Symptom Prevalence and Primary Intervention of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders and Their Related Factors Among Manufacturing Workers

일부 제조업체 노동자들의 작업관련 근골격계질환의 증상 유병률과 일차 중재의 관련 요인

Kim, Hyun-Joo;Jeong, Woo-Chul
김현주;정우철

  • Published : 20050600

Abstract

Objevtives: To investigate the symptom prevalence and the primary intervention of work-related musculoskeletal diseases(WMSDs) and their related factors among manufacturing workers. Method: A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted on 2,457 workers, at 22 enterprises in Chungnam province, Korea, from September 1 to December 1, 2003. The contents of the questionnaire included general and work-related characteristics, musculoskeletal symptoms and workers’past one-year experience of primary interventions. Results: 1. The overall symptom prevalence of the musculoskeletal diseases was 23.9%. The WMSD symptom prevalences at the neck/shoulder, arm/elbow, hand/wrist and back/leg were 14.8%. 2.7%. 7.3% and 12.0%, respectively. 2. In multivariate analysis, all WMSD symptom prevalences were high in the high workload, high force & high repetitiveness, and ‘high job strain’groups. The WMSD symptom prevalence at neck/shoulder was also high in females and the group experiencing low social support from the supervisor. 3. The rates of the primary interventions were as follows : 13.7% for health education, 5.8% for health counselling, 18.8% for preventive exercise, 24.7% for ergonomic intervention, and 9.8% for administrative intervention. 4. In multivariate analysis, the size of the enterprises and the type of occupational health management system(OHMS) were significantly associated with all primary interventions except health counselling(p<0.05). The other individual-level predictive factors were as follows. Those for the health education were male and union presence. Those for the health counselling were older age(${\geq}$40 years), irregular employment, and the active group of Karasek’s job strain model. Those for the preventive exercise were male, older age, longer tenure and regular employment. Those for the ergonomic intervention were longer tenure, job of physical force and/or repetitiveness, high job stain and the group experiencing high social support from the supervisor. The predictive factor for the administrative intervention was male (p<0.05). Conclusions: To establish an effective strategy for the primary prevention of WMSDs, approaches are needed which consider the individual nature of small and medium sized enterprises. Also necessary is to promote the participation of labor and management because the activation of the primary intervention was associated with the type of OHMS and union presence. Moreover the reduction of workload and increased intervention into the high risk group could be effective in the prevention of WMSDs.

목적: 일부 제조업체 노동자들의 작업관련 근골격계질환의 증상 유병률 및 일차 중재 실태와 그 관련 요인을 파악하는 데 있다. 방법: 충청남도 소재 일부 제조업체 22개소 노동자 2,457명을 대상으로 2003년 9월-12월 사이에 설문조사를 실시하였고 조사 내용은 일반적 특성, 작업관련 근골격계질환의 위험 요인, 증상, 일차 중재 경험 등으로 구성되었다. 결과: 1. 작업관련 근골격계질환의 증상 유병률은 목과 어깨에서 14.8%, 팔과 팔꿈치에서 2.7%, 손과 손목에서 7.3%, 허리와 다리에서 12.0%이었다. 2. 다변량 분석에서 작업관련 근골격계질환의 위험은 모든 신체 부위에서 작업부하, 고중량 고반복 작업군 및 고긴장군에서 높았고, 목과 어깨부위에서는 여성, 상사에 의한 사회적지지가 낮은 군에서도 높았다. 3. 지난 일년 동안 일차중재 경험은 보건교육이 13.7%, 건강 상담이 5.8%, 예방 체조가 18.8%, 인간공학적 중재가 24.7%, 행정적 중재가 9.8%이었다. 4. 다변량 분석에서 소속 사업장의 규모와 보건관리 형태는 건강 상담을 제외한 모든 일차중재 경험과 관련이 있었으며, 보건교육은 남성과 질환자에서, 건강 상담은 40세 이상, 비정규직, 능동적 집단에서, 예방 체조는 남성, 30세 이상, 5년 이상 근무자, 그리고 정규직에서, 인간공학적 중재는 10년 이상 근무자, 고중량 고반복 작업군, 고긴장군, 그리고 상사에 의한 사회적 지지가 높은 경우에서, 행정적 중재는 남성에서 더 많이 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 우리나라 작업관련 근골격계질환의 효과적인 예방을 위해서는 자원과 전문 인력이 부족한 중소기업의 특성을 고려하여 접근해야 한다. 특히 사업장의 보건관리형태 및 노동조합의 유무가 일차 중재에 영향을 미친다는 점에서 작업관련 근골격계질환의 예방에서 노사의 참여를 촉진할 수 있는 정책이 요구된다. 또한 일차 중재의 대상에 취약집단을 반드시 포함시키고 기존의 위험 요인 뿐아니라 작업부하와 같은 위험 요인을 감소시키려는 노력이 필요하다.

Keywords

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