Abstract
The first flush phenomenon is defined as the initial period of road runoff during which the concentration of pollutants was significantly high. Road runoff contains significant loads of micro-particles, heavy metals and organic constituents. There were two major objectives of this study. The first objective was to characterize the road runoff. The second objective was to measure and evaluate particle sire distribution of the road runoff, Stormwater runoff was monitored on two sites of four lane road areas along with traffic volume. A total six storm events were monitored to characterize the road runoff. The quantity of road runoff and quality constituents, including chemical oxygen demand ($COD_{Cr}$), suspended solids(SS), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ortho-phosphorus ($PO_4-P$), total phosphorus(TP), heavy metals and particle size distribution were analyzed. The results indicate that the concentration of SS, $COD_{Cr}$, TKN and TP ranges were $45{\sim}2,396\;mg/L$, $40{\sim}931\;mg/L$, $0.1{\sim}19.6\;mg/L$, and $0.2{\sim}25.1\;mg/L$, respectively. The results of the regression analysis between SS and the others constituents shows that $COD_{Cr}$, TP, Cu, Pb were highly correlated. And the results showed that the mean range of particle size and uniformity coefficient for road runoff were $6.7{\sim}23.4{\mu}$ and $6.4{\sim}10.2$, respectively.
도시지역은 불투수층 면적비율이 높아 작은 강우에도 초기유출(first flush)이 강하게 발생하고 유출되는 오염물질 농도도 높다. 도로유출수에는 미세입자물질, 중금속, 유기물질 성분을 다량 함유하고 있다. 도로유출수의 수질과 입자의 유출특성을 파악하고자 교통량이 비교적 많은 도로 2개 지점을 대상으로 총 6회의 강우시료를 채수하여 분석하였다. 2개 조사 지점에서 분석된 도로유출수 수질농도범위는 SS $45{\sim}2,396\;mg/L$, $COD_{Cr}\;40{\sim}931\;mg/L$, TKN $0.1{\sim}19.6\;mg/L$, TP $0.2{\sim}25.1\;mg/L$, Fe $0.33{\sim}8.15\;mg/L$, Cr $0.06{\sim}0.50\;mg/L$, Pb $0.06{\sim}0.97\;mg/L$, Cr $0.01{\sim}0.12\;mg/L$으로 조사되었다. 강우초기의 농도는 극단적으로 높은 특성을 나타내었다. 도로유출수 SS와 상관계수가 높은 수질항목으로는 $COD_{Cr}$, TP, Cu, Pb이고, 상관계수가 가장 낮은 항목으로는 TKN으로 분석되었다. 도로유출수의 입경을 분석한 결과 평균 f3경간의 범위는 $6.7{\sim}23.4\;{\mu}m$이고 90% 입경의 범위는 $36.2{\sim}105.2\;{\mu}m$로 분석되었다. 또한, 입경은 유출량에 비례적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 균등계수를 분석한 결과 평균범위는 $6.4{\sim}10.2$로 입경 분포범위가 크게 나타났다.
