Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
권호 표지

Nutrients and Salt Consumption of Hypertension Patients According to Treatment Status

고혈압환자에서 치료상태에 따른 영양소 및 나트륨 섭취 양상

  • Yim Juneeun (Research Institute of Clinical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Cho Miran (Research Institute of Clinical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Yin Chanesik (CHA Biomedical Center, College of Medicine, Pochon CHA University) ;
  • Seo Byune Kwan (Department of Acupuncture, Oriental Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Koh Hweone Gyun (Department of Acupuncture, Oriental Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Choue Ryowon (Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-west Medical Sciene, Kyung Hee University)
  • 임정은 (경희대학교 임상영양연구소) ;
  • 조미란 (경희대학교 임상영양연구소) ;
  • 인창식 (포천중문의과대학교 차 바이오메디칼 센터 침구과) ;
  • 서병관 (경희대학교 한의과대학 침구과) ;
  • 고형균 (경희대학교 한의과대학 침구과) ;
  • 조여원 (경희대학교 동서의학대학원 의학영양학과)
  • Published : 2005.11.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

High blood pressure is an important determinant of the incidence of coronary heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, renal failure, and peripheral vascular disease. Recommendations for control of high blood pressure emphasize lifestyle modification, including weight control, reduced sodium intake, increased physical activity. Subjects who were normotensive (n=19, $47.2\pm9.0$ y, BP l16/81 mmHg) ,treatment hypertensive (n=33, $54.2\pm6.9$ y, BP 132/85 mmHg) and non-treatment hypertensive (n=14, $50.1\pm11.0$ y, 149/94 mmHg) recruited. Anthropometric assessment (height weight waist circumference, hip circumference, fat$\%$, fat mass, and lean body mass) and dietary assessments (using 3-days food records, daily nutrient intakes were inuysed by CAN PRO 2.0 were carried out. Blood and 24-hour urine were collected). Test of recognition for salt taste threshold were performed. In non-treatment hypertensive male subjects, weight, $\%$IBW, BMI, and waist circumference were significantly higher than those of normotensive and treatment hypertensive subjects (p<0.05) .Food habits were not significantly different among the three groups. Intakes of vitamin A, vitamin B,, and vitamin B, were significantly higher in normotensive group (p<0.05). Intakes of sodium and salt taste recognition threshold were the highest in normotensive group and the lowest in treatment hypertensive group (p<0.05). Blood levels of lipids and minerals were not significantly different among the three groups. Urinary calcium level of normotensive group were significantly higher than that of treatment hypertensive and non-treatment hypertensive groups (p<0.05). These results indicate that continuous management of hypertension by drug and non-drug treatment affects salt taste recognition threshold and reduced the consumption of sodium. However, dietary sodium intake exceed recommended sodium intake to prevent and treat hypertension. It is necessary to develop the lifestyle modification program that may have beneficial effects on hypertension treatment.

Keywords

References

  1. Kim JS. Current status and transition of death causes in Korean population, J Korean Med Assoc 36 (3) : 271-284, 1994
  2. Cambiens F, Chretien JM, Ducimentiene P, Guize L, Richard JL. Is the relationship between blood pressure and cardiovascular risk dependent on body mass index? Am J Epid 122: 343-443, 1985
  3. Sacks FM, Svelkey LP, Vollmer WM, et al. Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med 344: 3-10, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200101043440101
  4. Writing Group of PREMIER Collaborating Research Group. Effects of comprehensive lifestyle modification on blood pressure control: main results of the PREMIER clinical trial. JAMA 289: 2083-2093, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.289.16.2083
  5. Lee BH. New guidlines of treatment of hypertension, J Korean Hypertension 10(1): 1-5, 2004
  6. Cook NR, Cohen J, Hebert P, Taylor JO, Hennekens CH. Implications of small reductions on diastolic blood pressure for primary prevention. Arch Intern Med 155: 701-709, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.155.7.701
  7. Manunta P, Bianchi G. Low-salt diet and diuretic effect on blood pressure and organ damage, J Am Soc Nephrol 15: S43-S46, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ASN.0000093400.56670.E2
  8. Williams GH. Genetic factors associated with volume-sensitive hypertension, Molecular Cellular Endocrinology 217: 41-44, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2003.10.007
  9. Join National Committee. The 1988 report of the Joint National Committee on detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure, Arch Int Med 148: 1023-1038,1988 https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.148.5.1023
  10. Cutler JA. Randomized trials of sodium reduction: an overview, Am J Clin Nutr 65 (2sup): 643s-651s, 1997
  11. Lin PH, Ginty F, Appel LJ, Aickin M, Bohannon A, Garnero P, Barclay D, Svetkey LP. The DASH diet and sodium reduction improve markers of bone turnover and calcium metabolism in adults, J Nutr 133 (10): 3130-3136, 2003
  12. Cirillo M, Laurenzi M, Panarelli W, Stamler J. Urinary sodium to potassium ratio and urinary stone disease, Kidney Int 46 (4): 1133-1139, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.1994.376
  13. Wiffenbach JM, Cowart BJ, Baum BJ. Taste intensity perception in aging. J Gerontol 41: 460-468, 1986
  14. Halter J, Kulkoshky P, Wiids S, Makous W, Chen M, Porte D. Afferent receptors, taste perceptions, and pancreatic endocrine function in man. Diabetes 24: 414, 1975
  15. Dye CJ, Koziatek DA. Age and diabetes on threshold and hedonic perception of sucrose solutions. J Gernotol 36(6): 310-315, 1981
  16. Schiffman SS, Gatlin CA. Clinical physiology of taste and smell. Ann Rev Nutr 13: 405-436, 1993 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.13.070193.002201
  17. Henkin RI. Salt taste in patients with essential hypertension due to primary hyperaldosteronism. J Chron Dis 27: 235-244, 1974 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9681(74)90048-4
  18. Schechter PJ, Horowitz D, Henkin RI. NaCl preferneces in patients with essential hypertension. JAMA 225: 1311, 1973 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.225.11.1311
  19. Hamet P. The evaluation of the scientific evidence for a relationship between calcium and hypertension. LSRO report. J Nutr 125: 311S-400S, 1995
  20. Mizushima S, Cappuccio FP, Nichols R, Elliot P. Dietary magnesium intake and blood pressure: a qualitative overview of the observational studies. J Hnm Hypertension 12: 447-453, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jhh.1000641
  21. Belizan JM, Villar J, Pineda O, Reduction of blood pressure with calcium supplementation in young adult. JAMA 4:1161-1165, 1983
  22. Allender PS, Cuttler JA, Follmann D, Cappuccio FP, Pryer J, Elliott P. Dietary calcium and blood pressure: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials, Ann Intern Med 124(9): 825-831, 1996
  23. Bostick RM, Fosdick L, Grandits GA, Grambsch P, Gross M, Louis TA. Effect of calcium supplementation on serum cholesterol and blood pressure, Arc Fam Med 9: 31-39. 2000 https://doi.org/10.1001/archfami.9.1.31
  24. Siani A, Strazzullo P, Russo LO. Controlled of long term oral potassium supplements in patients with mild hypertension. Br Med J 194: 1453-1456, 1987
  25. Sacks FM, Brown LE, Appel L, Borhani NO, Evans D, Whelton P. Combinations of potassium, calcium, and magnesium supplements in hypertension, Hypertension 26: 950-956, 1995
  26. Jackson EK, Herzer WA. Angiotension II/prostaglandin I2 interactions in spontaneously hypertensive rats, Hypertension 22 (5): 668-698, 1993
  27. Dahl LK, Leitl G, Heine M, Influence of dietary potassium and sodium/potassium molar ratio on the development of salt hypertension, J Exp Med 136: 318, 1972
  28. Yi KN, Chang SR. Clinical pathology file, second edition. Euihak Munwhasa co, pp.86-88, 1993
  29. Nowson CA, Worsley A, Margerison C, Jorna MK, Godfrey SJ, Booth A. Blood pressure change with weight loss is affected by diet type in men, Am J Clin Nutr 81: 983-989, 2005
  30. Wing RR. Behavioral weight control. In: Thomas AW, Albert JS. 1st eds. Handbook of obesity treatment. New York, the Guilford Press, 301-316, 2002
  31. Aran VC, George LB, Henry RB, William CC, Lee AG, Joseph LI, Daniel WJ, Barry JM, Suzanne PJ, the National High Blood Pressure Edication Program Coordination Committee. Seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Hypertension 42: 1206-1252, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.0000107251.49515.c2
  32. Park EY, Park YJ, Kim KW. A study of sodium consumption and related psychosocial factors among hypertensive and normal adults, Korean J Nutr 33 (8): 833-839, 2000
  33. Kim HS, Choi BS, Park YS. Study on the mineral content of low sodim diet for hypertensive patient in hospital, Korean J Nutr 25(1): 22-31, 1992
  34. Chung KR. A Survey on the sodium chloride content of common restaurant meals in seoul area, Korean J Food Sci Tech 19 (6): 475-479, 1987
  35. Shin MJ, Lim HS, Choi DH, Chung NS, Jang YS, Cho SY, Kim SS. Sodium intakes of outpatients with hypertension in Korea, Korean J Hypertension 5 (1): 10-16, 1999
  36. Kim EK, Yoo MY, Cheon KS, Blood pressure, salt threshold, salt preference, urinary excretions and nutrition knowledge about blood pressure of elementary school children in rural area, Korean J Nutr 26(5): 625-638, 1993
  37. Kim EK. Anthropometry, blood pressure, salt threshold and salt preference of children of orphan in Seoul and Kangnung, Korean J Nutr 27 (2): 181-191,1994
  38. Resnick LM. Uniformity and diversity of calcium metabolism in essential hypertension: A conceptual frame work. Am J Med 82 (suppl 1B): 16-26, 1987
  39. Resnick LM, Nicholson JP, Laragh JH. Calcium metabolism in essential hypertension: relationship to altered rennin system activity. Federation Proc 45: 2737-2745, 1986
  40. Shortt C, Flynn A. Sodium-calcium inter-relationships with specific reference to osteoporosis, Nutr Res Rev 3: 101-115, 1990 https://doi.org/10.1079/NRR19900008