Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
권호 표지

Effect of Dried Powders or Ethanol Extracts of Onion Flesh and Peel on Lipid Metabolism, Antioxidative and Antithrombogenic Capacities in 16-Month-Old Rats

양파의 육질과 껍질의 건분 및 에탄을 추출물에 노령흰쥐의 지방대사와 항산화능 및 항혈전능에 미치는 영향

  • 김순기 (이화여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김미경 (이화여자대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2004.10.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was performed to investigate effect of dried powder or ethanol extracts of onion flesh and peel intakes on lipid metabolism, antioxidative and antithrombogenic capacities in l6-month -old rats. Total of 40 Sprague-Dawley male rats of l6-month-old and weighing 816$\pm$6g were blocked into 5 groups according to body weight and raised for three months with control and experimental diets containing 5% (w/w) of dried powders of onion flesh or peel or ethanol extracts from equal amount of each dried powder. Contents of total flavonoids and total dietary fibers in peel powder were highest among onion preparations. Body weight gain and epididymal pad fat weight were lower in peel powder group than other groups. Plasma total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations of onion-containing groups were lower than control group. Above all, peel ethanol extract intake decreased them most remarkably. Plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations in onion-containing groups were higher than control group, especially that of flesh powder group was the highest among groups. Liver total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations were not significantly different among all experimental groups. However, liver total lipid and triglyceride concentrations were tended to be lower in onion-containing groups than control group. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentrations in LDL + VLDL fraction was not significantly affected by onion intakes, However peel powder group showed the lowest concentration, Plasma TX $B_2$ concentrations in onion flesh powder, peel powder and peel ethanol extract groups were lower than control group, while plasma 6-keto-PG $F_{1a}$ concentrations in these same groups were higher than control group. Clotting time was tended to be increased in peel ethanol extract group. In conclusion onion diets seemed to improve lipid metabolism and antithrombogenic capacity while effect on antioxidative was not significant.t.

Keywords

References

  1. National Institution of Health. Lowering blood cholesterol to prevent heart disease. J Am Med Assoc 253: 2080-2086, 1985 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.253.14.2080
  2. Gareth G, Laurence T, Timoth C, Brian T, Brian S. Onions- a global benefit to health. Phytother Res 16: 603-615, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1222
  3. World Health Organization (WHO). World health report, 2003
  4. Bang HO and Dyerberg J. Plasma lipids and ischemic heart disease in Greenland Eskimos. Adv Nutr Res 3: 1-9, 1980
  5. Block E. Antithrombotic organosnlfur compounds from garlic. J Am Soc 108: 1045-1050, 1986
  6. Ali M, Thomon M, Afzal M. Garlic and onions: their effect on eicosanoids metabolism and its clinical relevance. Prostaglandins. Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 52 (2): 55-73, 2000
  7. Ra KS, Suh HJ, Chung SH, Son JY. Antioxident activity of solvent extract from onion skin. Korean J Food Sci Technol 26 (3) : 595-600, 1997
  8. Patil BS, Plike LM, Hamilton BK. Changes in quercetin concentration in onion (Allium cepa L) owing to location, growth, storage and soil type. New Phytol 130: 349-355, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1995.tb01829.x
  9. Hermann K. Flavonoids and flavones in food plants, A review. J Food Tech 11 (4) : 433, 1976
  10. Bravo L. Polyphenols: chemistry, dietary Sources, metabolism and nutritional significance. Nutr Reviews 51 (11): 317-333, 1998
  11. Son JY, Son HS, Cho WD. Antioxident effect of onion skin extract. Korean J Soc Food Sci 14(1): 16-20,1998
  12. Freucenbeim JL, Marshall JR, Vena JE, Laughlin R, Brasure JR, Swanson MK, Nemoto T, Graham S. Premenopausal breast cancer risk and intake of vegetables, fruits and realted nutrients. J Natl Cancer Inst 88: 340-348, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/88.6.340
  13. Block E. The organosulfur chemistry of the genus Allium implications for the organic chemistry of sulfur. Angew Chem I Int Engl 3: 1335-1178, 1992
  14. Block E, Naganatha S, Putnam D, Zhao S. Allium chemistry: HPLC ananiysis of thiosulfinates from onion, garlic, wild garlic (Ramsorns) , leek, scallion, shallot, elephant (great-headed) garlic, chive and Chinese chive. Uniquely high allyl to methyl rations in some garlic samples. J Agric Food Chem 40: 2418-2430,1992 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00024a017
  15. Bang HA, Cho JS. Antioxidant effects on various solvent extracts from onion peel and onion flesh. J of Korean Dietetic Association 4(1): 14-19,1998
  16. Nishimure T, Surnimoto T, Yakusji T, Kunita N. Determination of total dietary fiber in japanese foods. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 74: 350-359, 1991
  17. Gordon DT. The importance of total dietary fiber in human nutrition and health. Kor J Nutr 25 (1): 75-76, 1992
  18. Vahnouny GV, Khalafi R, Satchithandam S, Watkins DW, Story lA, Cassidy MM, Kritchevsky D. Dietary fiber supplementation and fecal bile acids, neutral steroids and divalent cations in rats. J Nutr 117: 2009-2015,1987
  19. Korea statistical year book. Notional statistical office. Republic of Korea, 1999
  20. Joo ST, Hur JI, Lee JR, Kim DH, Ha YR, Park GB. Influence of dietary onion peel on lipid oxidation, blood characteristics and antimutagenicity of pork during storage. Kor J Anim Sci 41 (6): 671-678,1991
  21. Kang YR, Park YK, Ha TY, Moon KD. Effects of pine needle extracts on serum and liver lipid contents in rats fed hugh fat diet. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 25 (3): 367-373, 1996
  22. Lee SC, Prosky LD, EYries JW. Determination of total soluble and insoluble dietary fiber in food- enzymatic gravimatic method. MES-TRIS buffer: Collaborative study. J Assoc Anal Chem 75: 395-416, 1992
  23. Yook GJ, Lee HJ, Kim MK. Effect of chestnut and Acorn on lipid metabolism, antioxidative capacity and andtithrombotic capacity in rat. Kor J Nutri 35 (2): 171-182, 2002
  24. Frings CS, Dunm RT. A colorimetric method for determination of total serum lipid based on the su1furic-phospho-vanillin reaction. Am J Clin Nutr 53: 89, 1970
  25. Bligh EG, Dyer WI. A rapid method for total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochern Physiol 37: 911-917,1959
  26. Sjoblom L, Eklund A. Determination of HD$L_2$ cholesterol by precipitation with dextran sulfate and magnesium chloride establishing optimal conditions for rat plasma. Lipids 24: 532-534, 1989 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02535134
  27. Lowy OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL and Randle RI. Protein measurement with folin phenol regent. J Bioi Chem 193: 265-275, 1951
  28. Ferenoux JM, Noirot B, Prost ED, Modani S, Blond JP, Prost JL. Very high alpha-tocopherol diet diminishes oxidative stress and hyperconagulation in hypertensive rats but not in normatensive rat. Med Sci Monit 8 (10): BR 401 407,2002
  29. Yun Ep, Kang OS, Lee MA. The antithrombotic effects of green tea, Catecin. Fd Hyg Safety 11 (2): 77-82, 1996
  30. Deshaies Y, Begin F, Savoie L, Vanchon C. Attention of the mealinduced increase in plasma lipids and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase by guar gum in rat. J Nutr 120(1): 64-70, 1990
  31. Kim HJ, Bae KH, Lee HJ, Eun JB, Kim MK. Effect of Hesperidin extracted from tangerine peel on Cd and lipid metabolism, and antioxidant capacity in rat. Korean J Nutrition 332 (2): 137-149, 1999
  32. Herrmana K. Flavonoids and flavones in food plants, a review. J Food Tech 11: 433-439, 1976 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1976.tb00743.x
  33. Um, Kim MK. Effect of grape intakes on lipid metabolism of rats during aging. Kor J Nutr 35 (7) : 713-28, 2002
  34. Sheo HJ, Jung DL. Effects of onion juice on serum lipid level in rats. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 25 (6) : 1164-1172,1997
  35. An SJ, Kim MK. Effect of dry powders, ethanol extracts and juices of radish and onion on lipid metabolism and antioxidative capacity in rat. Kor J Nutr 34(5): 513-524, 2001
  36. Muramatsu K, Fukyo M, Hara Y. Effect of green tea catechins on plasma cholesterol level in cholesterol-fed rats. J Nutr Sci Vitarninol 32: 613-622, 1986
  37. Yugarani T. Tan BK. Teh M, Das NP. Effect of polypheolic natural products in the lipid profiles of rats fed high fat diets. Lipids 27(3): 181-186,1992 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02536175
  38. Matin-Carron N, Saura-Calixto F, Go$\~{n}i I, ALarrauri J, GarciaAlonso A, Saura-Calixto F. Reduction in serum total LDL cholesterol concentrations by a dietary fiber and ployphenol-rich grape product in hypercholesterolemic rats. Nur Research 9: 1183-1188, 2000
  39. Kang JA, Kang JS. Effect of garlic and onion on plasma and liver cholesterol and triacylglycerol and platelet aggregation in rat fed basal or cholesterol supplemented diets. Korea J Nutr 30 (2): 132-138, 1997
  40. An BJ, Lee IL. Screening of biological activity for phenolic fraction from onion. Korea J Psthrvest Sci Tech 8 (2): 224-230, 2001
  41. Hong JW, Kim IH, Kwon OS, Lee SH, Rhee HW, Kim ES. Effects of dietary supplementation on growth performance and cholesterol level of blood in finishing pigs. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 30 (2) : 368-371,2001
  42. Yang JL, Sub MJ, Song YS. Effects of dietary fiber on cholesterol metabolism in cholesterol fed rats. J Korea Soc Food Nutr 25 (3): 392-398, 1996
  43. Shneeman BO. Soluble vs insoluble fiber-different physiological responses. J Food Technol 41 (2) : 81-82,1987
  44. Katia T, Pierre B, rouanet JM. Dietary grape seed tannic effect lipoproteins, lipoprotein lipase and tissue lipids in rat fed hypercholesterolemic diets. J Nutr 124: 2457, 1994
  45. Yungarani T, Tan BK, Das NP, The effect of tannic acid in serum lipid parameters and tissue lipid peroxide in the spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar Kyoto rat. Plant Media 59: 28-31, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-959598
  46. Glasser G, Graefe EU, Struck F, Veit M, Gebhardt R Comparison of antioxidative capacities and inhibitory effect on cholesterol biosynthesis of quercetin and potential metabolites. Phytomedicine 9: 33-40, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1078/0944-7113-00080
  47. Sanunani GS, Desai DB, Gorhe NH, Natu SM, Prise DV, Sainnani PG. Effect of dietary garlic and onion on sertJrn lipid profile injain community. Ind J Med Res 69: 776,1979
  48. Bordia A, Verma SK, Vyas K, Khabya BL, Rathore AS, Rhu N. Effects of essential oil of onion and garlic on experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits. Atherosclerosis 26: 379, 1977 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9150(77)90092-2
  49. Snapper I. Chinese lessons to western medicine. Interscience Publication INC. New York, pp.160, 1941
  50. Han SY, Anno T, Yanagita T. S-propyl cysteine reduces the secretion of apolipoprotein Bloo and triacylglycerol by HepG2 Cell. Nutrition 18: 505-509, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-9007(02)00749-9
  51. Lim WK, Yu BP, Chung HY. Effects of aging and dietary restriction on free radical generation and GSH/GSSG level in rat tissue. Kor J Gerontol 7 (3) : 92-97, 1997
  52. Flob$\'{e}$ L, Becker R, Brigelius R, Lengfelder E and Otting F. Convenient assays for speroxide dismutase. CRC and Book of Free Radicals and Antioxidants in Biomedicine, pp.287-293, 1992
  53. Ferrali M, Signorni C, Caciotti B, Sugherini L, Ciccoli L, Giachetti D, Comporti M. Protection against oxidative damage of erythrocyt membrane by the flavonoid quercetin and its relation to iron chelating activity. FEBS Letters 416: 123-129, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(97)01182-4
  54. O' Reilly J, Pollard L, Leake D, Sanders TAB, Wiseman H. Quercetin in a potent inhibitor of oxidative damage to human LDL isolated from fresh and frozen plasma. Proc Nutr Soc 56: 287A, 1997
  55. Griffith L. Manunalian metabolism of flavonoids. In Harborne J, Mabry T, eds. The flavonoids; advance in research. Chapman and Hall. London, pp.681-718, 1982
  56. Nelson DL, Cos MM. Leninger Principles of Biochemistry 3rd ed, 2001
  57. Moon CH, Jung YS, Kim H, Lee H, Baik EJ, Park Sw. Mechanism for antiplatelet effect of onion: AA release inhibition thromboxane A2 synthase inhibition and $TXA_2/PGH_2$ receptors blockade. Prostagladins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 62 (5) : 277-283, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1054/plef.2000.0155
  58. Fawzy AA, Yishwanath BS, Franson RC. Inhibition of human non-pancreatic phospholipase$A_2$ by retinoids and flavonoids. Mechanism of action. Agents Actions 25: 394-4000, 1988 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01965048
  59. Liang YC, Huang YT, Tsai SH, Lin-Shiau SY, Chen CF, Lin JK. Suppression of inducible cyclooxygenase and inducible nitric oxide synthase by apigenin and related flavonoids in mouse rnacrophages. Carcinogenesis 20(10): 1945-1952,1999 https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/20.10.1945
  60. Tzeng SH, Ko WC, Ko FN, Teng CM. Inhibition of platelet aggregation by some flavonoids. Thrombosis Reserch 64: 91-100, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1016/0049-3848(91)90208-E
  61. Lanza FB, Stiertle A, Corre G, Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors prevent aggregation of human platelets by raising cyclic AMP and reducing cytoplasmic free calcium mobilization. Thrombosis Reserch 45: 477-484, 1987 https://doi.org/10.1016/0049-3848(87)90310-0
  62. Nijveld RJ, van Nood E, D van Hoorn DE, Boelens PG, van Norren K, van Leeuwen PA. Flavovnoids: a review of probable mechanisms of action and potential application. Am J Clin Nutr 74:418-425, 2001