Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회지)

Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회)
권호 표지

Classification of Flow Regimes in Urban Street Canyons Using a CFD Model

CFD 모형을 이용한 도시 도로 협곡에서의 흐름 체계 분류

  • Kim, Jae-Jin (Climate Environment System Research Center, Seoul National University) ;
  • Baik, Jong-Jin (School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University)
  • 김재진 (서울대학교 기후환경시스템연구센터) ;
  • 백종진 (서울대학교 지구환경과학부)
  • Published : 2005.10.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Using a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model with the $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence closure scheme based on the renormalization group theory, flow regimes in urban street canyons are classified according to the building and street aspect ratios. The transition between skimming flow (SF) and wake interference flow (WIF) is determined with the size of double-eddy circulation generated behind the upwind building. The transition between WIF and isolated roughness flow (IRF) is determined with the flow reattachment distance from the upwind building. The critical aspect ratios at which the flow transition occurs are found and compared with those in previous studies. The results show that the flow-regime classification method used in this study is quite reasonable and that the values of the critical aspect ratios are generally consistent with those in fluid experiments or large-eddy simulation. The regression equation describing a relation between the building and street aspect ratios at the flow-regime transition is presented.

Keywords

References

  1. Baik, J.-J. and J.-J. Kim (1999) A numerical study of flow and pollutant dispersion characteristics in urban street canyons. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 38,1576- 1589 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<1576:ANSOFA>2.0.CO;2
  2. Baik, J.-J., R.-S. Park, H.-Y. Chun, and J.-J. Kim (2000) A laboratory model of urban street-canyon flows. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 39, 1592-1600 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(2000)039<1592:ALMOUS>2.0.CO;2
  3. Baik, J.-J. and J.-J. Kim (2002) On the escape of pollutants from urban street canyons. Atmospheric Environment, 36, 527-536 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00438-1
  4. Baik, J.-J., J.-J. Kim, and H.J.S. Fernando (2003) A CFD model for simulating urban flow and dispersion. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 42, 1636- 1648 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(2003)042<1636:ACMFSU>2.0.CO;2
  5. Brown, M.J., R.E. Lawson Jr., D.S. DeCroix, and R.L. Lee (2000) Mean flow and turbulence measurements around a 2-D array of buildings in a wind tunnel. 11th Joint Cotlference on the Applications of Air Poliuriotl Meteorology with the A&WMA, Long Beach, CA, U.S.A., 35-40
  6. Castro, I.P. and D.D. Apsley (1997) Flow and dispersion over topography: A comparison between numerical and laboratory data for two-dimensional flows. Atmospheric Environment, 31, 839-850 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(96)00248-8
  7. DePaul, F.T. and C.M. Sheih (1986) Measurements of wind velocities in a street canyon. Atmospheric Environment, 20, 455-459 https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(86)90085-5
  8. Hunter, L.J., I.D. Watson, and G.T. Johnson (1990-91) Modelling air flow regimes in urban canyons. Energy and Building, 15/16, 315-324
  9. Hunter, L.J., G.T. Johnson, and I.D. Watson (1992) An investigation of three-dimensional characteristics of flow regimes within the urban canyon. Atmospheric Environment, 26B, 425-432
  10. Hussain, M. and B.E. Lee (1980) An investigation of wind forces on three dimensional roughness elements in a simulated atmospheric boundary layer flow. Report BS 56, Department of Building Science, Faculty of Architectural Studies, University of Sheffield
  11. Kim, J.-J. and J.-J . Baik (1999) A numerical study of thermal effects on flow and pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 38, 1249- 1261 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<1249:ANSOTE>2.0.CO;2
  12. Kim, J.-J. and J.-J. Baik (2001) Urban street-canyon flows with bottom heating. Atmospheric Environment, 35, 3395-3404 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00135-2
  13. Kim, J.-J., J.-J. Baik, and H.-Y. Chun (2001) Two-dimensional numerical modeling of flow and dispersion in the presence of hill and buildings. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 89, 947-966 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(01)00092-7
  14. Kim, J.-J. and J.-J. Baik (2004) A numerical study of the effects of ambient wind direction on flow and dispersion in urban street canyons. Atmospheric Environment, 38, 3039-3048 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.02.047
  15. Kim, J.-J. and J.-J. Baik (2005) Physical experiments to investigate urban street-canyon flow. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 22, 230-237 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02918512
  16. Lee, I.Y. and H.M. Park (1994) Parameterization of the pollutant transport and dispersion in urban street canyons. Atmospheric Environment, 28, 2343-2349 https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)90488-X
  17. Meroney, R.N., M. Pavageau, S. Rafailidis, and M. Schatzmann (1996) Study of line source characteristics for 2-D physical modelling of pollutant dispersion in street canyon. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 62, 37-56 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(96)00057-8
  18. Murakami, S. (1997) Current status and future trends in computational wind engineering. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 67/68, 3-34 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(97)00230-4
  19. Nakamura, Y. and T.R. Oke (1988) Wind, temperature, and stability conditions in an east-west oriented urban canyon. Atmospheric Environment, 22, 2691-2700 https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(88)90437-4
  20. Oke, T.R. (1988) Street design and urban canopy layer climate. Energy and Building, 11, 103- 113 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-7788(88)90026-6
  21. Patankar, S.V. (1980) Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow, McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 126- 131
  22. Rotach, M.W. (1995) Profiles of turbulence statistics in and above an urban street canyon. Atmospheric Environment, 29, 1473 - 1486 https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(95)00084-C
  23. Sini, J.-F., S. Anquetin, and P.G. Mestayer (1996) Pollutant dispersion and thermal effects in urban street canyons. Atmospheric Environment, 30, 2659-2677 https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(95)00321-5
  24. Tutar, M. and Oguz, G. (2002) Large eddy simulation of wind flow around parallel buildings with varying configurations. Fluid Dynamics Research, 31, 289-315 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5983(02)00127-2
  25. Uehara, K., S. Murakami, S. Oikawa, and S. Wakamatsu (2000) Wind tunnel experiments on how thermal stratification affects flow in and above urban street canyons. Atmospheric Environment, 34, 1553-1562 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00410-0
  26. Versteeg, H.K. and W. Malalasekera (1995) An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics: The Finite Volume Method, Longman, Malaysia, pp. 198-203 and 243 -244
  27. Yakhot, V., S.A. Orszag, S. Thangam, T.B. Gatski, and C.G. Speziale (1992) Development of turbulence models for shear flows by a double expansion technique. Physics of Fluids, A4, 1510- 1520