Relation of Bitter Pit Development with Mineral Nutrients, Cultivars, and Rootstocks in Apples (Malus domestica Borkh)

사과 고두병 발생과 무기성분, 품종 및 대목과의 관계

Kim, Mong-Sup;Ko, Kwang-Chool
김몽섭;고광출

  • Published : 20040000

Abstract

The study was conducted to observe the bitter pit incidence in relation with cultivars, rootstocks, minerals content in leaves and fruits under commercial orchard conditions, and to examine the accompanying anatomical changes. Number of pits counted at harvest was high in ‘Megumi’, medium in ‘Jonagold’ and ‘Golden Delicious’, and low in ‘Mutsu’, ‘Fuji’, and ‘Starkrimson’. The pit was the deepest in ‘Fuji’. More pits were observed in the half to the calyx end of a fruit than in the stem end part in all the cultivars investigated. Epidermal and cuticular layers of the pitted areas disappeared due to destruction of the cells, and the flesh cell underneath were collapsed in the ‘Jonagold’ and ‘Fuji’. Numerous starch grains were found in ‘Starkrimson’, not like in the forme layers consisting of small cells were newly formed to fill the disappeared epiderma and cuticular layers, and in such less starch grains were observed in a shallower depth. Symptoms in the former and the latter are thus understood to be typical of bitterpits and cork spots, respectively. ‘Fuji’ grafted on M26 showed much less incidence than the same cultivar grafted on MM106, implying a great effect graft on rootstock on the symptom incidence of rootstock. A significant difference in N, K, and Ca content with N/Ca and K/Ca was more noted in flesh than in fruit skin and fruit core. Thus, it is reasonable to analyse mineral contents of flesh for diagnosis of pitted fruit. Pitted fruit was significantly lower in flesh Ca content as compared with non-pitted one, while N and K contents were tended to be higher. On the contrary, N/Ca and K/Ca were significantly higher in pitted fruit than non-pitted fruit. In terms of bitter pit development related to flesh mineral content, N/Ca and K/Ca should be more important than flesh N and Ca content in the same cultivar, while genetic influence is more remarkable than mineral ones among other cultivars.

본 연구는 사과 고두병의 발생 원인을 구명하기 위하여 포장상태에서 고두병 발생정도의 품종 간 차이를 조사하고, 대목의 종류가 고두병 발생에 미치는 영향을 구명하였으며, 과실 및 잎의 무기성분 함량과 고두병 발생간의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 그리고 고 두병 장해조직의 해부학적인 특성을 품종별로 관찰 비교였다. 사과 품종별 고두병 발생과의 형태 및 해부학적 양상 비교 결과 과당 pit 수는 ‘혜’가 가장 많았으며, ‘조나골드’와 ‘골든 델리셔스’는 중간 정도였고, ‘육오’, ‘후지’ 및 ‘스타크림손’은 적었다. 그러나 pit의 깊이는 ‘후지’가 가장 깊었다. Pit는 공시품종 모두 적도면 하부의 체와부쪽에 많이 분포하고 있었다. 대목, 품종 및 과실부위별 고두병 발생과 무기성분 함량과의 관계를 보면 M26 대목에 접목된 나무의 과실이 MM106 대목의 경우보다 고두병 발생률이 낮은 경향이었다. 잎과 과육의 무기성분 함량은, 칼슘을 제외한 질소, 인산, 칼륨 및 마그네슘 모두 잎과 과육 간에 일정한 경향을 보이지 않았다. 그리고 고두병 장해과와 건전과의 무기성분 함량은, 질소, 인산, 칼슘 및 N/Ca, K/Ca비 차이가 과피나 과심 및 잎 보다 과육에서 가장 뚜렷하였다. 따라서 무기성분과 관련한 고두병의 해석에 있어서는, 과육의 무기성분 함량을 비교하는 것이 가장 합당하다고 생각되었다. 장해과는 건전과에 비하여 질소와 칼륨 함량이 높고 칼슘 함량은 낮았으며, N/Ca, K/Ca비가 높았다. 그러나 품종 간 고두병 발생 정도의 차이는 과실 내 무기성분 함량 차이에 의한다기보다 품종 고유의 유전적인 특성에 의한 것으로 해석되었다. 과실 내 무기성분 함량과 고두병 발생 정도 간의 관계를 분석한 결과, N, Ca 함량과 밀접한 관련이 있었으나, N/Ca, K/Ca비와의 상관이 더 높았기 때문에, 고두병 발생요인은 단일 무기성분의 함량보다 무기성분 간의 함량비로 해석하는 것이 보다 합당하다고 생각되었다.

Keywords

References

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