Laboraroty Animal Research

Korean Association for Laboratory Animal Science (한국실험동물학회)
권호 표지

Acute Toxicity Evaluation of Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus) Essential Oil in Rats

랫드에서 레몬그라스(Cymbopogon citratus) 정유의 급성독성 평가

Shin, Jin-Young;Park, Seung-Chun;Kim, Ki-Hyun;Bae, Chun-Sik;Kim, Sung-Ho;Shin, Dong-Ho;Kim, Jong-Choon
신진영;박승춘;김기현;배춘식;김성호;신동호;김종춘

  • Published : 20050600
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The present study was conducted to determine the potential acute toxicity of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil by a single oral dose in Sprague-Dawley rats. The test article was orally administered once by gavage to male and female rats at dose levels of 0, 2,500, 5,000 or 10,000 mg/kg body weight. Mortalities, clinical findings, and body weight changes were monitored for the 14-day period following the administration. At the end of 14-day observation period, all animals were sacrificed and complete gross postmortem and histopathological examinations were performed. Treatment-related toxic symptoms were observed at above 5,000 mg/kg in a dose-dependent manner. Two males and 5 females at 10,000 mg/kg were found dead from treatment day through day 9 on test. In addition, decreased body weight gain and increased incidences of gross findings, such as enlargement, brittleness and adhesion with spleen and stomach in the liver and enlargement in the spleen were seen at 5,000 mg/kg or higher. Histopathological examinations showed an increased incidence of congestion, dilated sinusoid, infiltration of mononucleated cells, proliferation of connective tissue and degeneration of hepatocytes in the liver at above 5,000 mg/kg. No adverse effects were found at 2,500 mg/kg. The results showed that the single oral administration of lemon grass essential oil to rats caused increased incidences of clinical signs and death, suppressed body weight gain, and increased incidences of gross and histopathological changes in liver and spleen. The median lethal dose (L$D_{50}$) of lemon grass essential oil was considered to be 10,260 mg/kg for males and 7,063 mg/kg for females.

Keywords

References

  1. 정해곤, 방진기, 성낙술 & 김성민 (2003): 자원식물의 기능성 정유성분 이용고찰. 한작지, 48(S): 41-48
  2. Onawunmi GO, Yisak WA & Ogunlana EO. (1984): Antibacterial constituents in the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. J Ethnopharmacol 12: 279-286 https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(84)90057-6
  3. Brophy JJ, Goldsack RJ, Fookes CJR & Forster PI (1995): Leaf oils of the genus Backhousia (Myrtaceae). J Essent Oil Res 7: 237-254 https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698514
  4. Choi HS, Song HS, Ukeda H & Sawamura M. (2000): Radical-scavenging activities of citrus essential oiIs and their components: detection using 1,1diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl. J Agric Food Chem 48: 4156-4161 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000227d
  5. Bankole SA, Joda AO & Ashidi JS (2005): The use of powder and essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus against mould deterioration and aflatoxin contamination of 'egusi' melon seeds. J Basic Microbiol 45: 20-30 https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.200410435
  6. de Sousa AC, Alviano DS, Blank AF, Alves PB, Alviano CS & Gattass CR (2004): Melissa officinalis L. essential oil: antitumoral and antioxidant activities. J Pharm Pharmacol 56: 677-681 https://doi.org/10.1211/0022357023321
  7. Friedman M, Henika PR, Levin CE & Mandrell RE. (2004): Antibacterial activities of plant essential oils and their components against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica in apple juice. J Agric Food Chem 52: 6042-6048 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0495340
  8. 김기현 & 최영선 (2001): 항균 및 항진균작용이 있는 정유 조성물(대한민국 특허 제 0285781호), 2001년 1월 6일
  9. 김기현 & 최영선 (2002): 유물 및 기록물의 소독을 위하여 허브 정유를 이용한 소독방법 및 소독장치(대한민국 특허 제 0330963호), 2002년 3월 20일
  10. 식품의약품안전청 (1999): 의약품등의 독성시험기준, 식품의약품안전청 고시 1999-61호, 식품의약품안전청, 서울
  11. 농촌진흥청 (2000): 농약의 등록시험기준과 방법, 농촌진흥청고시 제 2000-1호(2000년 4월 10일), 농촌진흥청,수원
  12. Finney DJ (1971): Probit Analysis (3rd ed.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 333
  13. Hodge HC & Sterner JH (1949): Tabulation of toxicity classes. Am Ind Hyg Q 10: 93
  14. US Environmental Protection Agency (1998): Health Effects Test Guidelines OPPTS 870.100, Acute Toxicity Testing Background. US EPA August, Washington, USA
  15. Jenner PM, Hagan EC, Taylor JM, Cook EL & Fitzhugh OG (1964): Food favourings and compounds of related structure I. Acute oral toxicity. Food Cosm Toxicol 2: 327-343 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-6264(64)80192-9
  16. Kim JC, Kim SH, Shin DH, Ahn TH, Kim HC, Kim YB, Jiang CJ, Han J & Chung MK (2004): Effects of prenatal exposure to the environmental pollutant 2-bromopropane on embryo-fetal development in rats. Toxicology 196: 77-86 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2003.11.006
  17. Kim JC, Shin DH, Kim SH, Kim JK, Park SC, Son WC, Lee HS, Suh JE, Kim CY, Ha CS & Chung MK (2004): Subacute toxicity evaluation of a new camptothecin anticancer agent CKD-602 administered by intravenous injection to rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 40: 356-369 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2004.09.002
  18. Manabe A, Nakayama S & Sakamoto K (1987): Effects of essential oils on erythrocytes and hepatocytes from rats and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholineliposomes. Jpn J Pharmacol 44: 77-84 https://doi.org/10.1254/jjp.44.77
  19. Hayes AJ & Markovic B (2002): Toxicity of Australian essential oil Backhousia citriodora (Lemon myrtle). Part I. Antimicrobial activity and in vitro cytotoxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 40: 535-543 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(01)00103-X
  20. Sztajnkrycer MD, Otten EJ, Bond GR, Lindsell CJ & Goetz RJ (2003): Mitigation of pennyroyal oil hepatotoxicity in the mouse. Acad Emerg Med 10: 10241028
  21. 권태선, 신진영, 박승춘, 김기현, 신동호 & 김종춘 (2004): 랫드에서 oregano oil의 급성독성 평가. 한국실험동물학회지, 20: 419-425