Korean Public Administration Review (한국행정학보)

The Korean Association for Public Administration (한국행정학회)
권호 표지

The Effects of Individual Factors and Organizational Factors on Public Officials' Ethical Judgment

개인적 요인과 조직적 요인이 공직자의 윤리적 판단에 미치는 영향

Kim, Ho-Jung
김호정

  • Published : 20051200
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study examines the impact of individual factors and organizational factors on an ethical judgment. Questionnaire data were obtained from 315 public sector employees who work for 12 autonomous districts in Pusan metropolitan city. Major findings are reported: (1) Internals have the higher level of ethical judgment than externals; (2) Machiavellianism, relativism are negatively associated with an ethical judgment and idealism is positively associated with an ethical judgment; (3) top managers and punishments are positively associated with an ethical judgment and reward is negatively associated with an ethical judgment; (4) Individual factors have a stronger influence than organizational factors on an ethical judgment; (5) The ethical judgments of older age groups are more influenced by individual factors.

본 연구는 부산시내 구청공무원 315명을 대상으로 개인적 요인과 조직적 요인이 개인의 윤리적 판단에 미치는 영향을 분석한 것이다. 분석결과 개인적 요인으로는 내재론자가 외재론자보다 윤리적 판단수준이 높았으며, 이상주의가 강할수록, 그리고 마키아벨리언이즘과 상대주의는 약할수록 윤리적 판단이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 조직적 요인으로는 최고관리자가 윤리적일수록, 비윤리적 행동에 대한 처벌이 엄격할수록 윤리적 판단은 높아지는 반면, 윤리적 행동에 대한 보상이 이루어질수록 윤리적 판단은 낮은 것으로 나왔다. 두 가지 요인의 비교에서는 조직적 요인보다 개인적 요인이 윤리적 판단에 더 큰 영향을 미치는데, 개인적 요인의 상대적 중요성은 연령이 많아질수록 높아지는 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. 강혜련. 김예송. 임희정. (2002). 비즈니스 상황의 윤리적 판단에 관한 남녀비교 실증연구. 인사관리연구, 26(3): 1-24
  2. 김호섭. (1990). 행정문화의 비판적 수용을 통하여 본 행정윤리의 방향. 한국행정학보, 24(1): 57-88
  3. 박광국. (1995). 관료부패현상에 대한 인식도 평가. 한국행정연구, 4(3): 137-158
  4. 변지은. 이수정. 윤소연. 김근영. 손승영. 오경자. (1997). 개인의 윤리적 가치관과 조직중심적 경향이 관료 부패에 대한 용인도에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 사회문제, 3(1): 107-122
  5. 부패방지위원회. (2004.9). 보도자료
  6. 이서행. (2001). 한국사회 부패의 문화적 기저와 그 해체가능성 모색. 한국부패학회보, 5: 53-74
  7. Akaah, I., & Riordan, E. A. (1989). Judgments of Marketing Professionals about Ethical Issues in Marketing Research: A Replication and Extension. Journal of Marketing Research. 26: 112-120 https://doi.org/10.2307/3172674
  8. Axinn, C. N., Blair, M. E., Heorhiadi, A., & Thach, S. V. (2004). Comparing Ethical Ideologies Across Cultures. Journal of Business Ethics. 54: 103-119 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-004-0663-1
  9. Barnett, T., Bass, K., Brown, G., & Hebert, F. J. (1998). Ethical Ideology and the Ethical Judgments of Marketing Professionals. Journal of Business Ethics. 17: 715-723 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005736404300
  10. Barnett, T., & Vaicys, C. (2000). The Moderating Effect of Individuals' Perceptions of Ethical Work Climate on Ethical Judgments and Behavioral Intentions. Journal of Business Ethics. 27: 351-362 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006382407821
  11. Beu, D. S., Buckley, R., & Harvey, M. G. (2003). Ethical Decision-Making: A Multidimensional Construct. Business Ethics: A European Review. 12(1): 88-107 https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8608.00308
  12. Brower, H. H., & Shrader, C. B. (2000). Moral Reasoning and Ethical Climate: Not-for-Profit vs. For-Profit Boards of Directors. Journal of Business Ethics. 26: 147-167 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006150115975
  13. Christie, P. M. J., Kwon, I. G., Stoeberl, P. A., & Baumhart, R. (2003). A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Ethical Attitudes of Business Managers: India, Korea and the United States. Journal of Business Ethics. 46: 263-287 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025501426590
  14. Davis, M. A., Anderson, M. G., & Curtis, M. B. (2001). Measuring Ethical Ideology in Business Ethics: A Critical Analysis of the Ethics Position Questionnaire. Journal of Business Ethics. 32: 35-53 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010701417165
  15. Douglas, P. C., Davidson, R. A., & Schwartz, B. N. (2001). The Effect of Organizational Culture and Ethical Orientation on Accountants' Ethical Judgments. Journal of Business Ethics. 34: 101-121 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012261900281
  16. Ford, R. C., & Richardson, W. D. (1994). Ethical Decision Making: A Review of the Empirical Literature. Journal of Business Ethics. 13: 205-221 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02074820
  17. Freeman, S. J. M., & Giebink, J. W. (1979). Moral Judgment as A Function of Age, Sex, and Stimulus. The Journal of Psychology. 102: 43-47 https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1979.9915093
  18. Hegarty, W. H., & Sims, H. P., Jr. (1978). Some Determinants of Unethical Decision Behavior: An Experiment. Journal of Applied Pshchology. 63(4): 451-457 https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.63.4.451
  19. Hegarty, W. H., & Sims, H. P., Jr. (1979). Organizational Philosophy, Policies, and Objectives Related to Unethical Decision Behavior: A Laboratory Experiment. Journal of Applied Pshchology. 64(3): 331-338 https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.64.3.331
  20. Hunt, S. D., Chonko, L. B., & Wilcox, J. B. (1984). Ethical Problems of Marketing Researchers. Journal of Marketing Research. 21: 309-324 https://doi.org/10.2307/3151607
  21. Jones, G. E., & Kavanagh, M. J. (1996). An Experimental Examination of the Effects of Individual and Situational Factors on Unethical Behavioral Intentions in the Workplace. Journal of Business Ethics. 15: 511-523 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00381927
  22. Jones, T. M. (1991). Ethical Decision Making by Individuals in Organizations: An Issue-Contigent Model. Academy of Management Review. 16(2): 366-395 https://doi.org/10.2307/258867
  23. Key, S. (1999). Organizational Ethical Culture: Real or Imagined? Journal of Business Ethics. 20: 217-225 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006047421834
  24. Kidwell, J. M., Stevens, R. E., & Bethke, A. L. (1987). Differences in Ethical Perceptions Between Male and Female Managers: Myth or Reality? Journal of Business Ethics. 6: 489-493 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00383291
  25. Lee, C. Y., & Yoshihara, H. (1997). Business Ethics of Korean and Japanese Managers. Journal of Business Ethics. 16: 7-21 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017948609450
  26. Lee, D. J., & Sirgy, M. J. (1999). The Effect of Moral Philosophy and Ethnocentrism on Quality-of-Life Orientation in International Marketing: A Cross-Cultural Comparison. Journal of Business Ethics. 18: 73-89 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006081809105
  27. Lifton, P. D. (1985). Individual Differences in Moral Development: The Relation of Sex, Gender, and Personality to Morality. Journal of Personality. 53(2): 306-334 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1985.tb00368.x
  28. Marshall, K. P. (1999). Has Technology Introduced New Ethical Problems? Journal of Business Ethics. 19: 81-90 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006154023743
  29. McCuddy, M. K., & Peery, B. L. (1996). Selected Individual Differences and Collegians' Ethical Beliefs. Journal of Business Ethics. 15: 261-272 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00382952
  30. Perterson, D. K. (2002). The Relationship Between Unethical Behavior and the Dimensions of the Ethical Climate Questionnaire. Journal of Business Ethics. 41: 313-326 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021243117958
  31. Peterson, D., Rhoads, A., & Vaught, B. C. (2001). Ethical Beliefs of Business Professionals: A Study of Gender, Age and External Factors. Journal of Business Ethics. 31: 225-232 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010744927551
  32. Redfern, L., & Crawford, J. (2004). An Empirical Investigation of the Ethical Position Questionnaire in the People's Republic of China, Journal of Business Ethics. 50: 199-210 https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BUSI.0000024741.85399.0d
  33. Reiss, M. C., & Mitra, K. (1998). The Effects of Individual Difference Factors on the Acceptability of Ethical and Unethical Workplace Behaviors. Journal of Business Ethics. 17: 1581-1593 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005742408725
  34. Singhapakdi, A. (1993). Ethical Perceptions of Marketers: The Interaction Effects of Machiavellianism and Organizational Ethical Culture. Journal of Business Ethics. 12: 407-418 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00882031
  35. Trevino, L. K. (1986). Ethical Decision Making in Organizations: A Person-Situation Interactionist Model. Academy of Management Review. 11(3): 601-617 https://doi.org/10.2307/258313
  36. Trevino, L. K., & Youngblood, S. A. (1990). Bad Apples in Bad Barrels: A Causal Analysis of Ethical Decision-Making Behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology. 75(4): 378-385 https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.75.4.378
  37. Valentine, S., & Fleischman, G. (2003). The Impact of Self-Esteem, Machiavellianism, and Social Capital on Attorneys' Traditional Gender Outlook. Journal of Business Ethics. 43: 323-335 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023008828115
  38. Walker, L. (1984). Sex Differences in the Development of Moral Reasoning: A Critical Review. Child Development. 55: 677-691 https://doi.org/10.2307/1130121
  39. Weeks, W. A., Moore, C. W., McKinney, J. A., & Longenecker, J. G. (1999). The Effects of Gender and Career Stage on Ethical Judgment. Journal of Business Ethics. 20: 301-313 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005955501120
  40. Winter, S. J., Stylianou, A.C., & Giacalone, R. A. (2004). Indivdual Differences in the Acceptability of Unethical Information Technology Practice: The Case of Machiavellianism and Ethical Ideology. Journal of Business Ethics. 54: 279-301
  41. Wittmer, D. P. (1994). Ethical Decision Making. In Terry C. Cooper(ed.), Handbook of Administrative Ethics, 349-372. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc
  42. Zey-Ferrell, M., Weaver, K. M., & Ferrell, O. C. (1979). Predicting Unethical Behavior Among Marketing Practitioners. Human Relations. 32: 557-569 https://doi.org/10.1177/001872677903200702
  43. Zey-Ferrell, M., & Ferrell, O. C. (1982). Role-Set Configuration and Opportunity as Predicting of Unethical Behavior in Organizations. Human Relations. 35(7): 587-604 https://doi.org/10.1177/001872678203500707
  44. http://www.kicac.go.kr