Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
권호 표지

LDL Oxidation, Total Radical Trapping Antioxidant Potential and Plasma Antioxidant Vitamin Systems in Obese School Children

비만아동의 지질과산화물 형성과 항산화 체계에 관한 연구

  • Shin Min-Jeong (Yonsei Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Jun Kyung-Im (Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam University) ;
  • Seo Bo-Young (Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam University) ;
  • Park Eunju (Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam University)
  • 신민정 (연세대학교 의과대학 심혈관 연구소) ;
  • 전경임 (경남대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 서보영 (경남대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 박은주 (경남대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2005.09.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the lipid peroxidation, plasma antioxidant status and insulin resistance in childhood obesity. To this end, we measured blood lipid profiles, glucose, insulin concentrations, plasma antioxidant vitamins, baseline conjugated diene formation as a measure of LDL oxidation in vivo and TRAP (total radical trapping antioxidant potential) of 93 school children (58 nonobese, 35 overweight-obese). Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The overweight-obese children showed significantly higher levels of leptin (p < 0.0001) and triglyceride (p < 0.05) and significantly lower level of plasma Iycopene (p < 0.001) and $\gamma$-tocopherol (p < 0.05) compared with the normal weight children. Furthermore, the levels of TRAP were significantly lower in overweight-obese children (p < 0.05). Significant positive relationships between plasma leptin and conjugated dienes formation (p < 0.005) and inverse relationship between plasma leptin and lipid corrected levels of $\beta$-carotene (p < 0.05), Iycopene (p < 0.05) were observed. Our results showed an increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant capacity in childhood obesity which could be involved in the atherosclerotic process.

Keywords

References

  1. Rocchinni AP. Childhood obesity and a diabetes epidemic. N Engl J Med 346: 854-855, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200203143461112
  2. Ministry of Health & Social Welfare, Republic of Korea. '2001 National Nutrition Survey report. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Ministry ofHealth & Social Welfare, 2002
  3. Reilly JJ, Dorosty AR. Epidemic of obesity in UK children. Lancet 354: 1874-1875,1999 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(99)04555-9
  4. Reilly JJ, Methven E, McDowell ZC, Hacking B, Alexander D, Stewart L, et al. Health consequences of obesity. Arch Dis Child 88: 748-752, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.88.9.748
  5. Kim YS, Lee SY, Kim YO. Nutrition education effect in obesity treatment for children. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 31: 1011-1017,2002
  6. Park KS, Oh SH. A study on the relationship between self-efficacy and health promoting lifestyke profile of childhood obesity. J Korean Acad Child Health Nurs 10: 173-179,2004
  7. Gortrnaker SL, Must A, Perrin JM, Sobol AM, Dietz WH. Social and economic consequences of overweight in adolescence and young adulthood. N Engl J Med 329: 1008-1012, 1992 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199309303291406
  8. Urakawa H, Katsuki A, Sumida Y, Gabazza EC, Murashima S, Morioka K, Maruyama N, Kitagawa N, Tanaka T, Hori Y, Nakatani K, Yano Y, Adachi Y. Oxidative stress is associated with adiposity and insulin resistance in men. J Clin Endoerinol Metab 88: 4673-4676,2003 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-030202
  9. Mizuno T, Matsui H, Imamura A, Numaguchi Y, Sakai K, Murohara T, Okumura K. Insulin resistance increases circulating malondialdehyde-modified LDL and impairs endothelial function in healthy young men. Int J Cardiol 97: 455-461,2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2003.10.035
  10. Carantoni M, Abbasi F, Warmerdam F, Klebanov M, Wang PW, Chen YDI, Azhar S, Reaven GM. Relationship between insulin resistance and partially oxidized LDL particles in healthy, nondiabetic volunteers. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 18: 762-767, 1998
  11. Hirai N, Kawano H, Hirashima O, Motoyama T, Moriyama Y, Sakamoto T, Kugiyama K, Ogawa H, Nakao K, Yasue H.Insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction in smokers: effects of vitamin C. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 279: H1172-1178, 2000
  12. Hirashima O, Kawano H, Motoyama T, Hirai N, Ohgushi M, Kugiyama K, Ogawa H, Yasue H. Improvement of endothelial function and insulin sensitivity with vitamin C in patients with coronary spastic angina: possible role of reactive oxygen species. J Am Coll Cardiol 35: 186-190,2000
  13. Gutteridge JMC, Halliwell B. Antioxidants in Nutrition, Health, and Disease. Oxford University press, Oxford, 1994
  14. Keaney Jr JF, Larson MG, Vasan RS, Wilson PW, Lipinska I, Corey D, Massaro JM, Sutherland P, Vita JA, Benjamin E. Framingham Study Obesity and systemic oxidative stress: clinical correlates of oxidative stress the Framingham Study. Arterioseier Thromb Vasc Biol 23: 434-439, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000058402.34138.11
  15. Mohn A, Catino M, Capanna R, Giannini C, Marcovecchio M, Chiarelli F. Increased oxidative stress in prepubertal severely obese children: effect of a dietary restriction-weight loss program. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90: 2653-2658, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-2178
  16. Bao W, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS. Persistent elevation of plasma insulin levels is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in children and young adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Circulation 93: 54-59, 1996
  17. Freedman DS, Khan LK, Dietz WH, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS. Relationship of childhood obesity to coronary heart disease risk factors in adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Pediatrics 108: 712-718,2001 https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.108.3.712
  18. Kohen-Avramoglu R, Theriault A, Adeli K. Emergence of the metabolic syndrome in childhood: an epidemiological overview and mechanistic link to dyslipidemia. Clin Biochem 36: 413-420, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-9120(03)00038-9
  19. Molnar D, Decsil T, Koletzko B. Reduced antioxidant status in obese children with multimetabolic syndrome. Int J Obesity 28: 1197-1202,2004 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802719
  20. Korean Pediatric Society. 1998 Korean Physical Growth Standards for Children and Adiolescents. Seoul: Guang Moo Publishing Co., 1999
  21. Mathews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Thmer RC. Homeostasis model assessment: Insulin resistance and $\beta$ -cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 28: 412-419, 1985 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00280883
  22. Rice-Evans C, Miller N. Total antioxidant status in plasma and body fluids. Methods in Enzymol 234: 279-293, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(94)34095-1
  23. Genser D, Kang MH, Vogelsang H, Elmadfa I. Status of lipidsoluble antioxidants and TRAP in patients with Crohn's disease and healthy controls. Eur J Clin Nutr 53: 675-679, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600764
  24. Vasankari T, Kujala U, Heinonen O, Kapanen J, Ahotupa M. Measurement of serum lipid peroxidation during exercise using three different methods: diene conjugation, thiobarbituric acid reactive material and fluorescent chromolipids. Clin Chim Acta 234: 63-69, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(94)05976-Y
  25. Ahotupa M, Ruutu M. Simple methods of quantifying oxidation products and antioxidant potential of low density lipoproteins. Clin Biochem 29: 139-144,1996 https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-9120(95)02043-8
  26. Sinha R, Fisch G, Teague B, et al. Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance among children and adolescents with marked obesity. N Engl J Med 346: 802-810, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa012578
  27. Considine RV, Sinha MK, Heiman ML, Kriauciunas A, Stephens TW, Nyce MR, Ohannesian JP, Marco CC, McKee LJ, Bauer TL et al. Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal weight and obese humans. N Engl J Med 334: 292-295, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199602013340503
  28. Cooke JP, Oka RK. Does leptin cause vascular disease? Circulation 106: 1904-1905,2002 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000036864.14101.1B
  29. Leyva F, Godsland IF, Ghatei M, Proudler AJ, Aldis S, Walton C, Bloom S, Stevenson JC. Hyperleptinemia as a component of a metabolic syndrome of cardiovascular risk. Artherioscl Throm Vas 18: 928-933, 1998
  30. Valle M, Gascn F, Martos R, Bermudo F, Ceballos P, Suanes A. Relationship between high plasma leptin concentrations and metabolic syndrome in obese pre-pubertal children. Int J Obesity 27: 13-18, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802154
  31. de Courten M, Zimmet P, Hodge A, Collins V, Nicolson M, Staten M, Dowse G, Alberti KG. Hyperleptinaemia: the missing link in the metabolic syndrome? Diabet Med 14: 2002-2008, 1997
  32. Sharnsuzzaman A, Wmnicki M, Wolk R, Svatikova A, Phillips BG, Davison DE, Berger PB, Somers VK. Independent Association Between Plasma Leptin and C-Reactive Protein in Healthy Humans. Circulation 109: 2181- 2185, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000127960.28627.75
  33. Schafer K, Halle M, Goeschen C, Dellas C, Pynn M, Loskutoff DJ, Konstantinides S. Leptin promotes vascular remodeling and neointimal growth in mice. Arterioscl Throm Vas 24: 112-117, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000105904.02142.e7
  34. Stephenson K, Thnstead J, Tsai A, Gordon R, Henderson S, Dansky HM. Neointimal formation after endovascular arterial injury is markedly attenuated in db/db mice. Arterioscl Throm Vas 23: 2027-2033,2003 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000096394.32433.E9
  35. Shin HJ, Oh J, Kang SM, Lee JH Shin MJ, Hwang KC, Jang Y, Chung JH. Leptin induces hypertrophy via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Bioph Res Co 329: 18-24,2005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.12.195
  36. Vasankari T, Ahotupa M, Toikka J, et al. Oxidized LDL and thickness of carotid intima-media are associated with coronary atherosclerosis in middle-aged men: lower levels of oxidized LDL with statin therapy. Atherosclerosis 155: 403-412, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9150(00)00573-6
  37. Toikka JO, Niemi P, Ahotupa M, Niinikoski H, Viikari JSA, Rnnemaa T, Hartiala JJ, Raitakari O. Large artery elastic properties in young men: relationship to serum lipoproteins and oxidized low-density lipoproteins. Arterioscl Throm Vas 19: 436-441, 1999
  38. Ames BN, Shigenaga MK, Hagen TM. Oxidants, antioxidants and the degenerative diseases of aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 7915-7922, 1993
  39. Fanton JC, Ward PA. Role of oxygen-derived free radicals and metabolites in leukocytescdependent inflammatory reactions. Am J Pathol 107: 397-418, 1982
  40. Bergsten P, Amitai G, Kehrl J, Levine M. Ascorbic acid content of human B and T lymphocytes and monocytes. Ann NY Acad Sci 587: 275-277, 1990
  41. Frei B, Sticker R, Ames BN. Anti-oxidant defenses and lipid peroxidation in human blood plasma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 9748-9752, 1988 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.85.24.9748
  42. Burton GW, Ingold KU. $\beta$-carotene: an unusual type of lipid antioxidant. Science 224: 569-573, 1984 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.6710156
  43. Morinobu T, Murata T, Takaya R, Tarnai H. Nutritional status of beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol and retinol in obese children. lnt J Vitam Nutr Res 72: 119-123,2002 https://doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.72.3.119
  44. Moor de Burgos A, Wartanowicz M, Ziernlanski S. Blood vitamin and lipid levels in overweight and obese women. Eur J Clin Nutr 46: 803-808, 1992
  45. Decsi T, Moln? D, Koletzko B. Reduced plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene in obese boys. J Pediatr 130: 653-655, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(97)70253-1
  46. Kuno T, Hozumi M, Morinobu T, Murata T, Mingci Z, Tamai H. Antioxidant vitamin levels in plasma and low density lipoprotein of obese girls. Free Radic Res 28: 81-86, 1998 https://doi.org/10.3109/10715769809097878
  47. Strauss RS. Comparison of serum concentrations of -tocopherol and -carotene in a cross-sectional sample of obese and nonobese children (NHANES Ill). J Pediatr 134: 160-165, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(99)70409-9
  48. Bated CJ, Mishra GD, Prentice A. $\gamma$ -Tocopherol as a possible marker for nutrition-related risk: results from four National Diet and Nutrition Surveys in Britain. Br J Nutr 92: 137-150,2004 https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN20041156
  49. Torok K, Jarai D, Szalay N, Biro L, Molnar D. Antioxidant vitamin intake in obese children. Orv Hetil 144: 259-262,2003