DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Investigation of Nitrate Contamination Sources Under the Conventional and Organic Agricultural Systems Using Nitrogen Isotope Ratios

질소 동위원소비를 이용한 관행농업과 유기농업에서의 질산태 질소 오염원 구명

  • Ko, H.J. (Korea National Open University) ;
  • Choi, H.L. (School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, K.Y. (Preventive Medicine & Public Health, College of Medicine, Ajou University)
  • Published : 2005.06.30

Abstract

Nitrate contamination in water system is a critical environmental problem caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizer and concentration of livestock. In order to prevent further contamination, therefore, it is necessary to understand the origin of nitrate in nitrogen loading sources and manage the very source of contamination. The objective of this study was to examine the nitrate contamination sources in different agricultural system by using nitrogen isotope ratios. Groundwater and runoff water samples were collected on a monthly basis from February 2003 to November 2003 and analyzed for nitrogen isotopes. The nitrate concentrations of groundwater in livestock fanning area were higher than those in conventional and organic fanning area and exceeded the national drinking water standard of 10mg N/ l. The ${\delta}^{15}N$ranges of chemical fertilizer and animal manure were - 3.7${\sim}$+2.3$\textperthousand$ and +12.5${\sim}$26.7$\textperthousand$, respectively. The higher ${\delta}^{15}N$ of animal manure than those of chemical fertilizer reflected isotope fractionation and volatilization of '''N. The different agricultural systems and corresponding average nitrate concentrations and ${\delta}^{15}N$ values were: conventional farming, 5.47mg/e, 8.3$\textperthousand$; organic fanning, 5.88mg/e, 10.1$\textperthousand$; crop-livestock farming, 12.5mg/e, 17.7%0. These data indicated that whether conventional or organic agriculture effected groundwater and runoff water quality. In conclusions, relationship between nitrate concentrations and ${\delta}^{15}N$ value could be used to make a distinction between nitrate derived from chemical fertilizer and from animal manure. Additional investigation is required to monitor long-term impact on water quality in accordance with agricultural systems.

Keywords

References

  1. Aravena, R., Evans, M. L. and Cherry, J. A. 1993. Stable isotopes of oxygen and nitrogen in source identification of nitrate from septic systems. Ground Water. 31:180-186 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb01809.x
  2. Choi, W. J., Ro, H. M. and Hobbie, E. A. 2003. Patterns of natural $^{15}N$ in soils and plants from chemically and organically fertilized uplands. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 35:1493-1500 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(03)00246-3
  3. Gormly, J. R. and Spalding, R. E. 1979. Sources and concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen in groundwater of the central platte region, Nebraska. Groundwater. 17(3):291-301 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1979.tb03323.x
  4. Hauck, R. D., Meisinger, J. J. and Mulvaney, R. L. 1994. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Microbiological and Biochemical Properties. Soil Science Society of America. SSSA Book Series, no. 5. pp. 907-950
  5. Heaton, T. H. E. 1986. Isotopic studies of nitrogen pollution in the hydrosphere and atmosphere: a review. Chem. Geol. 59:87-102 https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(86)90046-X
  6. Hermansen, J. E. 2003. Organic livestock production systems and appropriate development in relation to public expectations. Livestock Production Science. 80:3-15 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(02)00313-5
  7. Hollen, B. F., Owens, J. R. and Sewell, J. I. 1992. Water quality in a stream receiving dairy feedlot effluent. J. Environ. Qual. 11:5-9 https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1982.00472425001100010002x
  8. Iqbal, M. Z. and Krothe, N. C. 1995. Infiltration mechanisms related to agricultural waste transport through the soil mantle to karst aquifers of southern Indiana, USA. J. Hydrol. 164:171-192 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)02573-T
  9. Karr, J. D., Plaia, G., Genna, B., Barrick, R. and Showers, W. J. 1999. Nitrogen isotope tracing of eutrophication sources on a watershed scale: Neuse river basin, North Carolina. American Geophysical Union Spring Meeting Program, AGU, Washington, DC, p. 66
  10. Kellman, L. M. and Hillaire-Marcel, C. 2003. Evaluation of nitrogen isotopes as indicators of nitrate contamination sources in an agricultural watershed. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 95(1):87-102 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(02)00168-8
  11. Kirchmann, H. and Thorvaldsson, G. 2000. Challenging targets for future agriculture. European Journal of Agronomy. 12:145-161 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1161-0301(99)00053-2
  12. Knowles, R. and Blackburn, T. H. 1993. Nitrogen Isotope Techniques. Acadamic Press, Inc. New York
  13. Kohl, D. H., Shearer, G. B. and Commoner, B. 1971. Fertilizer nitrogen: Contribution to nitrate in surface water in a com belt watershed. Science. 174: 1331-1334 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.174.4016.1331
  14. Kolpin, D. W. 1997. Agricultural chemicals in groundwater of the midwestern United States: relations to land use. J. Environ. Qual. 26:1025-1037 https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1997.2641025x
  15. Komor, S. C. and Anderson, H. W. Jr. 1993. Nitrogen isotopes as indicators of nitrate sources in Minnesota sand-plain aquifers. Groundwater. 31(2):260-270 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb01818.x
  16. Krapac, I. G., Dey, W. S., Smyth, C. A. and Roy, W. R. 1998. Impacts of bacteria, metals, and nutrients on groundwater at two hog confinement facilities. Proceeding of the National Ground Water Association Animal Feeding Operations and Ground Water: Issues, Impacts, and Solutions- A Conference for the Future, St. Louis MO, pp. 29-50
  17. Kreitler, C. W. 1975. Determining the Source of Nitrate in Groundwater by Nitrogen Isotope Studies. Austin, Univ. of Texas, Bureau of Economic Geology, Report of Investigations, 83, pp. 1-57
  18. Kreitler, C. W. and Browning, L. A. 1983. Nitrogen-isotope analysis of Groundwater nitrate in Carbonate Aquifers: Natural sources Vs. Human Pollution. J. Hydrol. 61:285-301 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(83)90254-8
  19. Kreitler, C. W., Ragone, S. E. and Katz, B. G. 1978. $N^{15}/N^{14}$ Ratios of Ground-Water Nitrate, Long Island, New York. Groundwater. 16(6):404-409 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1978.tb03254.x
  20. Michelsen, J. 2001. Recent development and political acceptance of organic farming in Europe. Sociol. Ruralis. 41:3•20
  21. Padel, S., Lampkin, N. H., Dabbert, S. and Foster, C. 2002. Organic farming policy in the European Union. Advances in the Economics of Environmental Resources. 4: 169-194 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1569-3740(02)04009-9
  22. Panno, S. V., Hackley, K. C., Hwang, H. H. and Kelly, W. R. 2001. Determination of the sources of nitrate contamination in karst springs using isotopic and chemical indicators. Chemical Geology. 179: 113-128 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00318-7
  23. Parry, R. 1998. Agricultural phosphate and water quality: a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency perspective. J. Environ. Qual. 27:258-261 https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1998.272258x
  24. Spalding, R. F. and Exner, M. E. 1993. Occurrence of nitrate in groundwater: a review. J. Environ. Qual. 22:392-402 https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1993.223392x
  25. US Environmental Protection Agency. 1996. Environmental indicators of water quality in the United States. EPA 841-R-96-002. Office of Water, Washington, DC
  26. Wassenaar, L. I. 1995. Evaluation of the origin and fate of nitrate in the Abbotsford Aquifer using the isotopes of $^{15}N\;and\;^{18}O\;in\;NO_3$. App. Geochem. 10:391-405 https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(95)00013-A
  27. Wilson, G. B., Andrews, J. N. and Bath, A. H. 1994. The nitrogen isotope composition of groundwater nitrates from the East Midlands Triassic Sandstone aquifer, England. J. Hydrol. 157:35-46 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)90097-3
  28. Yoo, S. H., Choi, W. J. and Han G. H. 1999. An investigation of the sources of nitrate contamination in the Kyonggi province groundwater by isotope ratios analysis of nitrogen. Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer. 32(1):47-56
  29. 김경철. 2001. 요소와 돈분퇴비 투입에 따른 토양 및 작물체내 질소동위원소비 변화. 서울대학교 석사학위 논문
  30. 김선주, 김형중, 迂 修, 土谷富士夫, 여운식. 1997. 부숙처리된 축산분뇨슬러리 살포지역의 강우에 의한 영양물질 유출에 관한 연구. 한국농공학회지. 39(3):43-51
  31. 손상목, 한도희. 2002. 한국토착유기농업의 토양 비옥도 증진책에 대한 환경보전적 기능 평가. 한국토양비료학회지. 33(3):193-204
  32. 안연수, 최재웅, 김진호. 2001. 농촌 축산지역 지하수의 수질환경 조사연구. 농촌자원개발연구소 연구보고서
  33. 이현동, 배철호. 2002. 비점오염원 배출특성과 저감을 위한 최적관리방안. 한국물환경학회지. 18(6):569-606
  34. 정종배, 김민경, 김복진, 박우철. 1999. 임고천상류 소규모 농업유역에서 하천으로의 질소, 인 및 유기물의 부하. 한국환경농학회지. 18(1):70-76
  35. 최병국. 2004. 친환경농업 육성과 농산물 안전성 확보대책. 한국환경농학회 정기학술대회. pp. 29-38
  36. 환경부. 2003. 우리나라의 비점오염원 관리정책방향. 154p.

Cited by

  1. Unexpected nationwide nitrate declines in groundwater of Korea vol.31, pp.26, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11389