Korean Journal of Radiology

The Korean Society of Radiology (대한영상의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve: Practical Review for Radiologists

Park, Seong-Ho;Goo, Jin-Mo;Jo, Chan-Hee

  • Published : 20040100
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, which is defined as a plot of test sensitivity as the y coordinate versus its 1-specificity or false positive rate (FPR) as the x coordinate, is an effective method of evaluating the performance of diagnostic tests. The purpose of this article is to provide a nonmathematical introduction to ROC analysis. Important concepts involved in the correct use and interpretation of this analysis, such as smooth and empirical ROC curves, parametric and nonparametric methods, the area under the ROC curve and its 95% confidence interval, the sensitivity at a particular FPR, and the use of a partial area under the ROC curve are discussed. Various considerations concerning the collection of data in radiological ROC studies are briefly discussed. An introduction to the software frequently used for performing ROC analyses is also presented.

Keywords

References

  1. Obuchowski NA. Receiver operating characteristic curves and their use in radiology. Radiology 2003;229:3–8. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2291010898
  2. Zhou XH,Obuchowski NA,McClish DK. Statistical methods in diagnostic medicine. 1st ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 2002. pp. 15-164.
  3. Metz CE. ROC methodology in radiologic imaging. Invest Radiol 1986;21:720–733.
  4. Metz CE. Some practical issues of experimental design and data analysis in radiologic ROC studies. Invest Radiol 1989;24:234–245.
  5. Metz CE. Basic principles of ROC analysis. Semin Nucl Med 1978;8:283–298.
  6. Bamber D. The area above the ordinal dominance graph and the area below the receiver operating characteristic graph. J Math Psychol 1975;12:387–415.
  7. Hanley JA,McNeil BJ. The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Radiology 1982;143:29–36.
  8. DeLong ER,DeLong DM,Clarke-Pearson DL. Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach. Biometrics 1988;44:837–844.
  9. Motulsky H. Intuitive biostatistics. 1st ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 1995. pp. 9-60.
  10. Metz CE. Quantification of failure to demonstrate statistical significance: the usefulness of confidence intervals. Invest Radiol 1993;28:59–63.
  11. McClish DK. Analyzing a portion of the ROC curve. Med Decis Making 1989;9:190–195.
  12. Jiang Y,Metz CE,Nishikawa RM. A receiver operating characteristic partial area index for highly sensitive diagnostic tests. Radiology 1996;201:745–750.
  13. Rockette HE,Gur D,Metz CE. The use of continuous and discrete confidence judgments in receiver operating characteristic studies of diagnostic imaging techniques. Invest Radiol 1992;27:169–172.
  14. Wagner RF,Beiden SV,Metz CE. Continuous versus categorical data for ROC analysis: some quantitative considerations. Acad Radiol 2001;8:328–334.
  15. Rockette HE,Gur D,Cooperstein LA,et al. Effect of two rating formats in multi-disease ROC study of chest images. Invest Radiol 1990;25:225–229.
  16. Hanley JA,McNeil BJ. A method comparing the areas under receiver operator characteristic curves derived from the same cases. Radiology 1983;148:839–843.

Cited by

  1. Comparison of computer display monitors for computed radiography diagnostic application in a radiology PACS vol.27, pp.3, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03178674
  2. Probe classification of on-off type DNA microarray images with a nonlinear matching measure vol.11, pp.1, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1117/1.2168166
  3. ICD-10 coding algorithms for defining comorbidities of acute myocardial infarction vol.6, pp.None, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-6-161
  4. Perioperative Parathyroid Hormone Levels in Thyroid Surgery vol.116, pp.4, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mlg.0000202617.63668.cc
  5. CA 125: A potential tumor marker for gallbladder cancer vol.93, pp.8, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1002/jso.20534
  6. Comparison of performance of computer display monitors for radiological diagnosis; “diagnostic” high brightness monochrome LCD, 3MP vs “clinical review” colour LCD, 2MP vol.30, pp.2, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03178413
  7. Use of high spatial resolution satellite imagery to characterize landscapes at risk for bluetongue vol.38, pp.5, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1051/vetres:2007025
  8. A Statistical Comparison of the Blossom Blight Forecasts of MARYBLYT and Cougarblight with Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve Analysis vol.97, pp.9, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1094/phyto-97-9-1164
  9. Online supervised spam filter evaluation vol.25, pp.3, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1145/1247715.1247717
  10. Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity and Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity: Similarities and Discrepancies vol.30, pp.12, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1291/hypres.30.1151
  11. Participant Perception of Recovery as Criterion to Establish Importance of Improvement for Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy Outcome Measures: A Preliminary Study vol.87, pp.2, 2004, https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20060101
  12. Distinction of Liver Disease from CT Images Using Kernel-based Classifiers vol.1, pp.2, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1080/1931308x.2007.10644144
  13. Computer Aided Classification System for Breast Ultrasound Based on Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) vol.33, pp.11, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2007.05.016
  14. Classification of simulated hyperplastic stages in the breast ducts based on ultrasound RF echo vol.55, pp.1, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2008.616
  15. Using remote sensing to map larval and adult populations of Anopheles hyrcanus (Diptera: Culicidae) a potential malaria vector in Southern France vol.7, pp.None, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072x-7-9
  16. Evaluation of the performance of 3D virtual screening protocols: RMSD comparisons, enrichment assessments, and decoy selection-What can we learn from earlier mistakes? vol.22, pp.3, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10822-007-9163-6
  17. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the CBCL-Bipolar Phenotype Are Not Useful in Diagnosing Pediatric Bipolar Disorder vol.19, pp.1, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1089/cap.2008.067
  18. Estimation of LV End-Diastolic Pressure Using Color-TDI and Its Application to Noninvasive Quantification of Myocardial Wall Stress vol.26, pp.4, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8175.2008.00822.x
  19. The Usefulness of Virtual MR Arthroscopy as an Adjunct to Conventional MR Arthrography in Detecting Anterior Labral Lesions of the Shoulder vol.192, pp.4, 2004, https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.07.2312
  20. 복합부위통증증후군 진단 시 좌우 체온 차이의 실제값과 절대값의 진단적 타당도 비교 vol.22, pp.2, 2004, https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2009.22.2.146
  21. Comparison of spin echo T1-weighted sequences versus fast spin-echo proton density-weighted sequences for evaluation of meniscal tears at 1.5 T vol.38, pp.1, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00256-008-0561-1
  22. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound versus color duplex ultrasound imaging in the follow-up of patients after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair vol.49, pp.3, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2008.10.008
  23. Binocular depth inversion as a paradigm of reduced visual information processing in prodromal state, antipsychotic-naïve and treated schizophrenia vol.259, pp.4, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-008-0851-6
  24. Prediction of long-term outcome by percent improvement after the first day of thrombolytic treatment in stroke patients vol.281, pp.1, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2009.02.365
  25. Spatio-temporal Hotelling observer for signal detection from image sequences vol.17, pp.13, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.17.010946
  26. Clinical Impact and Reliability of Pleural Fluid Mesothelin in Undiagnosed Pleural Effusions vol.180, pp.5, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200811-1729oc
  27. Reliability and Diagnostic Accuracy of 5 Physical Examination Tests and Combination of Tests for Subacromial Impingement vol.90, pp.11, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2009.05.015
  28. Platelet linoleic acid is a potential biomarker of advanced non-small cell lung cancer vol.87, pp.3, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexmp.2009.08.002
  29. Strategies for digital mammography interpretation in a clinical patient population vol.125, pp.12, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.24632
  30. Assessing the performance of morphological parameters in distinguishing breast tumors on ultrasound images vol.32, pp.1, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medengphy.2009.10.007
  31. Comparison of Real-time Three-dimensional Gadolinium-enhanced Elliptic Centric-ordered MR Venography and Two-dimensional Time-of-flight MR Venography of the Intracranial Venous System vol.73, pp.3, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1016/s1726-4901(10)70027-7
  32. Image quality assessment tools for optimization of CT images vol.16, pp.2, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2009.10.002
  33. Diagnostic value of minimum apparent diffusion coefficient values in prediction of neuroepithelial tumor grading vol.31, pp.6, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.22175
  34. Interpretation of Amniotic Fluid White Blood Cell Count in “Bloody Tap” Amniocenteses in Women With Symptoms of Preterm Labor vol.116, pp.2, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0b013e3181e8fec6
  35. In vivo 3T spectroscopic quantification of liver fat content in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Correlation with biochemical method and morphometry vol.53, pp.4, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2010.04.018
  36. Removal of subsurface fluorescence in cryo-imaging using deconvolution vol.18, pp.21, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.18.022324
  37. Capromab Pendetide Scanning Has a Potential Role in Optimizing Patient Selection for Salvage Cryosurgical Ablation of the Prostate vol.76, pp.5, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2010.01.082
  38. Downgrading BIRADS 3 to BIRADS 2 category using a computer-aided microcalcification analysis and risk assessment system for early breast cancer vol.40, pp.11, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2010.09.005
  39. Evaluation of high-performance liquid chromatography laser-induced fluorescence for serum protein profiling for early diagnosis of oral cancer vol.15, pp.6, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1117/1.3523372
  40. Role of the repartition of wetland breeding sites on the spatial distribution of Anopheles and Culex , human disease vectors in Southern France vol.4, pp.1, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-4-65
  41. Predicting Diabetes amongst Native American Elders : The Importance of Comorbid Diseases and their Interactions vol.3, pp.4, 2004, https://doi.org/10.4018/jhdri.2011100103
  42. Tumour xenograft detection through quantitative analysis of the metabolic profile of urine in mice vol.56, pp.3, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/56/3/002
  43. Assessment of Global Liver Blood Flow With Quantitative Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound vol.30, pp.3, 2004, https://doi.org/10.7863/jum.2011.30.3.379
  44. An Automatic Computer-Aided Detection Scheme for Pneumoconiosis on Digital Chest Radiographs vol.24, pp.3, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-010-9276-7
  45. Forearm Bone Mineral Density in Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia and Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Comparative Study vol.89, pp.4, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-011-9517-x
  46. Pulse-Pressure Variation Predicts Fluid Responsiveness During Heart Displacement for Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery vol.25, pp.6, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2011.07.013
  47. Resolving confusion of tongues in statistics and machine learning: A primer for biologists and bioinformaticians vol.12, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1002/pmic.201100395
  48. Mammographic system performance using an image reading qualification method vol.5, pp.2, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12194-012-0156-3
  49. Ordination and hyperspectral remote sensing approach to classify peatland biotopes along soil moisture and fertility gradients vol.124, pp.None, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.06.010
  50. Sex Estimation from the Mastoid Process Among North Indians* vol.57, pp.2, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01966.x
  51. Assessing the combined performance of texture and morphological parameters in distinguishing breast tumors in ultrasound images : Texture and morphological parameters in distinguishing breast tumors vol.39, pp.12, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4766268
  52. Usefulness of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI in Differentiating Between Septic Arthritis and Transient Synovitis in the Hip Joint vol.198, pp.2, 2012, https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.11.6937
  53. Components and validity of risk scores for screening for Type 2 diabetes mellitus vol.2, pp.5, 2012, https://doi.org/10.2217/dmt.12.43
  54. Growth of untreated vestibular schwannoma: a prospective study : Clinical article vol.116, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3171/2011.12.jns111662
  55. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT findings in pleural effusions of patients with known cancer : A cytopathological correlation vol.51, pp.5, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3413/nukmed-0470-12-01
  56. THE CUT-OFF VALUES FOR AUTO-DETECTION OF LUNG CANCER IN CHEST RADIOGRAPHY: AN EXAMPLE USING AN UNSUPERVISED METHOD vol.24, pp.6, 2004, https://doi.org/10.4015/s1016237212500482
  57. Tryggo: Old norse for truth : The real truth about ground truth: New insights into the challenges of generating ground truth maps for WSI CAD algorithm evaluation vol.3, pp.None, 2012, https://doi.org/10.4103/2153-3539.93890
  58. Diagnostic accuracy of range of motion measurements in early symptomatic hip and/or knee osteoarthritis vol.64, pp.1, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.20645
  59. Screening Measure for Early Detection of Depressive Symptoms : The Depressive Cognition Scale vol.34, pp.2, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945910396731
  60. Interfrontal Angle for Characterization of Trigonocephaly: Part 1: Development and Validation of a Tool for Diagnosis of Metopic Synostosis vol.23, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1097/scs.0b013e3182518ad2
  61. Integrated Virtual Screening for the Identification of Novel and Selective Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) Scaffolds vol.55, pp.11, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1021/jm300068n
  62. Accuracy of Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Diagnosing Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using Rest and Grasp Positions of the Hands vol.37, pp.8, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2012.04.040
  63. The use of a Psoroptes ovis serodiagnostic test for the analysis of a natural outbreak of sheep scab vol.5, pp.None, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-5-7
  64. Intracranial hemangiopericytoma: MR imaging findings and diagnostic usefulness of minimum ADC values vol.38, pp.5, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.24075
  65. Lymphatic Filariasis Transmission Risk Map of India, Based on a Geo-Environmental Risk Model vol.13, pp.9, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2012.1238
  66. A Geographical Information System‐Based Multicriteria Evaluation to Map Areas at Risk for Rift Valley Fever Vector‐Borne Transmission in Italy vol.60, pp.suppl2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.12156
  67. Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool Performance in a Large Sample of Postmenopausal Women of Mendoza, Argentina vol.2013, pp.None, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/150154
  68. Changes in the Bispectral Index in Response to Experimental Noxious Stimuli in Adults under General Anesthesia vol.2013, pp.None, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/583920
  69. The methodological quality of three foundational law enforcement drug influence evaluation validation studies vol.12, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-5751-12-16
  70. Translation of proteomic biomarkers into FDA approved cancer diagnostics: issues and challenges vol.10, pp.1, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1186/1559-0275-10-13
  71. Predicting drug-target interaction networks of human diseases based on multiple feature information vol.14, pp.14, 2013, https://doi.org/10.2217/pgs.13.162
  72. Validating the ability of a single-item assessing drunkenness to detect hazardous drinking vol.39, pp.5, 2004, https://doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2013.810745
  73. Evaluation of Copper Concentration in Subclinical Cases of White Muscle Disease and Its Relationship with Cardiac Troponin I vol.8, pp.2, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056163
  74. Diagnostic performance of regional DTI-derived tensor metrics in glioblastoma multiforme: simultaneous evaluation of p, q, L, Cl, Cp, Cs, RA, RD, AD, mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy vol.23, pp.4, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-012-2688-7
  75. Modelling the risk of being bitten by malaria vectors in a vector control area in southern Benin, west Africa vol.6, pp.None, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-6-71
  76. Texture-based features for classification of mammograms using decision tree vol.23, pp.3, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-012-1025-z
  77. Breast thermography from an image processing viewpoint: A survey vol.93, pp.10, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2012.08.012
  78. Prediction of carbamylated lysine sites based on the one-class k-nearest neighbor method vol.9, pp.11, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1039/c3mb70195f
  79. Probabilistic neural network for breast cancer classification vol.23, pp.6, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-012-1134-8
  80. Automatic Active Contour-Based Segmentation and Classification of Carotid Artery Ultrasound Images vol.26, pp.6, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-012-9566-3
  81. Decision tree classifiers for automated medical diagnosis vol.23, pp.7, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-012-1196-7
  82. Performance analysis of support vector machines classifiers in breast cancer mammography recognition vol.24, pp.5, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-012-1324-4
  83. The Clinical Role of Dual-Time-Point 18 F-FDG PET/CT in Differential Diagnosis of the Thyroid Incidentaloma vol.48, pp.2, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13139-013-0247-z
  84. Are There Risks with Risk Assessment? A Study of the Predictive Accuracy of the Youth Level of Service–Case Management Inventory with Young Offenders in Scotland vol.44, pp.8, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bct059
  85. Predictive Monitoring of Mobile Patients by Combining Clinical Observations With Data From Wearable Sensors vol.18, pp.3, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1109/jbhi.2013.2293059
  86. Feature Selection for the Automated Detection of Metaphase Chromosomes: Performance Comparison Using a Receiver Operating Characteristic Method vol.2014, pp.None, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/565392
  87. Ability of walking without a walking device in patients with spinal cord injury as determined using data from functional tests vol.37, pp.4, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1179/2045772313y.0000000160
  88. MicroRNA expression as risk biomarker of breast cancer metastasis: a pilot retrospective case-cohort study vol.14, pp.None, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-14-739
  89. Environmental predictors of West Nile fever risk in Europe vol.13, pp.None, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072x-13-26
  90. Erythrocyte Fatty Acids as Potential Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma, Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and Small Cell Lung Cancer vol.142, pp.1, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1309/ajcp1quqqllt8bli
  91. Diagnostic confidence analysis in the magnetic resonance imaging of ovarian and deep endometriosis: comparison with surgical results vol.24, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-013-3013-9
  92. The Diagnostic Quality of the Emotional and Behavioral Screener vol.32, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282913485541
  93. A New Hybrid Case-Based Reasoning Approach for Medical Diagnosis Systems vol.38, pp.2, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-014-0009-1
  94. Birth outcome measures and maternal exposure to heavy metals (lead, cadmium and mercury) in Saudi Arabian population vol.217, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.04.009
  95. Systematic protocol for assessment of the validity of BOLD MRI in a rabbit model of inflammatory arthritis at 1.5 tesla vol.44, pp.5, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-013-2844-5
  96. 최적의 촬영조건 및 영상처리에 관한 연구 vol.51, pp.4, 2004, https://doi.org/10.5573/ieie.2014.51.4.221
  97. Convergent Validity of a Brief Self-reported Physical Activity Questionnaire vol.46, pp.8, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000000278
  98. Computer-Aided CT coronary artery stenosis detection: comparison with human reading and quantitative coronary angiography vol.30, pp.8, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-014-0513-x
  99. A reliable and time‐saving semiautomatic spike‐template–based analysis of interictal EEG–fMRI vol.55, pp.12, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.12841
  100. Discrimination between Surgical and Nonsurgical Nuclear Cataracts Based on ROC Analysis vol.39, pp.12, 2004, https://doi.org/10.3109/02713683.2014.907432
  101. The effect of radiographic imaging modalities and the observer's experience on postoperative maxillary cyst assessment vol.44, pp.4, 2004, https://doi.org/10.5624/isd.2014.44.4.301
  102. Disadvantages of using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve to assess imaging tests: A discussion and proposal for an alternative approach vol.25, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-014-3487-0
  103. CT venography for deep venous thrombosis: Can it predict catheter-directed thrombolysis prognosis in patients with iliac vein compression syndrome? vol.31, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-014-0546-1
  104. A comparison of modelled and actual distributions of eleven benthic macroinvertebrate species in a Central European mountain catchment vol.758, pp.1, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2280-7
  105. Dynamic Changes, Cut-Off Points, Sensitivity, and Specificity of Laboratory Data to Differentiate Macrophage Activation Syndrome from Active Disease vol.2015, pp.None, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/424381
  106. Automated Feature Extraction in Brain Tumor by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Gaussian Mixture Models vol.2015, pp.None, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/868031
  107. Computer-Aided Assessment of Tumor Grade for Breast Cancer in Ultrasound Images vol.2015, pp.None, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/914091
  108. The reliability and validity of a Chinese-version Short Health Anxiety Inventory: an investigation of university students vol.11, pp.None, 2004, https://doi.org/10.2147/ndt.s83501
  109. An Anthropometric Prediction Equation for Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass in Combination With a Measure of Muscle Function to Screen for Sarcopenia in Primary and Aged Care vol.16, pp.1, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2014.06.018
  110. Proteomic profiling of human sera for discovery of potential biomarkers to monitor abstinence from alcohol abuse vol.36, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.201400319
  111. A multi-phased study of optimisation methodologies and radiation dose savings for head CT examinations vol.163, pp.4, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncu227
  112. Clinical Significance of Ischemia Modified Albumin in Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis vol.30, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-014-0434-4
  113. Validation of the Symptoms and Functioning Severity Scale in Residential Group Care vol.42, pp.3, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-014-0575-z
  114. Acute prediction of laryngeal outcome during thyroid surgery by electromyographic laryngeal monitoring vol.37, pp.6, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.23676
  115. Differentiating primary and extragenital metastatic mucinous ovarian tumours: an algorithm combining PAX8 with tumour size and laterality vol.68, pp.7, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2015-202951
  116. The relevance of receptive vocabulary in reading comprehension. vol.27, pp.4, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20152015016
  117. A new computational model for human thyroid cancer enhances the preoperative diagnostic efficacy vol.6, pp.29, 2004, https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.4691
  118. Quantitative early decision making metric for identifying irregular breathing in 4DCT : Early decision making metric for identifying irregular breathing vol.42, pp.10, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1118/1.4929636
  119. Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Based on Selected Optimal Combination of Landslide Predisposing Factors in a Large Catchment vol.7, pp.12, 2004, https://doi.org/10.3390/su71215839
  120. Performance of Fasting Plasma Glucose and Postprandial Urine Glucose in Screening for Diabetes in Chinese High-risk Population vol.128, pp.24, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4103/0366-6999.171353
  121. Vesicoureteral refux detection in children: a comparison of the midline-to-orifice distance measurement by ultrasound and voiding urosonography vol.31, pp.6, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-015-3301-5
  122. Extracted magnetic resonance texture features discriminate between phenotypes and are associated with overall survival in glioblastoma multiforme patients vol.54, pp.11, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-016-1461-5
  123. Robust segmentation and intelligent decision system for cerebrovascular disease vol.54, pp.12, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-016-1481-1
  124. INDO-BLIGHTCAST - a model for forecasting late blight across agroecologies vol.62, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2016.1210839
  125. Evaluation of Bioinformatic Programmes for the Analysis of Variants within Splice Site Consensus Regions vol.2016, pp.None, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5614058
  126. Establishing the Psychometric Properties of the ICOAP Questionnaire through Intra-Articular Treatment of Osteoarthritic Pain: Implementation for the Greek Version vol.2016, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6201802
  127. Integrated Analysis of Environment, Cattle and Human Serological Data: Risks and Mechanisms of Transmission of Rift Valley Fever in Madagascar vol.10, pp.7, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004827
  128. Development and Assessment of a Geographic Knowledge-Based Model for Mapping Suitable Areas for Rift Valley Fever Transmission in Eastern Africa vol.10, pp.9, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004999
  129. Ossification of the Medial Clavicular Epiphysis on Chest Radiographs: Utility and Diagnostic Accuracy in Identifying Korean Adolescents and Young Adults under the Age of Majority vol.31, pp.10, 2004, https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2016.31.10.1538
  130. How to Develop, Validate, and Compare Clinical Prediction Models Involving Radiological Parameters: Study Design and Statistical Methods vol.17, pp.3, 2004, https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2016.17.3.339
  131. Comparison of Multidetector CT and Gadobutrol-Enhanced MR Imaging for Evaluation of Small, Solid Pancreatic Lesions vol.17, pp.4, 2004, https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2016.17.4.509
  132. Variability in Observer Performance Between Faculty Members and Residents Using Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS)-Ultrasound, Fifth Edition (2013) vol.13, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5812/iranjradiol.28281
  133. Differences in central and non‐central keratoconus, and their effect on the objective screening thresholds for keratoconus vol.94, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.12899
  134. Use of thermal imaging for identification of foot lesions in dairy cattle vol.66, pp.1, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1080/09064702.2016.1179785
  135. Comparison of a Timing-Based Measure of Unintended Pregnancy and the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy : Comparing Measures of Unintended/Unplanned Pregnancy vol.48, pp.3, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1363/48e11316
  136. Development of Image Reconstruction Algorithm for Chest Digital Tomosynthesis System (CDT) and Evaluation of Dose and Image Quality vol.53, pp.9, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5573/ieie.2016.53.9.143
  137. Classificação de perdas auditivas por grau e configuração e relações com Índice de Inteligibilidade de Fala (SII) amplificado vol.28, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20162015228
  138. Diagnostic Value of Virtual Touch Tissue Imaging Quantification for Evaluating Median Nerve Stiffness in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome : Role of Virtual Touch Tissue Imaging Quantification in Carpal Tunnel S vol.36, pp.9, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1002/jum.14213
  139. Feasibility of Large-Scale Identification of Sessile Serrated Polyp Patients Using Electronic Records: A Utah Study vol.62, pp.6, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-017-4543-9
  140. Optimal specifications for beam calibration checks in radiotherapy calculated with gauge repeatability and reproducibility, and sensitivity and specificity studies vol.3, pp.1, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/aa51dd
  141. Comparison of distinctive models for calculating an interlobar emphysema heterogeneity index in patients prior to endoscopic lung volume reduction vol.12, pp.None, 2004, https://doi.org/10.2147/copd.s133348
  142. Digital breast tomosynthesis plus mammography, magnetic resonance imaging plus mammography and mammography alone: A comparison of diagnostic performance in symptomatic women vol.66, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3233/ch-16242
  143. The Hb E (HBB: c.79G>A), Mean Corpuscular Volume, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Cutoff Points in Double Heterozygous Hb E/- -SEAα-Thalassemia-1 Carriers are Dependent on Hemoglob vol.41, pp.1, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1080/03630269.2017.1295984
  144. Tracking Patterns of Nonadherence to Prescribed CT Protocol Parameters vol.14, pp.2, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2016.08.029
  145. Investigation of liver dysfunction: who should we test for hepatitis E? vol.29, pp.2, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1097/meg.0000000000000781
  146. Cervical and Ocular VEMP Testing in Diagnosing Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence vol.156, pp.5, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599817690720
  147. Simultaneous ATR-FTIR Based Determination of Malaria Parasitemia, Glucose and Urea in Whole Blood Dried onto a Glass Slide vol.89, pp.10, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04578
  148. Administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist on Day 5 increases luteal blood flow and improves pregnancy prediction accuracy on Day 14 in recipient Holstein cows vol.63, pp.4, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2016-128
  149. Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin as a Biomarker for Screening At-Risk Drinking in Elderly Men vol.38, pp.5, 2017, https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2017.38.5.291
  150. Response to questionable usefulness of the everyday abilities scale of India to screen for dementia vol.59, pp.3, 2004, https://doi.org/10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_184_17
  151. A New Low-Rank Representation Based Hyperspectral Image Denoising Method for Mineral Mapping vol.9, pp.11, 2004, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9111145
  152. Effect of non-linearity of a predictor on the shape and magnitude of its receiver-operating-characteristic curve in predicting a binary outcome vol.7, pp.None, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-10408-9
  153. Data Improvement Through Simplification: Implications for Low-Resource Settings vol.42, pp.9, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-018-4535-8
  154. Assessment of image quality in abdominal CT: potential dose reduction with model-based iterative reconstruction vol.28, pp.6, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-017-5113-4
  155. Characterization of Pulmonary Nodules Based on Features of Margin Sharpness and Texture vol.31, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-017-0029-8
  156. The potential value of probabilistic tractography-based for MR-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor vol.17, pp.None, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2017.12.018
  157. “Mix-to-Go” Silver Colloidal Strategy for Prostate Cancer Molecular Profiling and Risk Prediction vol.90, pp.21, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02959
  158. Methodologic Guide for Evaluating Clinical Performance and Effect of Artificial Intelligence Technology for Medical Diagnosis and Prediction vol.286, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2017171920
  159. Comparison of the performance of five screening methods for sarcopenia vol.10, pp.None, 2004, https://doi.org/10.2147/clep.s148638
  160. Unenhanced MRI as an Alternative to 99mTc-Labeled Dimercaptosuccinic Acid Scintigraphy in the Detection of Pediatric Renal Scarring vol.210, pp.4, 2004, https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.17.18379
  161. A phantom study to determine the theoretical accuracy and precision of radial MRI to measure cross‐sectional area differences for the application of coronary endothelial function assessment vol.79, pp.1, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.26646
  162. Cluster signal-to-noise analysis for evaluation of the information content in an image vol.47, pp.1, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20170147
  163. Use of data mining techniques to classify soil CO 2 emission induced by crop management in sugarcane field vol.13, pp.3, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193537
  164. A Comparison Study of Kernel Functions in the Support Vector Machine and Its Application for Termite Detection vol.9, pp.1, 2004, https://doi.org/10.3390/info9010005
  165. Hemolysis area: A new parameter of erythrocyte osmotic fragility for screening of thalassemia trait vol.10, pp.2, 2004, https://doi.org/10.4103/jlp.jlp_136_17
  166. Screening Accuracy of the Brief Infant Toddler Social-Emotional Assessment to Identify Autism Spectrum Disorder in Toddlers Born at Less Than 30 Weeks’ Gestation vol.49, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-017-0768-2
  167. Rethinking an ROC partial area index for evaluating the classification performance at a high specificity range vol.12, pp.3, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11634-017-0295-9
  168. Performance Evaluation Strategies for Eye Gaze Estimation Systems with Quantitative Metrics and Visualizations vol.18, pp.9, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/s18093151
  169. Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis and Clinical Trial Simulation to Inform Dose Titration Decisions vol.7, pp.11, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1002/psp4.12354
  170. Screening Method to Evaluate Amino Acid-Decarboxylase Activity of Bacteria Present in Spanish Artisanal Ripened Cheeses vol.7, pp.11, 2004, https://doi.org/10.3390/foods7110182
  171. Relationship between “a body shape index (ABSI)” and body composition in obese patients with type 2 diabetes vol.10, pp.None, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-018-0323-8
  172. Establishment and application of an artificial intelligence diagnosis system for pancreatic cancer with a faster region-based convolutional neural network vol.132, pp.23, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1097/cm9.0000000000000544
  173. Comparison of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis and Digital Mammography for Detection of Breast Cancer in Kuwaiti Women vol.28, pp.1, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1159/000495753
  174. Smart Detection: An Online Approach for DoS/DDoS Attack Detection Using Machine Learning vol.2019, pp.None, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1574749
  175. Spatial Multicriteria Evaluation for Mapping the Risk of Occurrence of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Eastern Africa and the Union of the Comoros vol.6, pp.None, 2004, https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00455
  176. Predicting the initial spread of novel Asian origin influenza A viruses in the continental USA by wild waterfowl vol.66, pp.2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13070
  177. Does the clinical information play a role in the magnetic resonance diagnostic confidence analysis of ovarian and deep endometriosis? vol.92, pp.1096, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20180548
  178. Measurement of Pancreatic Fat Fraction by CT Histogram Analysis to Predict Pancreatic Fistula after Pancreaticoduodenectomy vol.20, pp.4, 2004, https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2018.0557
  179. Multidetector CT findings differ between surgical grades of pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy vol.29, pp.5, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-018-5916-y
  180. Evaluating a Fully Automated Pulmonary Nodule Detection Approach and Its Impact on Radiologist Performance vol.1, pp.3, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1148/ryai.2019180084
  181. A Receiver Operating Characteristic Framework for Non-adherence Detection Using Drug Concentration Thresholds-Application to Simulated Risperidone Data in Schizophrenic Patients vol.21, pp.3, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1208/s12248-019-0299-9
  182. Connectivity‐based selection of optimal deep brain stimulation contacts: A feasibility study vol.6, pp.7, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1002/acn3.784
  183. Trajectory-based gait pattern shift detection for assistive robotics applications vol.12, pp.3, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-019-00280-z
  184. Cascade Impactor Equivalence Testing: Comparison of the Performance of the Modified Chi-Square Ratio Statistic (mCSRS) with the Original CSRS and EMA’s Average Bioequivalence Approach vol.20, pp.6, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-019-1443-7
  185. EXTERNAL VALIDATION OF A PREDICTIVE MODEL FOR ACUTE PANCREATITIS RISK IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA vol.25, pp.8, 2004, https://doi.org/10.4158/ep-2018-0599
  186. IDUA, NDST1, SAP30L, CRYBA4, and SI as novel prognostic signatures clear cell renal cell carcinoma vol.234, pp.9, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.28297
  187. Psoas cross-sectional area as a predictor of mortality and a diagnostic tool for sarcopenia in hip fracture patients vol.37, pp.5, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-019-00986-1
  188. Commercial Devices-Based System Designed to Improve the Treatment Adherence of Hypertensive Patients vol.19, pp.20, 2004, https://doi.org/10.3390/s19204539
  189. Cortisol stress response in psychosis from the high-risk to the chronic stage: a systematic review vol.36, pp.4, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2019.27
  190. Modelling temporal dynamics of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) populations on Reunion Island (Indian Ocean), vectors of viruses of veterinary importance vol.12, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3812-1
  191. Effects of a Government-Academic Partnership: Has the NSF-CENSUS Bureau Research Network Helped Improve the US Statistical System? vol.7, pp.4, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1093/jssam/smy023
  192. A card agglutination test for dog erythrocyte antigen 1 (DEA 1) blood typing in donor dogs: Determining an appropriate cutoff to detect positivity using a receiver operating characteristic curve vol.48, pp.4, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1111/vcp.12788
  193. Aplicações da curva ROC em estudos clínicos e experimentais vol.19, pp.None, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1590/1677-5449.200186
  194. A tiered system using substantial clinical benefit and patient acceptable symptomatic state scores to evaluate 2-year outcomes of hip arthroscopy with the Hip Outcome Score vol.7, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhps/hnz074
  195. Dual-Energy CT to Differentiate Small Foci of Intracranial Hemorrhage from Calcium vol.294, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2019190792
  196. Early Prediction of Corpus Luteum Functionality Using an Imaging Software vol.7, pp.None, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00299
  197. The Predictive Validity of the HCR20v3 within Scottish Forensic Inpatient Facilities: A Closer Look at Key Dynamic Variables vol.19, pp.1, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2019.1618999
  198. Dabigatran Level Before Reversal Can Predict Hemostatic Effectiveness of Idarucizumab in a Real-World Setting vol.7, pp.None, 2004, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.599626
  199. Artificial Intelligence in Dermatology-Where We Are and the Way to the Future: A Review vol.21, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40257-019-00462-6
  200. Clinical utility of the Liver Frailty Index for predicting muscle atrophy in chronic liver disease patients with hepatocellular carcinoma vol.50, pp.3, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1111/hepr.13453
  201. Deep learning approach for microarray cancer data classification vol.5, pp.1, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1049/trit.2019.0028
  202. Radial diffusivity is the best global biomarker able to discriminate healthy elders, mild cognitive impairment, and alzheimer's disease: A diagnostic study of DTI-derived data vol.68, pp.2, 2004, https://doi.org/10.4103/0028-3886.284376
  203. Disparate diagnostic accuracy of lung function tests as predictors of poor asthma control in children vol.57, pp.3, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1080/02770903.2019.1566471
  204. Defining Variations in Outcomes of Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Using the 12-Item International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12) vol.48, pp.5, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546520906408
  205. Can donor narratives yield insights? A natural language processing proof of concept to facilitate kidney allocation vol.20, pp.4, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.15705
  206. Optimal Cut-Off Value of the Coracohumeral Ligament Area as a Morphological Parameter to Confirm Frozen Shoulder vol.35, pp.15, 2004, https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e99
  207. Risk factors for sodium overcorrection in non-hypovolemic hyponatremia patients treated with tolvaptan vol.76, pp.5, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-020-02848-6
  208. Prediction models for prostate cancer to be used in the primary care setting: a systematic review vol.10, pp.7, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034661
  209. Corpus Luteum Color Doppler Ultrasound and Pregnancy Outcome in Buffalo during the Transitional Period vol.10, pp.7, 2004, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10071181
  210. Label-Free Immunoassay of Carcinoembryonic Antigen by Microfluidic Channel Biosensor Based on Imaging Ellipsometry and Its Clinic Application vol.209, pp.1, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1080/10584587.2020.1728800
  211. Further extensions of precision medicine to behavior analysis: A demonstration using functional communication training vol.53, pp.4, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.739
  212. Curative anticoagulation prevents endothelial lesion in COVID‐19 patients vol.18, pp.9, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.14968
  213. Comparison of Panitumumab-IRDye800CW and 5-Aminolevulinic Acid to Provide Optical Contrast in a Model of Glioblastoma Multiforme vol.19, pp.9, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0819
  214. Bankruptcy Prediction with the Use of Data Envelopment Analysis: An Empirical Study of Slovak Businesses vol.13, pp.9, 2004, https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm13090212
  215. Chemical profiling and discrimination of green tea and Pu-erh raw tea based on UPLC–Q–Orbitrap–MS/MS and chemometrics vol.326, pp.None, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126760
  216. Me-too validation study for in vitro skin irritation test with a reconstructed human epidermis model, KeraSkin™ for OECD test guideline 439 vol.117, pp.None, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104725
  217. A Screening Tool for Patients With Lumbar Instability : A Criteria-related Validity of Thai Version vol.45, pp.21, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1097/brs.0000000000003606
  218. Key principles of clinical validation, device approval, and insurance coverage decisions of artificial intelligence vol.63, pp.11, 2004, https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2020.63.11.696
  219. Natural language processing and machine learning to enable automatic extraction and classification of patients’ smoking status from electronic medical records vol.125, pp.4, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1080/03009734.2020.1792010
  220. Computational MHC-I epitope predictor identifies 95% of experimentally mapped HIV-1 clade A and D epitopes in a Ugandan cohort vol.20, pp.None, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-4876-4
  221. Increased structural connectivity of thalamic stimulation sites to motor cortex relates to tremor suppression vol.30, pp.None, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102628
  222. Exacerbating factors in elderly patients with Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease vol.149, pp.None, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268821000960
  223. Expression of the cancer stem cell marker OCT4 is associated with worse prognosis and survival in cutaneous melanoma vol.31, pp.5, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1097/cmr.0000000000000767
  224. Collaborative spectrum sensing for cognitive visible light communications vol.29, pp.11, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.427776
  225. Location-aware spectrum sensing for cognitive visible light communications over multipath channels vol.29, pp.26, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.445712
  226. The diagnostic and discriminatory value of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in acute appendicitis vol.3, pp.3, 2004, https://doi.org/10.18772/26180197.2021.v3n3a2
  227. A Virtual Supermarket Program for the Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: Diagnostic Accuracy Study vol.9, pp.4, 2021, https://doi.org/10.2196/30919
  228. Key Principles of Clinical Validation, Device Approval, and Insurance Coverage Decisions of Artificial Intelligence vol.22, pp.3, 2004, https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2021.0048
  229. Validation of single‐step GBLUP genomic predictions from threshold models using the linear regression method: An application in chicken mortality vol.138, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1111/jbg.12507
  230. Determination of Cutoff Values for the Screening of Osteosarcopenia in Obese Postmenopausal Women vol.2021, pp.None, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6634474
  231. Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease by Time-Dependent Power Spectrum Descriptors and Convolutional Neural Network Using EEG Signal vol.2021, pp.None, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5511922
  232. Rehabilitation outcomes after proximal humeral fracture: An observational study vol.41, pp.2, 2004, https://doi.org/10.3233/ppr-200412
  233. Remotely Piloted Aircraft and Random Forest in the Evaluation of the Spatial Variability of Foliar Nitrogen in Coffee Crop vol.13, pp.8, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081471
  234. Biting the Bullet: Firearm Ownership in Persons with Dementia. A Registry-Based Observational Study vol.81, pp.1, 2004, https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-201365
  235. Assessment of the Sun Nuclear ArcCHECK to detect errors in 6MV FFF VMAT delivery of brain SABR using ROC analysis vol.22, pp.6, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1002/acm2.13276
  236. Outcomes for Minimally Invasive Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma in Relation to the Change in Age Stratification in the AJCC 8th Edition vol.28, pp.7, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-020-09397-3
  237. A network pharmacology approach to uncover the key ingredients in Ginkgo Folium and their anti-Alzheimer’s disease mechanisms vol.13, pp.14, 2021, https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.203348
  238. A Comprehensive Study of Data Augmentation Strategies for Prostate Cancer Detection in Diffusion-Weighted MRI Using Convolutional Neural Networks vol.34, pp.4, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-021-00478-7
  239. Landslide susceptibility zonation of the Western Ghats region in Thiruvananthapuram district (Kerala) using geospatial tools: A comparison of the AHP and Fuzzy-AHP methods vol.3, pp.3, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42797-021-00042-0
  240. Gas Chromatographic Fingerprint Analysis for the Comparison of Seized Cannabis Samples vol.26, pp.21, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216643
  241. Sexual differences in human cranial morphology: Is one sex more variable or one region more dimorphic? vol.304, pp.12, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24626
  242. Preoperative neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio predicts the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell cancer patients undergoing minimally invasive esophagectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy vol.124, pp.7, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1002/jso.26611
  243. Grip strength as a predictor of depressive symptoms among vulnerable elderly Europeans with musculoskeletal conditions vol.11, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00751-3
  244. Exploring grip strength as a predictor of depression in middle-aged and older adults vol.11, pp.1, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95566-7
  245. Role of pre-operative red cell distribution width estimation in the prediction of in-hospital mortality after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting vol.16, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-021-01612-w
  246. Spatio-temporal modelling of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) populations on Reunion Island (Indian Ocean) vol.14, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04780-9
  247. Experimental and numerical diagnosis of fatigue foot using convolutional neural network vol.24, pp.16, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1080/10255842.2021.1921164
  248. Accuracy of Using Mid-Upper Arm Circumference to Detect Wasting Among Children Aged 6–59 Months in Nepal vol.9, pp.4, 2004, https://doi.org/10.9745/ghsp-d-20-00450
  249. Diagnostic Performance of an Artificial Intelligence System in Breast Ultrasound vol.41, pp.1, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1002/jum.15684
  250. Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment: Modifications for Identifying Maternal Morbidity and Mortality in Obstetrical Patients vol.39, pp.1, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1735624