DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Study on Decline of Trees by Acid Rainfall

산성 강우에 의한 수목의 쇠퇴현상(I) - 음이온을 중심으로 -

  • Lee, Chong-Kyu (Forest Environment Research Institute of Gyeongsang nam-do) ;
  • Hwang, Jin-Hyoung (Division of Forest Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Kim, Jong-Kab (Division of Forest Science, Gyeongsang National Univ.)
  • Published : 2004.12.01

Abstract

This study was carried out to analyze pH, Electrical conductivity(EC), cation and anion on rainfall and throughfall raining at industrial area(Onsan and Nongso of Ulsan city), suburban area(Myeongsek-myeon of Jinju city) and rural area(Haman and Changyoung-gun), and to investigate $SO_2\;and\;NO_2$ concentration in the air of industrial area and rural area, and to survey degree of decline of Pinus thunbergii growing at each area. The rainfall pH was higher than the throughfall pH at the all surveyed areas. The rainfall pH and throughfall pH was $4.76{\sim}5.15\;and\;4.64{\sim}4.98,\;4.95{\sim}5.30\;and\;4.87{\sim}5.13,\;5.29{\sim}5.76\;and\;5.12{\sim}5.73$ at the industrial area, suburban area and rural area, respectively. The EC of rainfall and throughfall was $13.64{\sim}17.22\;and\;41.60{\sim}103.59,\;4.18{\sim}8.65\;and\;17.02{\sim}23.89,\;4.09{\sim}6.65\;and\;13.75{\sim}21.44$ at the industrial area, suburban area and rural area, respectively. Generally EC at the industrial area was higher than those of suburban area and rural area. In the correlation analysis among Degree of decline on Pinus thunbergii and ingredients of rainfall, it showed that there was a negative correlation between Degree of decline and pH. There was a positive correlation between pH and $Cl^-$ respectively.

대기오염으로 인하여 산성비의 영향을 받고 있는 공단지역과 도시 근교 지역, 농촌 지역으로 나누어 각 산림지역 내에 있는 임외우와 수관 통과우에 대한 강우의 pH, EC 및 이온특성, 대기중 $SO_2,\;NO_2$의 농도, 해송림의 쇠퇴도를 분석하였다. 도시 근교 및 농촌 지역의 임외우는 $pH\;5.29{\sim}5.76$으로 공단지역보다 높게 나타났다. 수관 통과우는 공단 지역(온산, 농소)이 $pH\;4.64{\sim}4.98$, 도시 근교 지역(진주)이 $pH\;4.87{\sim}5.13$이었으며 전기전도도는 농촌 지역이나 도시 근교 지역보다 공단 지역이 높게 조사되었다. 임외우와 수관 통과의 음이온 중 $SO_4^{2-}$는 공단 지역이 농촌지역에 비해 각각 3배, 8배 이상 높게 나타났다. 해송의 쇠퇴도와 강우의 음이온 성분간의 상관분석을 실시한 결과는 해송의 쇠퇴도와 강우의 pH(r=-0.8374), pH와 $Cl^-$(r=-0.9324)이온 간에는 부의 상관이 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. 김동엽, 유정환, 채지석, 차순형. 1996. 대기오염물질의 산림생태계내 유입과 토양의 화학적 특성분석. 한국임학회지 85(1): 84-95
  2. 심상규. 1996. 우리나라 산성비 특성과 감시망 현황. 첨단환경기술 4(8): 2-9
  3. 이총규. 1999. 산성강하물이 산림쇠퇴에 미치는 영향. 경상대학교 박사학위논문. 103 p
  4. 이총규, 김종갑, 조현서. 1998. 수목피해와 산성강하물의 관련성에 관한 연구. 환경생태학회지 12(2): 131-137
  5. 임업연구원. 1993. 대기오염에 의한 산림피해의 동태 및 관리조사 방법. 3-10
  6. 환경청. 1993. 산성우조사법. 일본산성우조사연구회. 123-171
  7. Cape, J.N. and D. Fowler. 1981. Changes in epicuticular wax of Pinus sylvestris exposed to polluted air. Silva Fennica 15: 457-458
  8. Cowling, E.B. 1982. Acid precipitation un historical perspetive. Environ. Sci. Technol. 16(2): 10-35
  9. Garrec, J., C. Kerfourn and E. Laitat. 1989. Etude des surfaces folires des arbres depenssants. In air pollution and forest dec1ine(eds. J. B. Bucher and I. Bucherwallin proc. 14th Int.) Meeting for specialists in air pollution effects on forest ecosystems. IUFR0 P2. 05: 141-146
  10. Guderian, R. 1985. Air pollution by photochemical oxidants. Ecolo-gical studies 52. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Germany. pp. 296
  11. Hales, J.M. 1972 fundamentals of the theory of gas scavenging by rain. Atomospheric Environment 6: 653-659
  12. Hiraki, T., M. Tamald, H. Mitsugi and H. Watanabe. 1985. Estimation of air pollution by rainwater components. Bull. of Hyogo Prefectural Pollution Station 17: 6-11
  13. Larssen, T. and G.R. Carmichael. 2000. Acid rain and acidification in China : The importance of base deposition. Environment Pollution 110: 89-102 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00279-1
  14. Sheppard, L.J., I.D. Leith, and J.N. Cape. 1994. Effects of acid mist on mature grafts of Sitka Spruce. Part I. Frost hardiness and foliar nutrient concentrations. Environmental Pollution 85: 229-238
  15. Smith, W.H. 1990. Air pollution and foersts. Springer Verlag New York Inc. New York. 117-290
  16. Wang, T.J., L.S. Jin, Z.K. Li and K.S. Lam. 2000. A modeling study on acid rain and recommended dmission control strategies in China. Atomospheric Environment 34: 4467-4477 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00101-1
  17. Whitehead, P.G., S. Bird, M. Homung, J. Cosby, C. Neal and P.Paricos. 1988. Stream acidification trends in the welsh uplands - a modelling study of the Llyn Brianne catchments J. of Hydrology. 101: 191-212 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(88)90035-2
  18. Zunckel, M., L. Robertson, P.D. Tyson and H. Rodhe. 2000. Modelled transport and deposition of sulphur over Southern Africa. Atomospheric Environment 34: 2797-2808 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00495-1
  19. 小林禧樹. 1995. 山林樹冠への酸性沈着の影響評價-乾性沈着溶分別評價法檢討. 環境科學會誌 8(1): 25-34
  20. 下原孝章. 1993. 大氣中の酸注降下物の動態と沈着評價(1). 大氣汚染學會誌 28(5): 295-307