The korean journal of orthodontics (대한치과교정학회지)

The Korean Association Of Orthodontists (대한치과교정학회)
권호 표지

The effect of bracket width on frictional force between bracket and arch wire during sliding tooth movement

치아의 활주 이동시 브라켓 폭이 브라켓과 호선 사이의 마찰력에 미치는 효과

  • Choi, Won-Cheul (Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Tae-Woo (Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University) ;
  • Park, Joo-Young (Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kwak, Jae-Hyuk (Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University) ;
  • Na, Hyo-Jeong (Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University) ;
  • Park, Du-Nam (Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University)
  • 최원철 (서울대학교 치과대학 교정학교실) ;
  • 김태우 (서울대학교 치과대학 교정학교실) ;
  • 박주영 (서울대학교 치과대학 교정학교실) ;
  • 곽재혁 (서울대학교 치과대학 치의학과) ;
  • 나효정 (서울대학교 치과대학 치의학과) ;
  • 박두남 (서울대학교 치과대학 치의학과)
  • Published : 2004.06.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Frictional force between the orthodontic bracket and arch wire during sliding tooth movement is related to many factors, such as the size, shape and material of both the bracket and wire, ligation method and the angle formed between the bracket and wire. There have been clear conclusions drawn in regard to most of these factors, but as to the effect of bracket width on frictional force there are only conflicting studies. This study was designed to investigate the effect of bracket width on the amount of frictional forces generated during clinically simulated tooth movement. Three different widths of brackets $(0.018{\times}0.025'\;standard)$ narrow (2.40mm), medium (3.00mm) and wide (4.25mm) were used in tandem with $0.016{\times}0.022'$ stainless steel wire. Three bracket-arch wire combinations were drawn on for 4 minutes on a testing apparatus with a head speed of 0.5mm/min and tested 7 times each. To reproduce biological conditions, dentoalveolar models were designed with indirect technique using a material with similar elastic properties as periodontal ligament (PDL). In addition, to minimize the effect of ligation force, elastomer was used with added resin, which was attached to the bracket to make up for the discrepancies of bracket width. The results were as follows: 1. Maximum frictional force for each bracket-arch wire combination was: Narrow (2.40mm): $68.09\pm4.69gmf$ Medium (3.00mm): $72.75\pm4.98 gmf$ Wide (4.25mm): $72.59\pm4.54gmf$ 2. Frictional force was increased with more displacement of wire through the bracket slot. 3. The ANOVA psot-hoc test showed that the bracker width had no significant effect on frictional force when tested under clinically simulated conditions(p>0.05).

치아의 활주 이동시 교정용 브라켓과 호선 사이의 마찰력은 많은 요인들, 예를 들면 브라켓과 호선의 크기, 형태 그리고 재료, 결찰방법 그리고 브라켓-호선간 각도 등과 관련이 있다. 이런 요인들 대부분에 관하여 명확한 결론이 내려져 있지만 브라켓 폭이 마찰력에 미치는 효과에 관해서는 논란이 있다. 이번 연구는 임상에서와 비슷한 모의 치아 이동시 브라켓 폭이 발생되는 마찰력의 양에 미치는 효과를 조사하기 위해 고안되었다. 폭이 다른 세 가지 브라켓 $(0.018{\times}0.025\;standard)$ 즉 좁은 것 (2.40mm), 중간 것 (3.00mm), 그리고 넓은 것(4.25mm) 등을 $0.016{\times}0.022$ 스테인레스 스틸 호선과 함께 사용하였다 세 가지 브라켓-호선 조합들은 분속 0.5mm로 4분 동안 장치 에서 움직이도록 하였고 각각 7회씩 반복 측정하였다. 생물학적인 상태를 재현하기 위해 치 아 치조 모형은 치근막과 유사한 탄성을 갖는 재료를 이용하는 간접법으로 제작되었다. 게다가 결찰력의 효과를 최소화하기 위하여 브라켓에 레진을 덧붙여서 고무로 결찰함으로써 브라켓 폭의 차이를 보상해주었다. 결과는 다음과 같다: 1. 각 브라켓-호선 조합의 최대 마찰력은; 좁은것(2.40mm): $m4.69gmf$ 중간것 (3.00mm): $72.7\pm54.98gmf$ 넓은것(4.25mm): $72.5\pm94.54gmf$ 2. 호선이 브라켓 슬롯을 지나서 나아갈수록 마찰력은 증가하였다. 3. ANOVA 사후검정 결과 임상과 비슷한 모의 실험에서 브라켓 폭은 마찰력에 아무런 영향을 미치지 않았다(p>0.05).

Keywords

References

  1. Frank CA, Nikolai RJ. A comparative study of frictional resistances between orthodontic bracket and arch wire. Am J Orthod 1980 : 78 : 593-609
  2. Kapila S, Angolkar PV, Duncanson MG Jr, Nanda RS. Evaluation of friction between edgewise stainless steel brackets and orthodontic wires of four alloys. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1990 : 98: 117-26
  3. Gamer LD, Allai WW, Moore BK. A comparison of frictional forces during simulated canine retraction of a continuous edgewise arch wire. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1986 : 90: 199-203
  4. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ, Mayhew MJ, Buckthal JE. Surface roughness of orthodontic arch wires via laser spectroscopy. Angle Orthod 1988 : 58 : 33-45.
  5. Drescher D, Bourauel C, Schumacher HA. Frictional forces between bracket and arch wire. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1989 : 96 : 397-404.
  6. Angolkar PV, Kapila S, Duncanson MG Jr, Nanda RS. Evaluation of friction between ceramic brackets and orthodontic wires of four alloys. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1990 : 98 : 499-506
  7. Pratten DH, Popli K, Germane M, Gunsolley JC. Frictional resistance of ceramic and stainless steel orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1990 : 98 : 398-403
  8. Vaughan JL, Duncanson MG Jr, Nanda RS, Currier GF. Relative kinetic frictional forces between sintered stainless steel brackets and orthodontic wires. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1995 : 107 : 20-7
  9. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ. Coefficients of friction for arch wires in stainless steel and polycrystalline alumina bracket slors. I. The dry state. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1990 : 98 : 300-12
  10. Andreason GF, Quevedo FR. Evaluation of frictional forces in the .022$\times$ .028 edgewise bracket in vitro. J Biomech 1970 : 3 : 151-60
  11. Kamiyama MT, Sasaki T. Friction and width of brackets. Nippon Kyosei shika Gakkai Zasshi 1973 : 32 : 286-9
  12. Tidy DC. Frictional forces in fixed appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1989 : 96 : 249-54
  13. Yettram AL, Wright KW, Houston WJ. Center of rotation of a maxillary central incisor under orthodontic loading. Br J Orthod 1977 : 4: 23-7
  14. Pryputniewicz RJ, Burstone CJ. The effect of time and force magnitude on orthodontic tooth movement. J Dent Res 1979 : 58 : 1754-64
  15. Burstone CJ, Pryputniewicz RJ. Holographic determination of centers of rotation produced by orthodontic forces. Am J Orthod 1980 : 77 : 396-409
  16. Burstone CJ, Pryputniewicz RJ, Bowley WW. Holographic measurement of tooth mobility in three dimensions. J Periodontal Res 1978 : 13 : 283-94 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1978.tb00182.x
  17. Berger JL. The influence of the SPEED brackets self-ligating design on force levels in tooth movement : A comparative in vitro study. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1990 : 97 : 219-28 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(05)80055-1
  18. Ireland AJ, Sherriff M, McDonald F. Effect of bracket and wire composition on frictional forces. Europ J Orthod 1991 : 13 : 322-8
  19. SimsAPT, Waters NE, Birnie DJ, Pethybridge RJ. A comparison of the forces required to produce tooth movement in vitro using two ligating brackets and a preadjusted bracket employing two types of ligation. Europ J Orthod 1993 : 15 : 377-85
  20. Baker KL, Nieberg LG, Weimer AD, Hanna M. Frictional changes In force values caused by saliva substitution. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1987 : 91 : 316-20
  21. Peterson L, Spencer R, Andreason G. A comparison of frictional resistance for nitinol and stainless steel wire In edgewise brackets. Quintessence Int 1982 : 13 : 563-71
  22. Dickson JA, Jones SP, Davies EH. A comparison of the frictional characteristics of five initial alignment wires and stainless steel brackets at three bracket to wire angulations : an in vitro study. Br J Orthod 1994 : 21 : 15-22 https://doi.org/10.1179/bjo.21.1.15
  23. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ, Prewitt MJ. Comparison of the frictional coefficients for selected arch-wire bracket slot combinations in the dry and wet states. Angle Orthod 1991 : 61 : 293- 302
  24. Sims AP, Waters NE, Birnie DJ. A comparision of the forces required to produce tooth movement ex vivo through three types of preadjusted brackets when subjected to determined tip or torque values. Br J Orthod 1994 : 21 : 367-73
  25. Yamaguchi K, Nanda RS, Morimoto N, Oda Y. A study of force application, amount of retarding force, and bracket width in sliding mechanics. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1996 : 109 : 50-56
  26. Yousefian J, Ngan P, Saito S, Shafeld J, Davidovitch Z. Hydrostatic system of force transmission in the periodontium, In : Davidovitch Z and Norton LA. ed. Biological mechanism of tooth movement and craniofacial adaptation. Boston : Society for the advancement of Orthodontics, 1996 : 161-71
  27. Geramy A. Initial stress produced in the periodontal membrane by orthodontic loads in the presence of varying loss of alveolar bone : a three-dimensional finite eiement analysis. Europ J Orthod 2002 : 24 : 21-33 https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/24.1.21