The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY (한국해양학회지:바다)

The Korean Society of Oceanography (한국해양학회)
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An Evaluation of the Environmental Effects of Marine Cage Fish Farms: I. Estimation of Impact Region and Organic Carbon Cycling in Sediment Using Sediment Oxygen Consumption Rates and Macrozoobenthos

해상 어류가두리양식장의 환경영향평가: I. 퇴적물 산소소모율 및 저서동물을 이용한 유기물 오염영향권 추정 및 유기탄소 순환

  • 이재성 (국립수산과학원 남해수산연구소 자원환경팀) ;
  • 정래홍 (국립수산과학원 남해수산연구소 자원환경팀) ;
  • 김기현 (충남대학교 해양학과) ;
  • 권정노 (국립수산과학원 양식환경연구소) ;
  • 이원찬 (국립수산과학원 환경관리팀) ;
  • 이필용 (국립수산과학원 남해수산연구소 자원환경팀) ;
  • 구준호 (국립수산과학원 환경관리팀) ;
  • 최우정 (국립수산과학원 환경관리팀)
  • Published : 2004.02.01
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Abstract

In order to understand the environmental impact of marine cage fish farms, we measured the vertical fluxes of particulate to the sediment, the distribution of organic carbon in core samples, sediment oxygen consumption rate (SOD), and macrobenthos with increasing distance from a fish cage in Miruk island located in Tongyong. The experiment was performed in August 2003. Measured values gradually decreased with distance, indicating that the organic matter in the sediment derived from the fish farm. The dominant macrobenthos species were Tharyx mulifilis, Lumbrineris longifolia, Sigambra tentaculata, and Capitella capitata, occupying 88% of the total population. Capirella capirata, an opportunistic polychaete species, were especially abundant between 0 to 5 m radius range. The estimated impact regions of organic matter enrichment based on sediment consilmption rates and compositions of macrobenthos were in good agreement. Most organic matter derived from the fish farm was deposited within a 10 m radius and then dispersed horizontally to nearby (at least 50 m) surface sediment. The vertical organic carbon fluxes to the sediment at the fish farm were higher by a factor of two than those outside the area. The remineralization organic carbon in the upper sediment layer was estimated to be 50% (1.07 g C m$^{-2}$ day$^{-1}$ ) at the fish farm. In contrast, outside the area, 30% (0.30 g C m$^{-2}$ day$^{-1}$ ) of organic carbon was recycled and the remaining 70% was deposited to the deep sediment layer.

해상 어류가두리 양식장이 주변 환경에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 2003년 8월에 경남 통영시 미륵도에 설치된 해상 어류가두리양식장에서 거리를 증가시키면서 퇴적물로 유입되는 입자물질의 침강 플럭스, 퇴적물 내 유기탄소의 수직분포, 퇴적물의 산소소모율, 저서동물의 군집을 분석하였다. 입자 유기물 침강 플럭스, 표층 퇴적물의 유기탄소 농도 및 퇴적물의 산소소모율은 가두리에서 멀어질수록 점차 감소하는 양상을 보여 가두리양식장에서 유출된 유기물이 주변으로 확산되는 것을 나타냈다. 저서동물 중 다모류인 Tharyx multifilis, Lumbrineris longifolia, Siganlbra tentaculata, Capitella capitata가 전체 군집에 88%를 차지하여 우점하였으며, 특히 오염지표종인 Capitella cupitata는 반경 5 m이내에서만 출현하였다. 퇴적물의 산소소모율 및 저서동물의 군집을 이용하여 추정한 유기물의 오염 영향권이 잘 일치하여 가두리양식장을 중심으로 반경 10 m내외에 유기물이 집중적으로 퇴적되고 있으며 최소한 50 m까지 영향을 주는 것으로 파악되었다. 가두리양식장에서 퇴적물로 유입되는 유기탄소 플럭스는 2.14 g C m$^{-2}$ day$^{-1}$으로 가두리양식장에서 50 m떨어진 지점에 비해 약 2배 정도 큰 수치였다. 또한 유입된 유기물 중 약 50%(1.07 g C m$^{-2}$ day$^{-1}$)가 상부층에서 분해되었다. 반면 50 m 저점에서는 유입된 유기탄소 중 30%(0.30 g C m$^{-2}$ day$^{-1}$)가 재순환되며 나머지 70%는 퇴적되는 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

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