Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

The Korean Society of Occupational & Environmental Medicine (대한직업환경의학회)
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Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Aviation Maintenance Technicians

항공정비사의 근골격계 증상과 위험요인

Chae, Duck-Hee;Kim, Jeong-Hyun
채덕희;김정현

  • Published : 20050900
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Abstract

Objectives: To identify risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms in aviation maintenance technicians in order to provide basic information for intervention programs to prevent and manage musculoskeletal symptoms for these technicians. Methods: Between October 18 and 25, 2004, 286 aviation maintenance technicians answered a self-administered questionnaire, which included general characteristics, Karasek’s Job Content Questionnaire for psychosocial characteristics, and work-related characteristics. The musculoskeletal symptoms were evaluated using the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) surveillance criteria. Statistical analysis included means and standard deviation, x2-test, t-test, and logistic regression. Results: A quarter (25.8%) of the workers reported musculoskeletal symptoms in more than one body region. The prevalence of symptoms was 12.9% in the lower back, 10.2% in the shoulders, 9.4% in the legs/foots, 9% in the neck, 5.9% in the hands/wrists/fingers, and 2.7% in the arms/elbows. General characteristics were not found to influence musculoskeletal symptoms, except that workers practicing regular exercise reported fewer lower back symptoms (p=.038). Low social support (p=.001), and low supervisory support (p=.000) were significant factors for increased musculoskeletal symptoms whereas decisions latitude, psychological job demands, and co-worker support were not found to have significant associations, with the exception of low decision latitude which was significantly associated with increased legs/foots symptoms (p=.034). More than two thirds (69.6%) of the workers whose perceived physical load was very high complained of symptoms. This rate was eight times higher than for workers whose perceived load was very low (p=.000). The workers highly exposed to both physical and psychosocial risk factors were more likely to report musculoskeletal symptoms than workers highly exposed to only one of these factors (p=.000). The odds ratios for very high-perceived physical load (OR 13.9) and low supervisory support (OR 2.9) were clearly increased. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that consideration for perceived physical load and psychosocial characteristics as important determinants is necessary to prevent musculoskeletal symptoms in aviation maintenance technicians. To develop effective intervention programs to prevent musculoskeletal symptoms, a comprehensive and systematic approach should be the basic premise. Such an intervention program should consist of ergonomic, managerial and behavioral interventions to reduce physical load and psychosocial factors.

목적: 본 연구는 항공정비사를 대상으로 근골격계 증상과 이와 관련된 위험요인을 파악하여 항공정비사의 근골격계 증상을 예방ㆍ관리하기 위한 중재 프로그램 개발에 필요한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 시도된 조사연구이다. 방법: 연구대상은 2004년 10월 18일부터 2004년 10월 25일까지 국내 A 항공사에 근무하고 있는 전체 항공정비사 638명을 근접모집단으로 하여 작업활동 특성에 따라 비확률 할당표집의 방법으로 표출된 256명을 대상으로 구조화된 설문지를 이용한 자료 수집을 실시하였다. 설문지를 통해 근골격계 증상, 일반적 특성, 사회심리적 특성, 작업관련 특성을 조사하였고, 수집된 자료는 기술통계, $x^{2}$ 검정, t 검정, 로지스틱 회귀분석 등을 이용하여 분석하였다. 결과: 신체부위의 어느 한 부위 이상에서 근골격계 증상을 가진 자는 25.8%였다. 신체부위별 증상 호소는 허리(12.9%), 어깨(10.2%), 다리/발(9.4%), 목(9%), 손/손목/손가락(5.9%), 팔/팔꿈치(2.7%)순으로 높았다. 일반적 특성은 근골격계 증상과 관련이 없었으며, 신체부위별 근골격계 증상과의 관계에서 허리는 운동을 하지 않는 군의 증상 호소율이 유의하게 높았다(p=.038). 사회심리적 특성에서 사회적 지지가 낮은 군(p=.001), 상사의 지지가 낮은 군(p=.000)의 증상 호소율이 높았다. 사회적 지지와 상사의 지지는 지지가 낮은 군이 모든 신체부위에서 높은 증상 호소율을 보였으며, 특히 목, 어깨, 허리와 같은 신체 중심부위는 유의하게 높았다(p<.05). 그러나 직무재량도, 직무요구도, 동료의 지지와 근골격계 증상과는 유의한 관련성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 단, 신체부위 가운데 다리/발은 재량도가 낮은 군의 증상 호소율이 높았다(p=.034). 작업관련 특성 가운데 현재 하고 있는 일에 대한 육체적 부담이 매우 힘들다고 느끼는 대상자의 증상 호소율이 69.6%로 전혀 힘들지 않다고 응답한 군의 8.7%에 비해 8배나 높은 비율을 보였다(p=.000). 육체적 부담은 손/손목/손가락을 제외한 모든 신체부위에서 매우 힘들다고 응답한 대상자의 증상 호소율이 높았다(p<.05). 육체적 부담과 사회심리적 특성의 상호작용에 따른 근골격계 증상을 조사한 결과 육체적 부담이 높고, 사회심리적 부담이 높은 군의 증상 호소율이 39.7%로 가장 높았고, 육체적 부담과 사회심리적 부담이 모두 낮은 군이 11.8%로 가장 낮았다(p=.000). 근골격계 증상과 관련된 위험요인을 파악하기 위하여 로지스틱 회귀분석한 결과, 육체적 부담이 힘들수록(OR 13.9), 상사의 지지가 낮을수록(OR 2.9) 비차비가 높았다. 결론: 본 연구에서는 현재 수행하는 작업의 육체적 부담과 사회심리적 특성이 항공정비사의 근골격계 증상 예방을 위해 중요하게 고려되어야 할 변수임을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 항공정비사의 근골격계 위험요인을 줄이고 증상을 예방하기 위해서는 육체적 부담을 경감시키기 위한 공학적•행정적ㆍ행위적 중재(Han, 2003)뿐만 아니라 사회심리적 요인을 고려한 포괄적이고 체계적인 접근이 고려되어야 할 것이다. 그러나 본 연구는 단면적 조사연구이므로 항공정비사의 근골격계 위험요인을 정확히 분석하기 위해서는 입사 단계에서의 건강정보를 토대로 증상호소의 원인을 보다 명확히 규명할 수 있는 연구가 필요하다.

Keywords

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