as good materials with basic conditions for tea manufacture because water content was below 6%. Crude protein was the greatest component in roasted young leaf tea (RYLT), crude fats in roasted mature leaf tea (RMLT) and ashes in fermented young leaf tea (FYLT). Caffein were present as the highest amount (5.18%) in steamed mature leaf tea (SMLT), showing less amount than green tea. Catechin were contained as the highest amount in all kinds of teas, especially FYLT was the highest (9.57%). Tannin, which highly related with tea quality including astringent taste, color and perfume, were present as the highest amount in FYLT. Vitamin C was highly detected in the tea from flowers (22.7 mg/l00 g) rather than in the tea from leaves. The content of theanine were found in flower tea by 1,074 mg/l00 g, and had about twofold of FYLT and RYLT. Among free amino acids, glutamic acid and aspartic acid were higher detected in SMLT and RMLT while asparagine was present as higher amounts in RYLT and FYLT, expecting these components can improve tea taste. Nucleic acids and their derivatives including GMP, hypoxanthine and AMP were detected as the higher amounts by 7.86, 8.57, and $12.67\;{\mu}mol/g$, respectively, however IMP content was even reduced by all manufacturing processes. In all kinds of tea, sugars such as glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose were detected, specially glucose and fructose were found as highest amount in RFT by 65.5 and 59.6 nmol/0.1 mg, respectively.

국내자생 동백 (Camellia japonica L.)을 이용하여 기능성 차로 개발하고자 엽차와 화차의 주요성분분석을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 일반성분 분석을 실시한 결과 덖음화차를 제외하고 6%이하의 수분 함유량을 보여 차 제조를 위한 기본 조건을 충족시키고 있다고 사료된다. 조단백은 신엽덖음차에, 조지방은 성엽덖음차에, 조회분은 신엽발효차에 다량 함유되어 있었다. Caffein 함량은 성엽덖음차 (0.38%)에서 가장 낮게 나타났으며 성엽찐차가 5.18%로 가장 많았으나 전체적으로 볼 때 Caffein의 함량은 녹차에 비해 낮았다. Catechin은 제다된 모든 차에 다량으로 함유되어 있었고 특히 신엽발효차에 28.6%가 함유되어 있었다. 차의 맛과 색, 향의 결정적 요인인 tannin은 신엽덖음차에 9.57%로 가장 높게,성엽덖음차에 4.61%로 가장 낮게 함유되어 있었다. Theanine은 덖음화차에 1074 mg/100 g으로 다량 함유되어 있었으며 그 양은 신엽덖음차와 신엽발효차의 약 2배 정도였다. Vitamin C는 화차에 227.7 mg/100 g으로 가장 많은 양이 함유되어 있었다. 유리아미노산은 성엽찐차와 성엽 덖음차에 glutamic acid와 aspartic acid가, 신엽덖음차와 신엽발효차에는 asparagine이 다량 함유되어 있어 차 맛의 증진에 기여할 것으로 사료된다. 신엽덖음차와 신엽발효차에 5종의 핵산물질이 함유되어 있었고, 그 중 신엽덖음차에 GMP $(7.86\;{\mu}mol/g)$와 Hypoxanthine $(8.57\;{\mu}mol/g)$, AMP $(12.67\;{\mu}mol/g)$이 다량으로 나타났다. 유리당은 모든 차에서 4종 (Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose, Maltose)이 검출되었으며 특히 덖음화차에 다량의 Glucose (65.5 unit)와 Fructose (59.6 unit)가 함유되어 있었다.

Keywords

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