Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene (한국산업보건학회지)

Korean Industrial Hygiene Association (한국산업보건학회)
권호 표지

Availability of trans, trans-muconic acid as a biomarker for exposure to low concentrations of benzene

저농도 벤젠노출 평가를 위한 요중 trans, trans-muconic acid의 유용성

O, Hyeon-Cheol;Kim, Chi-Nyeon;Won, Jong-Uk;Kim, Hyeon-Su;Kim, Hyeong-Ryeol;No, Jae-Hun
오현철;김치년;원종욱;김현수;김형렬;노재훈

  • Published : 20040800
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess the availability of urinary trans, trans-muconic acid(t,t-MA) as a biomarker for low levels exposure to benzene. The airborne concentration of benzene was measured by personal air sampler and was determined by GC/FID. Urinary t,t-MA was determined in 40 urine samples collected from 20 workers in the petrochemical industry and from 20 control with no occupational exposure to benzene. In exposed group, the urine samples were collected at the beginning and end of the work shift. The concentrations of t,t-MA in urine were determined by HPLC/UVD. The individual whole-shift concentrations of benzene in the exposed group ranged from undetectable to 0.99ppm with an average of 0.16± 0.22ppm (geometric mean, 0.046(0.12)ppm). The average urinary t,t-MA levels for the control and exposed group were 19.67± 18.88 /g ㎍ creatinine (geometric mean, 12.44(2.90)) and 199.01± 64.76 /g creatinine (geometric mean, 189.27(1.39)), respectively. ㎍ Significantly higher urinary t,t-MA levels were observed among the exposed workers. Statistically significant correlation was found between t,t-MA concentrations in end-ofshift samples and airborne benzene concentrations(r=0.63, p<0.01). According to the multiple regression analysis, no significant correlation existed between urinary t,t-MA level and any demographical characteristics. These data support the availability of urinary t,t-MA as a biomarker of low levels of benzene exposure(< 1ppm)

Keywords

References

  1. 노동부. 화학물질 및 물리적 인자의 노출기준(고시 제2002-8호). 2002
  2. 노동부. 산엽안전보건법. 2003
  3. 문종국，김치년，노재훈. 흰쥐에서 톨루엔이 요중 벤젠 대사 물질인 phenol과 S-phenylmercapturic acid배설에 미치는 영향， 대한산업의학회지 2002;14(2): 143-153
  4. 방신호，김광종，염용태 벤젠 노출 근로자의 생물학적 모니터링 지표로서의 요중 S-phenylmercapturic Acid에 관한연구. 한국산업위생학회지 1996;6(2): 272-280
  5. 산업안전보건연구원. 유해물질 노출근로자의 건강영향에 대한 연구(III); 벤젠노출 근로자에 대하여, 2000 연구보고서. 2000
  6. 안선희，김강윤，박남규，신정아，이동범，등. 저농도 벤젠 노출 근로자의 요중 페놀 및 뮤코닉 산 농도 산업보건 2003; 182: 21-30
  7. 염용태 역，화학물질의 독성/방향족 탄화수소화합물들 : 벤젠. 산업보건 1993;12: 53-56
  8. 한국산업안전공단. 근로자 건강진단 실무지침. 2000
  9. ACGIH. Documentation of the TLVs and BEls 7th edition. 2001
  10. ACGIH. TLVs and BEIs. 2003
  11. Boogaard PJ, van Sittert NJ. Biological monitoring of exposure to benzene: a comparison between S-phenylmercapturic acid, trans,trans-muconic acid, and phenol. Occup Environ Med 1995;52: 611-620 https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.52.9.611
  12. Boogaard PJ, van Sittert NJ. Suitability of S-phenylmercapturic acid and trans，trans-muconic acid as biomarkers for exposure to low concentrations of benzene. Environ Health Perspect 1996;104 (Suppl 6): 1151-7 https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.961041151
  13. Brondeau MT, Ducos P, Gaudin R, Morel G, Bonnet P, de Ceaurriz J. Evaluation of the interaction of benzene and toluene on the urinary excretion of t,t-muconic acid in rats. Toxicol Lett 1992; 62(2-3): 311-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(92)90035-I
  14. Cocco P, Tocco MG, Ibba A, Scano L, Ennas MG, Flore C, Randaccio FS. trans,trans-muconic acid in relation to environmental exposure to benzene. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2003; 76: 456-460 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-002-0413-6
  15. Dar F, Dab W, Empereur-Bissonnet P, Zmirou D. Validity of Biomarkers in Environmental Health Studies: The Case of PAHs and Benzene. Crit Rev Toxicol 1999; 29(2): 129-168 https://doi.org/10.1080/10408449991349195
  16. Ducos P, Gaudin R, Robert A, Francin JM, Maire C. Improvement in HPLC analysis of urinary trans,trans-muconic acid, a promising substitute for phenol in assessment of benzene exposure. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1990; 62(7): 529-34 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00381185
  17. Ducos P, Gaudin R, Bel J, Maire C, Francin JM, Robert A, Wild P. trans,trans-muconic acid, a reliable biological indicator for the detection of individual benzene exposure down to the ppm level. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1992; 64(5): 309-13 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00379538
  18. Ghittori S, Maestri L, Fiorentino ML, Imbriani M. Evaluation of occupational exposure to benzene by urinalysis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1995; 67:195-200
  19. Inoue O, Seiji K, Nakatsuka H, Watanabe T, Yin SN, Li GL, Cai Sx, Jin C, Ikeda M. urinary t,t-muconic acid as an indicator of exposure to benzene. Br J Ind Med 1989; 46(2): 122-7
  20. Lauwerys RR, Buchelt JP, Andrien F. Muconic acid in urine: a reliable indicator of occupational exposure to benzene. Am J Ind Med 1994; 21: 749-757
  21. Lee BL, New AL, Kow PW, Ong HY, Shi CY, Ong CN. Urinary trans,trans-muconic acid determined by liquid chromatography :application in biologic monitoring of benzene exposure. Clin Chem 1993; 39(9); 1788-92
  22. Marrubini G Coccini T, Maestri L, Manzo L. Effect of sorbic acid administration on uriary trans，trans-muconic acid excretion in rats exposed to low levels of benzene, Food Chem Toxicol 2002;40(12): 1799-806 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00185-0
  23. Melikian AA, Prahalad AK, Hoffmann D. Urinary tran,trans-muconic acid as an indicator of exposure to benzene in cigarette smokers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1993; 2(1): 47-51
  24. Melikian AA, Prahalad AK, Seeker-Walker RH. Comparison of the level of the urinary benzene metabolite trans,trans-muconic acid in smokers and nonsmokers, and the effects of pregnancy. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1994; 3(3): 239-44
  25. Melikian AA, Qu Q, Shore R, Li G, Li H, Jin X, Cohen B, Chen L, Li Y, Yin S, Mu R, Zhang X, Wang Y. Personal exposure to different level of benzene and its relationship to the urinary metabolites S-phenylmercapturic acid and trans, trans-muconic acid. J Chromatogr B 2002; 778: 211-221 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(01)00454-6
  26. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH). NlOSH manual of analytical method(method 1501). 1984
  27. Ong CN, Kok PW, Lee BL, Shi CY, Ong HY, Chia KS, Lee CS, Luo XW. Evaluation of biomarkers for occupational exposure to benzene. Occup Environ Med 1995; 52(8):528-33 https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.52.8.528
  28. Ong CN, Kok PW, Ong HY, Shi CY, Lee BL, Phoon WH, Tan KT. Biomarkers of exposure to low concentrations of benzene: a field assessment. Occup Environ Med 1996; 53(5): 328-33 https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.53.5.328
  29. Panev T, Popov T, Georgieva T, Chohadjieva D. Assessment of the correlation between exposure to benzene and urinary excretion of t,t-muconic acid in workers from a petrochemical plant. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2002; 75(Suppl): S97-S100 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-002-0388-3
  30. Popp W, Rauscher D, Muller G, Angerer J, Norpoth K. Concentrations of benzene in blood and S-phenylmercapturic acid and t,t-muconic acid in urine in car mechanics. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1994; 66: 1-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00386572
  31. Rinsky RA, Smith AB, Hornung R, Filloon TG, Young RJ, Okun AH, Landrigan PJ. Benzene and leukemia. An epidemiologic risk asseeement. N Engl J Med 1987; 316(17): 1044-50 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198704233161702
  32. Ruppert T, Scherer G, Tricker AR, Adlkofer F. trans,trans-Muconic acid as a biomarker of non-occupational environmental exposure to benzene. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1997; 69:247-251 https://doi.org/10.1007/s004200050143
  33. U.S. Department of Health and Human services. Toxicological profile for benzene. 1997
  34. Valentine JL, Lee SS, Seaton MJ, Asgharian B, Farris G, Corton JC, Gonzalez FJ, Medinsky MA. Reduction of benzene metabolism and toxicity in mice that lack CYP2EI expression, Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1996; 141(1): 205-13 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0041-008X(96)80026-3
  35. van Sittert NJ, Boogaard PJ, Beulink GD. Application of the urinary Sphenylmercapturic acid as a biomaker for low level of exposure to benzene in industry. Brit J Ind M 1993; 50: 460-469
  36. Wiwanitkit V, Suwansaksri J, Nasuan P. Urine trans,trans-muconic acid as a biomarker for benzene exposure in gas station attendants in Bangkok，Thailand. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2001; 31(4): 399-401
  37. Wiwanitkit V, Suwansaksri J, Nerarnitraram P, Paneesrisawasdi P. A note on urinary trans,trans-muconic acid level among Thai press workers. Biomarkers 2003; 8(3-4): 339-42 https://doi.org/10.1080/1354750031000066199
  38. Wiwanitkit V, Suwansaksri J, Soogarun S. The urine trans，trans- muconic acid biomarker and platelet count in a sample of subjects with benzene exposure. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2004; 10(1): 73-6 https://doi.org/10.1177/107602960401000113
  39. Yu R, Weisel CP. Measurement of the urinary benzene metabolite trans,trans-muconic acid from benzene exposure in humans. J Toxicol Environ Health 1996; 48(5): 453-77 https://doi.org/10.1080/009841096161186