References
- Report of North Korean Refugees. Ministry of Unification. Seoul;2004
- Choi EC, Suh JJ, Jae SH, Lee KS, Kim SA. Human rights report of North Korea. Korea Institute for National Unification. Seoul;1999
- Yoon YS. The situation of North Korean defectors in China and suggestions for a support system. Korean J Unification Studies 1998;7:169-201, 343-345
- Blair RG. Risk factors associated with PTSD and major depression among Cambodian refugees in Utah. Health Soc Work 2000;25:23-30 https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/25.1.23
- Strober S. Social work interventions to alleviate Cambodian refugee psychological distress. Int Soc Work 1994;7:23-35
- Lopes Cardozo BL, Vergara A, Agani F, Gotway CA. Mental health, social functioning, and attitudes of Kosovar Albanians following the war in Kosovo. J Am Med Assoc 2000;284:569-577 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.284.5.569
- Mollica RF, Donelan K, Tor S, Lavelle J, Elias C, Frankel M, et al. The effect of trauma and confinement on functional health and mental health status of Cambodians living in Thailand-Cambodia border camps. J Am Med Assoc 1993;270:581-586 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.270.5.581
- Mollica RF, McInnes K, Sarajlic N, Lavelle J, Sarajlic I, Massagli MP. Disability associated with psychiatric comorbidity and health status in Bosnian refugees living in Croatia. J Am Med Assoc 1999;282:433-439 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.282.5.433
- Van Ommeren M, de Jong JTVM, Sharma B, Komproe I, Thapa S, Cardena E. Psychiatric disorders among tortured Bhutanese refugees in Nepal. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001;58:475-482 https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.58.5.475
- Kinzie JD, Bodhnlein JK, Leung P, Moore L, Riley C, Smith D. The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and its clinical significance among southeast Asian refugees. Am J Psychiatry 1990;147:913-917 https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.147.7.913
- Lee Y, Lee MK, Chun KH, Lee YK, Yoon SJ. Trauma experience of North Korean refugees in China. Am J Preventive Med 2001;20:225-229 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(00)00282-8
- Jeon WT. A study on defector's social adaptation & self-identity. Korean Unification Studies 1997;1:109-167
- Kang SR. Development of trauma scale for North Korean refugee [Dissertation]. Seoul: Yonsei University;2000
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental diseases (4th ed.) Washington, DC Author;1994
- Hahn OS, Ahn JH, Song SH, Cho MJ, Kim JK, Bae JN, et al. Development of Korean version of Structured Clinical Interview Schedule for DSM-IV Axis I Disorder: Interrater reliability. J Korean Neuropsychiatric Assoc 2000;39:362-372
-
Cochran WG. Some methods for strengthening the common
${\chi}^{2}$ tests. Biometrics 1954;10:417-451 https://doi.org/10.2307/3001616 - Armitage P. Tests for linear trends in proportions and frequencies. Biometrics 1955;11:375-386 https://doi.org/10.2307/3001775
- Breslau N, Davis GC, Andreski P, Peterson EL, Schultz SR. Sex differences in posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997;54:1044-1048 https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830230082012
- Seedat S, Stein DJ. Trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder in women: a review. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2000;15:S25-S33
- Stein MB, Walker JR, Forde DR. Gender differences in susceptibility to posttraumatic stress disorder. Behav Res Therapy 2000;38:619-628 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00098-4
- Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, Nelson CB, Hughes M, Eshleman S, et al. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch General Psychiatry 1994;51:8-19 https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002
- Cheung P. Post-traumatic stress disorder among Cambodian refugees in New Zealand. Int J Soc Psychiatry 1994;40:17-26 https://doi.org/10.1177/002076409404000102
- De Jong JT, Komproe IH, Van Ommeren M, El Masri M, Araya M, Khaled N, et al. Lifetime events and posttraumatic stress disorder in 4 postconflict settings. J Am Med Assoc 2001;286:555-562 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.286.5.555
- Hauff E, Vaglum P. Chronic post-traumatic stress disorder in Vietnamese refugees: a prospective community study of prevalence, course, psychopathology and stressors. J Nervous Mental Dis 1994;182:85-90 https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199402000-00004
- Mollica RF, Sarajlic N, Chemoff M, Lavelle J, Vukovic IS, Massagli MP. Longitudinal study of psychiatric symptoms, disability, mortality, and emigration among Bosnian refugees. J Am Med Assoc 2001;286:546-554 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.286.5.546
- Silove D, Steel Z, McGorry P, Mohan P. Trauma exposure, postmigration stressors, and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress in Tamil asylum-seekers: comparison with refugees and immigrants. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1998;97:175-181 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1998.tb09984.x
- Caspi Y, Poole C, Mollica RF, Frankel M. Relationship of child loss to psychiatric and functional impairment in resettled Cambodian refugees. J Nervous Mental Dis 1998;186:484-491 https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199808000-00006
- Rousseau C, Mekki-Berrada A, Moreau S. Trauma and extended separation from family among Latin American and African refugees in Montreal. Psychiatry 2001;64:40-59 https://doi.org/10.1521/psyc.64.1.40.18238
- Jeon WT. Review of adaptation and mental health of refugees and perspectives and counterplots in Korean reunification process. J Korean Neuropsychiatry Assoc 1997;36:3-18
- Jeon WT. Issues and problems of adaptation of North Korean defectors to South Korean society: an in-depth interview study with 32 Defectors. Yonsei Med J 2000;41:362-371 https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2000.41.3.362