The korean journal of orthodontics (대한치과교정학회지)

The Korean Association Of Orthodontists (대한치과교정학회)
권호 표지

Comparison of electric and manual toothbrushes on periodontal health in fixed orthodontic patients

고정식 교정환자에서 치주건강 유지에 대한 전동치솔의 효과

  • Park, Seong-Joon (Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Ki-Heon (Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institue, Chonnam National Universsity) ;
  • Hwang, Hyeon-Shik (Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institue, Chonnam National Universsity)
  • 박성준 (전남대학교 치과대학 교정학교실) ;
  • 이기헌 (전남대학교 치의학연구소, 치과대학 교정학교실) ;
  • 황현식 (전남대학교 치의학연구소, 치과대학 교정학교실)
  • Published : 2005.08.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an electric toothbrush, with a specially designed orthodontic brush head, compared to a manual toothbrush on the periodontal health of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances Forty patients were randomly divided into two groups. the electric and the manual toothbrush groups, 1 month after attachment of fixed orthodontic appliances. Periodontal status was measured using a plaque index, a gingival index. a bleeding index, a pocket depth and a relative attachment loss, at baseline and after 3 months. 6 months, 9 mouths. and 12 mouths. The Braun Oral-B Plak Control with Ortho OD 15-1 brush head was used as the electric toothbrush while the Butler G.U.M 124 was given as the manual toothbrush. In the manual toothbrush group, the giugival and bleeding indices showed no statistically significant differences, but the plaque index was significantly decreased (P<0.001) and pocket depth as well as relative attachment loss were significantly increased (p<0.01). In the electric toothbrush group. the bleeding index, pocket depth and relative attachment loss showed no statistically significant differences. but the plaque and gingival indices were significantly decreased (p<0.001). In the case of the plaque. giugival and bleeding indices, there were no statistically significant differences between the electric and the manual toothbrush groups. On the contrary, in the case of pocket depth and relative attachment loss, there were statistically significant differences between the electric and the manual toothbrush groups: an increase in the manual toothbrush groups unlike the electric toothbrush group which kept the same state (P<0.05) These findings suggest that an electric toothbrush is useful for orthodontic patients with fixed appliances.

고정식 교정치료 환자들은 구강내 교정장치로 인해 치태제거에 어려움이 있으며 보다 효과적인 치태제거를 위해서는 특별한 구강위생교육 및 치솔질이 필요하다. 본 연구는 고정식 교정치료 환자에서 일반적으로 사용되고 있는 교정용 수동치솔에 비해 전동치솔이 치주건강 유지에 도움이 되는지 알아보기 위하여 시행되었다. 고정식 교정장치에 의해 교정치료 예정인 환자 40명을 대상으로 고정식 교정장치 부착 1개월 후 치솔의 종류에 따라 전동치솔군과 수동치솔군으로 연구대상을 임의 구분하고 각각에 맞는 구강위생교육을 시행한 후 3개월, 0개월, 9개월, 12개월 후 치태지수, 치은염지수, 치은출혈지수, 치주낭깊이, 그리고 상대적부착상실을 측정하였다. 전동치솔의 경우 교정용 브러쉬 헤드를 가진 Braun Oral-B 사의 전동치솔을, 수동치솔의 경우 Butler사의 교정용 치솔을 사용하게 하였다. 수동치솔군의 경우 실험기간 동안 치태지수는 통계적으로 유의하게 감소한 반면 (p<0.001), 치은염지수, 치은출혈지수는 통계적 유의차를 보이지 않았고, 치주낭깊이, 부착상실은 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다 (p<0.01). 전동치솔군의 경우에는 치은출혈지수와 함께 치주낭깊이, 부착상실이 통계적 유의차를 보이지 않았으며, 치태지수, 치은염지수는 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다 (p<0.001). 한편 치태지수, 치은염지수, 치은출혈지수의 경우 변화양상에 있어 전동치솔군과 수동치솔군 간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않은 반면, 치주낭깊이와 부착상실의 경우 전동치솔군에서는 처음 상태가 읜정하게 유지된 반면, 수동치솔군에서는 치주낭깊이와 부착상실이 증가하는 양상을 나타내었으며 이러한 변화양상의 수동치솔과 전동치솔간 차이는 통계적으로 유의하였다 (p<0.05). 이상의 결과는 고정식 교정장치로 치료받는 환자에서 수동치솔보다 전동치솔이 치주건강 유지에 더 효과적임을 시사하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Zachrisson S, Zachrisson BU. Gingival condition associated with orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod 1972;42:26-34
  2. Gorelick L, Geiger AM, Gwinnett AJ, Incidence of white spot formation after bonding and banding. Am J Orthod 1982;81:93-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(82)90032-X
  3. Atack NE, Sandy JR, Addy M. Periodontal and microbiological changes associated with the placement of orthodontic appliances. A review. J Periodontal 1996;67:78-85 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1996.67.2.78
  4. Rosendahl PO. Toothbrushing, yesterday, today, tamorrow. South Calif Dent Assoc J 1962;30:210-3
  5. Walsh TF, Glenwright HD. Relative effectiveness of a rotary and conventional toothbrush in plaque removal. Commun Dent Oral Epidemiol 1984;12:160-4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1984.tb01430.x
  6. Niemi ML, Ainamo J, Etemadzadeh H. Gingival abrasion and plaque removal with manual versus electric toothbrushing. J Clin Periodontal 1986;13:709-13 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb00869.x
  7. Love JW, Drisko CL, Killoy WJ, Sackuvich DA. Effectiveness of a rotary action versus a manual toothbrush. J Dent Res 1988;67:125
  8. Trombeli L, Scabbia A, Griselli A, Zangari F, Calura G. Clinical evaluation of plaque removal by counterrotational electric toothbrush in orthodontic patients. Quintessence lnt 1995;26:199-202
  9. Clerehugh V, Williams P, Shaw WC, Worthington HV, Warren P. A practice-based randomised controlled trial of the efficacy of an electric and a manual toothbrush on gingival health in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. J Dent 1998;26:633-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-5712(97)00065-1
  10. Boyd RL, Murray P, Robertson PB. Effect of rotary electric toothbrush versus manual toothbrush on periodontal status during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1989;96:342-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(89)90354-5
  11. Wilcoxon DB, Ackerman RJ Jr, Killoy WJ, Love JW, Sakurnura JS, Tira DE. The effectiveness of a counterrotational-action power toothbrush on plaque control in orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1991;99:7-14 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(05)81674-9
  12. Heasman P, Wilson Z, Macgregor l, Kelly P. Comparative study of electric and manual toothbrushes in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1998;114:45-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(98)70236-7
  13. Jackson CL. Comparison between electric toothbrushing and manual toothbrushing, with and without oral irrigation, for oral hygiene of orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1991;99:15-20 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(05)81675-0
  14. Hickman J, Millett DT, Sander L, Brown E, Love J. Powered vs manual tooth brushing in fixed appliance patients: A short term randomized clinical trial. Angle Orthod 2002;72:135-40
  15. Womack WR, Guay AH. Comparative cleansing efficiency of an electric and a manual toothbrush in orthodontic patients. Angle Orthod 1968;38:256-67
  16. Trimpeneers LM, Wijgaerts IA, Grognard NA, Dermaut LR, Adriaens PA. Effect of electric toothbrushes versus manual toothbrushes on removal of plaque and periodontal status during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1997;111:492-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(97)70285-3
  17. 박창헌, 황현식, 이기헌, 홍석진. 고정식 교정 환자에서 전동치솔 효과에 관한 연구. 대치교정지 2004;34:363-70
  18. Darby ML., Bowen DM. Research methods for oral health professionals: an introduction. St. Louis: CV Mosby; 1980
  19. Silness J, Loe H. Periodontal disease in pregnancy II. Correlation between oral hygiene and periodontal condition. Acta Odontol Scand 1964;22:121-35 https://doi.org/10.3109/00016356408993968
  20. Willams P, Clerehugh V, Worthington HV, Shaw WC. Comparison of two plaque indices for use in fixed orthodontic appliance patients. J Dent Res 1991;70:703
  21. Loe H, Silness J. Periodontal disease in pregnancy I. Prevalence and severity. Acta Odontol Scand 1963;21:533-51 https://doi.org/10.3109/00016356309011240
  22. Ainamo J, Bay I. Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque. lnt Dent J 1975;25:229-35
  23. 황충주, 백형선. 교정 환자를 위한 구강 위생 관리. 서울: 신흥인터내셔날; 1999:70-6
  24. Van der Weijden GA, Timmerman MF, Reijerse E, Danser MM, Mantel MS, Nijboer A, Van der Velden U. The long-term effect of an oscillating/rotating electric toothbrush on gingivitis. An 8-month clinical study. J Clin Periodontol 1994:21:139-45 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00292.x
  25. Heasman PA, McCraken GI. Powered toothbrushes: a review of clinical trials. J Clin Periodontol 1999:26:407-20 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051X.1999.260701.x
  26. Glavind L, Zeuner E. The effectiveness of a rotary electric toothbrush on oral cleanliness in adults. J Clin Periodontol 1986:13:135-8 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb01446.x
  27. Van der Weijden GA, Timmerman MF, Nijboer A, Lie MA, Van der Velden U. A comparative study of electric toothbrushes for the effectiveness of plaque removal in relation to toothbrushing duration. timerstudy. J Clin Periodontol 1993:20:476-81 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1993.tb00394.x
  28. Badersten A, Nilveus R, Egelberg J Reproducibility of probing attachment level measurements. J Clin Periodontol 1984:11:475-85 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1984.tb01347.x
  29. Yang MC, Marks RG, Magnusson I, Clouser B, Clark WB. Reproducibility of an electronic probe in relative attachment level measurements. J Clin Periodontol 1992: 19:541-8 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb00681.x
  30. Van der Velden U, De Vries JH. The influence of probing force on the reproducibility of pocket depth measurements. J Clin Periodontol 1980:7:414-20 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1980.tb02014.x
  31. Osborn JB, Stoltenberg JL, Huso BA, Aeppli DM, Pihlstrom BL. Comparison of measurement variability in subjects with moderate periodontitis using a conventional and constant force periodontal probe. J Periodontol 1992:63:283-9 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1992.63.4.283
  32. Ainamo J, Xie Q, Ainamo A, Kallio P Assessment of the effect of an oscillating/rotating electric toothbrush on oral health. A 12-month longitudinal study. J Clin Periodontol 1997;24:28-33 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1997.tb01180.x
  33. Heintze SD, Jost-Brinkrnarm PG, Loundos J Effectiveness of three different types of electric toothbrushes compared with a manual technique in orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1996:110:630-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(96)80040-0
  34. Zachrisson BU, Alnaes L. Periodontal condition in orthodontically treated and untreated individuals. I. Loss of attachment, gingival pocket depth and clinical crown height. Angle Orthod 1973:43:402-11
  35. Walmsley AD. The electric toothbrush: a review. Br Dent J 1997:182:209-18 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4809349
  36. Alstad S, Zachrisson BU. Longitudinal study of periodontal condition associated with orthodontic treatment in adolescents. Am J Orthod 1979;76:277-86 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(79)90024-1
  37. Ash MM. A review of the problems and results of studies on manual and power toothbrushes. J Periodontol 1964;35:202-13 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1964.35.3.202
  38. Van der Weijden GA, Danser M, Nijboer A, Timmerman MF, Van der Velden U. The plaque removing efficacy of a reciproque rotating toothbrush. J Dent Res 1991:70:557