Journal of Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회논문집)

Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회)
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Multi-variable and Multi-site Calibration and Validation of SWAT for the Gap River Catchment

갑천유역을 대상으로 SWAT 모형의 다 변수 및 다 지점 검.보정

  • Kim, Jeong-Kon (Water Resources and Environment Research Center, Institute of Water and Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation) ;
  • Son, Kyong-Ho (Water Resources and Environment Research Center, Institute of Water and Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation) ;
  • Noh, Jun-Woo (Water Resources and Environment Research Center, Institute of Water and Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation) ;
  • Jang, Chang-Lae (Water Resources and Environment Research Center, Institute of Water and Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation) ;
  • Ko, Ick-Hwan (Water Resources and Environment Research Center, Institute of Water and Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation)
  • 김정곤 (한국수자원공사 수자원연구원) ;
  • 손경호 (한국수자원공사 수자원연구원) ;
  • 노준우 (한국수자원공사 수자원연구원) ;
  • 장창래 (한국수자원공사 수자원연구원) ;
  • 고익환 (한국수자원공사 수자원연구원)
  • Published : 2006.10.01
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Abstract

Hydrological models with many parameters and complex model structures require a powerful and detailed model calibration/validation scheme. In this study, we proposed a multi-variable and multi-site calibration and validation framework for the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model applied in the Gap-cheon catchment located downstream of the Geum river basin. The sensitivity analysis conducted before main calibration helped understand various hydrological processes and the characteristics of subcatchments by identifying sensitive parameters in the model. In addition, the model's parameters were estimated based on existing data prior to calibration in order to increase the validity of model. The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients and correlation coefficient were used to estimate compare model output with the observed streamflow data: $R_{eff}\;and\;R^2$ ranged 0.41-0.84 and 0.5-0.86, respectively, at the Heuduck station. Model reproduced baseflow estimated using recursive digital filter except for 2-5% overestimation at the Sindae and Boksu stations. Model also reproduced the temporal variability and fluctuation magnitude of observed groundwater levels with $R^2$ of 0.71 except for certain periods. Therefore, it was concluded that the use of multi-variable and multi-site method provided high confidence for the structure and estimated parameter values of the model.

많은 수의 매개변수와 복잡한 구조를 가진 수문모형의 적용 시 세밀하고 강력한 모델 검 보정이 요구된다. 본 연구에서 금강유역에 위치한 갑천 소유역에 준 분포형 모형인 SWAT모형을 이용하여 다 목적 지점 검 보정 방법을 제시하였다. 모형의 보정 전 민감도 분석을 통한 각 소유역별로 특성 분석이 이루어 졌고, 유출에 민감한 매개변수들을 추정하였다. 그리고 최소한의 보정을 통한 모형의 유효성을 높이기 위해, 관측된 데이터로부터 매개변수 값을 선보정하는 과정을 거쳤다. 그 결과 각 소유역 별로 다른 매개변수들의 민감도가 나타났다. 관측유량에 대한 보정 단계에서 $R_{eff}$는 0.41-0.84, $R^2$은 0.5-0.86 값으로 신뢰성 있는 결과를 얻었다. Recursive digital filter로 추정된 기저 유출량을 약 2% 범위에서 산정하였다. 관측 지하수 수위와의 비교에서도 전체적으로 관측된 지하수 수위의 시간적 변동추이와 변동 폭을 잘 나타내었으며, $R^2$는 0.69로 만족스러운 결과를 보였다. 결론적으로, 다 목적 지점 방법의 사용은 모형기 구조와 추정된 매개변수들에 높은 신뢰도를 제공하였다.

Keywords

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