KSBB Journal

The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (한국생물공학회)
권호 표지

Inhibitory Effect of Gardenia Fruit Extracts on Tyrosinase Activity and Melanogenesis

치자 열매 추출물의 Tyrosinase 효소활성 저해 및 Melanogenesis 억제 효과

  • 곽정훈 (신화제약(주) 연구소) ;
  • 김용해 (신화제약(주) 연구소) ;
  • 장해룡 (동국대학교 자연과학대학 생명과학과) ;
  • 박철우 (동국대학교 대학원 생물학과) ;
  • 한영환 (신화제약(주) 연구소)
  • Published : 2004.12.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

To determine the inhibition of tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis, gardenia fruit was extracted initially with $95\%$ ethanol (w/v), The ethanol extract was fractionated subsequently with hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate in that order. The inhibitory effect of the ethanol extract on tyrosinase activity was higher than water extract. When 10 mg/mL of ethyl acetate fraction was applied, the inhibition ratio of tyrosinase activity was much higher ($99.7{\pm}0.1\%$) than that of arbutin. The inhibition of melanogenesis using B16F10 melanoma cell, the ethanol extract also showed higher inhibitory effect than water extract. The highest inhibitory activity of melanogenesis was also shown in ethyl acetate fraction ($89.1{\pm}1.4\%$ at the cone. of $100\;{\mu}g/mL$). These results suggests that gardenia extracts might be used to be a potential agents for whitening.

치자 열매 추출물로부터 미백제 개발을 위해 항산화, 항균, 항암 등 생리활성을 가지는 치자로부터 tyrosinase 효소활성 저해와 B16F10 melanoma cell을 이용한 melanogenesis 억제 효과를 실험하였다. Tyrosine을 기질로 사용하여 ethanol, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate 용매 및 증류수 추출물에 대한 tyrosinase 효소 저해활성을 실험한 결과 에탄올 추출물 ($81.5{\pm}1.6\%$)이 증류수 추출물 ($62.7{\pm}0.4\%$)보다 더 우수한 효과를 보여주었다. Ethyl acetate 분획물의 tyrosinase 효소활성 저해율은 다른 유기용매 분획물보다 현저히 우수한 $99.7{\pm}0.1\%$나타내었으며, 현재 tyrosinase 저해제로 개발된 arbutin ($97.8{\pm}1.2\%$)과 유사한 저해활성을 보였다. B16F10 melanoma cell을 이용한 melanogenesis 억제 효과에서도 에탄올 추출물이 증류수 추출물보다 우수한 억제활성을 보여 주었다. Ethyl acetate 분획물을 사용하였을 경우, melanogenesis 억제 효과가 다른 분획물보다 현저히 우수하였다. 이상의 실험결과는 치자 추출물의 미백원료로서 사용 가능성을 보여주었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Bell, A. A. and M. H. Weeler (1986), Biosynthesis and function of fungal melanin, Ann. Rev. Phytophathol. 24, 411-451
  2. Lerner, A. B. and T. B. Fitzpatrick (1950), Biochemistry of melanin formation, Physiol. Rev. 30, 91-126
  3. Chen, J. S., C. Wei, and M. R. Marshall (1991), Inhibition mechanism of kojic acid on polyphenol oxidase, J. Agric. Food Chem. 39, 1897-1901
  4. Hashiguchi, H. and H. Takahashi (1976), Inhibition of two copper containing enzymes, tyrosinase and dopamin β-hydroxylase, by L-Mimosine. Molecular Pharmacology 13, 362-367
  5. Prota, G. (1992), Melanin and melanogenesis, Academic Press, New York
  6. Lopez, J. N. R., J. Tudela, R. Varon, F. G. Carmona, and F. G. Canovas (1992), Analysis of a kinetic model for melanin biosynthesis pathway, J. Biol. Chem. 267, 3901-3810
  7. Ando, S., O. Ando, Y. Suemoto, and Y. Mishima (1993), Tyrosinase gene transcription and its control by melanogenetic inhibitor, J. Invest Dermatol. 100, 150-155
  8. Imokawa, G. and Y. Mishima (1982), Loss of melanogenic properties in tyrosinase induced by glycosilation inhibitors within malignant melanoma cells, Cancer Res. 42, 1994-2002
  9. Masuda, M., T. Tejima, and T. Suzuki (1996), Skin lighteners, Cosmetics & Toiletries 111, 65-77
  10. Lee, K. T., B. J. Kim and J. H. Kim (1997), Biological screening of 100 plant extracts for cosmetic use (I) : inhibitory activities of tyrosinase and DOPA auto-oxidation, International J. Cosmetic Science 19, 291-298
  11. Kim, H. J., G. M. Sapers, and S. W. Choi (1998), Isolation and identification of tyrosinase inhibitor from Galla rhois, Food Sci. & Biotech. 7, 56-59
  12. Lee, J. S., J. A. Kim, S. H. Cho, A. R. Son, T. S. Jang, M. S. So, S. R. Chung, S. H. Lee (2003), Tyrosinase Inhibitors isolated from the Roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra L, Kor. J. Pharmacogn. 45, 33-39
  13. No, J. K., D. Y. Soung, Y. J. Kim, K. H. Shim, Y. S. Jun, S. H. Rhee, T. Yokozawa, and H. Y. Chung (1999), Inhibition of tyrosinase by green tea components, Life Sciences 65(21), 241-246
  14. Park, Y. H. and S. K. Chang (1997), Screening of inhibitory effect of edible mushrooms on tyrosinase and isolation of active component, J. Fd Hyg. Safety 12, 195-199
  15. Kim, J. B., M. H. Cho, T. R. Hahn, and Y. S. Beak (1996), Efficient purification and chemical structure identification from Carthamus tinctorius. Agric. Chem. Biotech. 39, 501-505
  16. Jeong, H. S. and K. H. Park (1998), Characteristics of the conversion pigment from Gardenia jasminoides yellow pigment, Kor. J. Food Sci. Technol. 30, 319-323
  17. Yim, C. K., J. H. Moon, and K. H. Park (1999), Isolation of 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, which exhibits antimicrobial activity, from fruits of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, Kor. J. Food Sci. Technol. 31, 1386-1391
  18. Han, Y. N., H. K. Oh, K. H. Hwang, and M. S. Lee (1994), Antioxidant components of gardenia fruit, Kor. J. Pharmacogn. 25, 226-232
  19. Abdullaev, F. I. (1994), Inhibitory effect of crocetin on intracellular nucleic acid and protein synthesis in malignant cells, Toxicology Letter 70, 243-251
  20. Konoshima, T., M. Takasaki, H. Tokuda, S. Morimoto, H. Tanaka, E. Kawata, L. J. Xuan, H. Saito, M. Sugiura, J. Molnar, and Y. Shoyama (1998), Crocin and crocetin derivatives inhibit skin tumour promotion in mice, Phytother. Res. 12, 400-4041
  21. Ishihara, K., T. Takemura, Y. Hamada, C. Sakai, S. Kondoh, S. Nishiyama, K. Urabe, and J. Hearing (1993), Pigment production in murine melanoma cell is regulated by tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1), DOPAchrome tautomerase (TRP2) and a melanogenic inhibitor, J. Invest. Dermatol. 2, 126-131
  22. Anna, M. M. and M. Elizabeth (C), Differential radiosensitivity in cultured B16 melanoma cells following interrupted melanogenesis induced by glucosamine, Pigment Cell Res. 2, 167-170
  23. Komiyama K., S. Takamatsu, Y. Yakahashi, M. Shinose, M. Hayashi, H. Tanaka, Y. Iwai, and S. Omura (1993), New inhibitors of melanogenesis, OH-3084 K1 and K2, J. Antibiotics 46, 1520-1525
  24. Shim, J. S., H. R. Chang, E. G. Min, Y. H. Kim, and Y. H. Han (2001), Cytotoxicity of Paecilomyces tenuipes against human carcinoma cell, HepG2 and MCF-7 in vitro, Kor. J. Mycol. 29, 170-172