References
- Ling SM, Bathon JM: Osteoarthritis in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 1998; 46: 216-25.
- Wolfe MM, Lichtenstein DR, Singh G: Gastrointestinal toxicity of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 1888-98. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199906173402407
- Friedman DM, Morre ME: The efficacy of intraarticular steroids in osteoarthritis: a double blind study. J Rheumatol 1980; 7: 1850-6.
- Balazs EA, Dehlinger JL: Viscosupplementation: a new concept in the treatment of osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol 1993; 20: 53-9.
- Toole BP, Jackson G, Gross J: Hyaluronate in morphogenesis: Inhibition of chondrogenesisin vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1972; 69: 1384-6. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.69.6.1384
- Schimizu C, Kubo T, Hirasawa Y, Coutts RD, Amiel D: Histomorphometric and biochemical effect of various hyaluronans on early osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol 1998; 25: 1813-9.
- Ghosh P: The role of hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan) in health and disease: interactions with cells, cartilage and components of the synovial fluid. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1994; 12: 75-82.
- Wigren A, Falk J, Wik O: The healing of cartilage injuries under the influence of joint immobilization and repeated hyaluronic acid injections. Acta Orthop Scand 1978; 49: 121-33. https://doi.org/10.3109/17453677809005737
- Belcher C, Yaqub R, Fawthrop F, Bayliss M, Doherty M: Synovial fluid chondroitin and keratan sulphate epitopes, glycosaminoglycans, and hyaluronan in arthritic and normal knees. Ann Rheum Dis 1997; 56: 299-307. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.56.5.299
- Altman RD, Moskowitz R: Intraarticular sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized clinical trial. J Rheumatol 1998; 25: 2203-12.
- Puhl W, Bernau A, Greiling H, Kopcke W, Pforringer W, Steck KJ, et al: Intra-articular sodium hyaluronate in osteoarthritis of the knee: a multicenter, double blind study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 1993; 1: 233-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1063-4584(05)80329-2
- Namiki 0, Toyoshima H, Morisaki N: Therapeutic effect of intra-articular injection of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid on osteoarthritis of the knee. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1982; 20: 501-7.
- Dougados M, Nguyen M, Listrat V, Amor B: High molecular weight sodium hyaluronate (hyalectin) in osteoarthritis of the knee: a 1 year placebo-controlled trial. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 1993; 1: 97-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1063-4584(05)80024-X
- Tamir E, Robinson D, Koren R, Agar G, Halperin N: Intra-articular hyaluronan injections for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2001; 19: 265-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s100510170335
- Creamer P, Sharif M, George E, Meadows K, Cushnaghan J, Shinmei M, et al: Intra-articular hyaluronic acid in osteoarthritis of the knee: an investigation into mechanisms of action. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 1994; 2: 133-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1063-4584(05)80063-9
- Huskisson EC, Donnely S: Hyaluronic acid in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Rheumatology 1999; 38: 602-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/38.7.602
- Kellgren JH, Lawrence JS: Radiological assessment of osteoarthrosis. Ann Rheum Dis 1957; 6: 494-502.
- Dahl LB, Dahl IM, Engstrom-Laurent A, Granath K: Concentration and molecular weight of sodium hyaluronate in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other arthropathies. Ann Rheum Dis 1985; 44: 817-22. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.44.12.817
- Engstrom-Laurent A: Hyaluronan in joint disease. J Intern Med 1997; 242: 57-60. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2796.1997.00174.x
- Bothner H, Wik O: Rheology of hyaluronate. Acta Otolaryngol 1987; 442: 25-30.
- Balazs E, Denlinger JL: Viscosupplementation: a new concept in the treatment of osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol 1993; 39(Suppl): 3-9.
- Balazs EA, Watson D, Duff IF, Roseman S: Hyaluronic acid in synovial fluid. I. Molecular parameters of hyaluronic acid in normal and arthritic human fluids. Arthritis Rheum 1967; 10: 357-76. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.1780100407
- Peyron JG, Balazs EA: Preliminary clinical assessment of Nahyaluronate injection into human arthritic joints. Pathol Biol 1974; 22: 731-6.
- Huskisson EC, Donelly S: Hyaluronic acid in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Rheumatology 1999; 38: 602-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/38.7.602
- Dougados M, Nguyen M, Listrat V, Amor B: High molecular weight sodium hyaluronate (hyalectin) in osteoarthritis of the knee: a 1 year placebo-controlled trial. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 1993; 1: 97-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1063-4584(05)80024-X
- Henderson EB, Smith EC, Pegley F, Blake DR: Intra-articular injections of 750 kD hyaluronan in the treatment of osteoarthritis: a randomized single centre double-blind placebo-controlled trial of 91 patients demonstrating lack of efficacy. Ann Rheum Dis 1994; 53: 529-34. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.53.8.529
- Jones AC, Pattrick M, Doherty S, Doherty M: Intra-articular hyaluronic acid compared to Intra-articular triamcinolone hexacetonide in inflammatory knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 1995; 3: 269-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1063-4584(05)80018-4
- Leardini G, Mattara L, Franceschini M, Perbellini A: Intra-articular treatment of knee osteoarthritis. A comparative study between hyaluronic acid and 6-methyl prednisolone acetate. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1991; 9: 375-81.