Economic and Environmental Geology (자원환경지질)

The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental Geology (대한자원환경지질학회)
권호 표지

Mesozoic Gold-Silver Mineralization in South Korea: Metallogenic Provinces Reestimated to the Geodynamic Setting

남한의 중생대 금-은광화작용: 지구동력학적 관점에서 재검토된 금-은광상구

  • Choi, Seon-Gyu (Dept. of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Korea Univ.) ;
  • Park, Sang-Joon (Dept. of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Korea Univ.) ;
  • Kim, Sung-Won (Dept. of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Chonbuk National Univ.) ;
  • Kim, Chang-Seong (Dept. of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Korea Univ.) ;
  • Oh, Chang-Whan (Dept. of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Chonbuk National Univ.)
  • 최선규 (고려대학교 지구환경과학과) ;
  • 박상준 (고려대학교 지구환경과학과) ;
  • 김성원 (전북대학교 지구환경과학과) ;
  • 김창성 (고려대학교 지구환경과학과) ;
  • 오창환 (전북대학교 지구환경과학과)
  • Published : 2006.10.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The Au-Ag lode deposits in South Korea are closely associated with the Mesozoic granitoids. Namely, the Jurassic deposits formed in mesozonal environments related to deep-seated granitoids, whereas the Cretaceous ones were developed in porphyry-related environments related to subvolcanic granitoids. The time-space relationships of the Au-Ag lode deposits in South Korea are closely related to the changing plate motions during the Mesozoic. Most of the Jurassic auriferous deposits (about $165{\sim}145$ Ma) show fluid characteristics typical of an orogenic-type gold deposits, and were probably generated in a compressional to transpressional regime caused by an orthogonal to oblique convergence of the Izanagi Plate into the East Asian continental margin. On the other hand, strike-slip faults and caldera-related fractures together with subvolcanic activity are associated with major strike-slip faults reactivated by a northward (oblique) to northwestward (orthogonal) convergence, and probably have played an important role in the formation of the Cretaceous Au-Ag lode deposits (about $110{\sim}45$ Ma) under a continental arc setting. The temporal and spatial distinctions between the two typical Mesozoic deposit styles in South Korea probably reflect a different thermal episodes (i.e., late orogenic and post-orogenic) and ore-forming fluids related to different depths of emplacement of magma due to regional changes in tectonic environment.

남한의 중생대 금-은광상은 주로 쥐라기와 백악기 화성활동과 각각 밀접한 관계를 보이고 있으며, 고태평양 판의 섭입양태의 변화에 따라 다음과 같이 시 공간적으로 연계되어 있다. 쥐라기 금광상(약 $165{\sim}145Ma$)은 심부 지질조건에서 유입된 광화유체로부터 형성된 전형적인 특징을 보이고 있으며, 대보조산운동 말기동안 이자나기판의 섭입방향이 동북아시아를 향하여 직각방향으로부터 사각북향으로 변환되는 동안 고응력장은 압축력 환경으로부터 전단력 환경으로 변화함으로써 이 단계에 쥐라기 금광화작용이 집중적으로 진행된 양상을 보이고 있다. 반면에 백악기 동안 섭입양태가 사각방향에서 직각방향으로 재차 변화됨으로써 전기 백악기 좌수향 주향이동단층계의 발달과정에서 후기 백악기 반암형 화성활동과 관련된 천부 지질조건에서 유입된 다양한 기원의 유체로부터 점이성${\sim}$원지성 금-은광상과 비철금속광상(약 110${\sim}$45 Ma)이 배태되고 있다. 이러한 중생대 금-은광상의 유형은 대륙충돌 이후에 나타나는 지각진화 단계와 함께 고태평양판의 섭입양태 변화에 따라 서로 다른 관입심도를 갖는 화성암체가 관입됨으로써 심부 또는 천부 지질환경의 지열수계가 형성되고, 성인적으로 서로 다른 유형의 금-은광상이 배태된 것으로 추정된다.

Keywords

References

  1. 권성택, 이진한(1997) 호남전단대의 운동시기에 관한 소고. 지질학회지, 33권, p. 183-188
  2. 권성택, 전은영, 이진한 (1997) 경기육괴 변성암의 흑운모 Rb-Sr 연대: 지구조적 의미. 지질학회지, 33권, p. 49-53
  3. 김옥준 (1970) 남한의 금-은광상구. 광산지질, 3권, p. 163-167
  4. 김옥준 (1971) 남한의 초기 화감암류의 관입시기와 지각 변동. 광산지질, 4권, p. 1-9
  5. 박희인, 장호완, 진명식 (1988a) 태백산 지역내 광상의 생성연대. 광산지질, 21권, p. 57-67
  6. 박희인, 장호완, 진명식 (1988b) 한반도 중부지역의 광상 생성기와 생성구: 경기육괴내의 광상생성연대. 광산지질, 21권, p. 349-358
  7. 박희인, 장호완, 문희수 (1994) 경상분지 내 광상의 생성시기와 광상구. 한국과학재단 연구보고서 KOSEF 91-06-00-03, pp. 29-75
  8. 서지은, 최선규, 오창환, 송석환 (2006) 경기육괴내 신진지역의 초염기성암(웰라이트)에 대한 예비연구. 자원환경 지질학회 춘계 학술발표회 논문집, p. 88-89
  9. 오창환, 김성원, 이정후 (1998) 옥천변성대 남서부지역의 광역변성작용과 접촉변성작용에 관한 연구. 지질학회지, 34권, p. 311-332
  10. 이상렬, 최선규, 소칠섭, 유인창, 위수민, 허철호 (2003) 한국 경상분지 백악기 비철금속 광화작용과 그 성인적 의의: 함안-군북-고성(-창원) 및 의성 광상구를 중심으로. 자원환경지질, 36권, p. 257-268
  11. 이창신, 김용준, 박천영, 고진식 (1993) 광양-승주지역 금-은광상의 광화작용. 광산지질, 26권, p. 145-154
  12. 조문섭, 권성택, 이진한, Nakamura E. (1995) 연천-전곡 지역에 분포하는 임진강대의 고압 각섬암. 암석학회지, 4권, p. 1-19
  13. 조문섭, 김현철 (2002) 중부 옥천변성대의 변성진화: 최근의 연구결과 논평 및 문제점. 암석학회지, 1권, p. 121-137
  14. 조등룡, 권성택 (1994) 남한의 중생대 화강암에 대한 각섬석 지압계와 지각 두께의 진화. 지질학회지, 30권, p. 41-61
  15. 최범영 외 27인 (2002) 경상분지 중생대 광화작용. 한반도 지구조 진화연구: 후기 중생대-신생대 지구조 진화사 (2). 한국지질자원연구원, KR-02-01, p. 201-230
  16. 최선규, 박상준, ,최상훈, ,신홍자 (2001) 한국 중생대 화성 활동과 이에 수반된 금-은광화작용. 자원환경지질, 34권, p.25-38
  17. 홍세선 (2001) 각섬석 지압계를 이용한 영남육괴 내 화강암의 정치심도와 그 의미. 암석학회지, 10권, p. 36-55
  18. 홍세선, 조등룡 (2003) 지각 상하운동 연구. 한반도 지구조 진화연구: 후기 중생대-신생대 지구조 진화사 (3). 한국지질자원연구원, KR-03(최종)-01, p. 455-526
  19. Chang, K.H., Filatova, N.E. and Park, S.O. (1999) Upper Mesozoic stratigraphic synthesis of Korean Peninsula. Econ. Env. GeoI., v. 32, p. 353-363
  20. Cheong, C.S., Kwon, S.T. and Sagong, H. (2002) Geochemical and Sr-Nd-Y isotopic investigation of Triassic granitoids and basement rocks in the northern Gyeongsang basin, Korea: Implications for the young basement in the East asian continental margin. Island Arc, v. 11, p. 25-44 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1738.2002.00356.x
  21. Cheong, C.S., Cheong, K.Y., Kim, H., Choi, M.S., Lee, S. and Cho, M. (2003) Early Permian peak metamorphism recorded in U-Pb system of black slates from the Ogcheon metamorphic belt, South Korea, and its tectonic implication. Chem. GeoI., v. 193, p. 81-92 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00227-9
  22. Choi, S.G. and Choi, S.H. (1995) Contrasting styles of gold and silver mineralization in the central and southeastern Korea. Econ. Environ. Geol., v. 28, p. 587-597
  23. Choi, S.-G., Kwon, S.-T., Lee, J.-H., So, C.S. and Pak, S.J. (2005a) Origin of Mesozoic gold deposits in South Korea. Island Arc, v. 14, p. 102-114 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.2005.00459.x
  24. Choi, S.-G., Ryu, I.-C., Pak, S.J., Wee, S.M., Kim, C.S. and Park, M.E. (2005b) Cretaceous epithermal gold-silver mineralization and geodynamic environment, Korea. Ore Geol. Rev., v. 26, p. 115-135 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2004.10.005
  25. Choi, S.-G., Pak, S.J., Kim, C.S., Ryu, I.-C. and Wee, S.M. (2006) The origin and evolution of mineralizing fluids in the Cretaceous Gyeongsang Basin, southereastern Korea. J. Geochem. Explor., v. 89, p. 61-64 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.12.009
  26. Chough, S.K., Kwon, S.-T., Ree, J.-H. and Choi, D.K. (2000) Tectonic and sedimentary evolution of the Korean Peninsula: A review and new view. Earth Sci. Rev., v. 52, p. 175-235 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-8252(00)00029-5
  27. Corbett, G.J. and Leach, T.M. (1998) Southwest Pacific Rim gold-copper systems: Structure, alteration and mineralization. Rev. in Econ. Geol., 6, 235 pp
  28. Cruzel, D., Lee, B.J. and Cadet, J.P. (1991) Indosinian dextral ductile fault system and synkinematic plutonism in the south-west of the Ogcheon belt (South Korea). Tectonophysics, v. 194, p, 131-151 https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(91)90277-Y
  29. Goldfarb, R.J., Groves, D.I. and Gardoll, S. (2001) Orogenic gold and geologic time: a global synthesis. Ore Geol. Rev., v. 18, p. 1-75 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(01)00016-6
  30. Groves, D.I., Goldfarb, R.J., Gebre-Mariam, M., Hagemann, S.G. and Robert, F. (1998) Orogenic gold deposits: A proposed classification in the context of their crustal distribution and relationship to other gold deposit types. Ore Geol. Rev., v. 13, p. 7-27 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(97)00012-7
  31. Heo C.H., So C.S., Youm S.J. and Kim S.H. (1999) Oxygen and hydrogen isotope study of the gold-silver mines in the Boseong-Iangheung area, Chollanamdo province, Korea. J. Korean Inst. Min. Energy Res. Eng., v. 36, p. 404-411
  32. Heo, C.H., Yun, S.T., So, C.S. and Choi, S.-G. (2001) Mesothermal gold mineralization at Seolhwa mine, Asan district: Oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies. J. Korean Inst. Min. Energy Res. Eng., v. 38, p. 405-415
  33. Heo, C.H., Yun, S.T., So, C.S. and Choi, S.-G. (2002) Geochemistry of the granitoids hosting the Seolhwa Au mine, Asan district, Chungcheongnamdo province, Korea: Genetic implication on the mesothermal gold mineralization. Geosystem Eng., v. 5, p. 54-56 https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2002.10541188
  34. Hwang, J. and Park, H.I. (1996) Stable isotope of the Nakcheon, Eunchi and Jungbong gold-silver depositsin the northern Taebaegsan mining district. Econ. Env. Geol., v. 29, p. 159-170
  35. Jin, M.S., Lee, Y.S. and Ishihara, S. (2001) Granitoids and their magnetic susceptibility in South Korea. Resource Geol., v. 51, p. 189-204 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-3928.2001.tb00091.x
  36. Jwa, Y.J. (1998) Temporal, spatial and geochemical discriminations of granitoids in south Korea. Resource Geol., v. 47, p. 273-284
  37. Jwa, Y.J. (2004) Possible source rocks of Mesozoic granites in south Korea: Implications for crustal evolution in NE Asia. Trans. Royal Soc. of Edinburch, v. 95, p. 181-198 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263593304000161
  38. Kerrich, R., Goldfarb, R, Groves, D. and Garwin, S. (2000) The geodynamics of world-class gold deposits: Characteristics, space-time distribution and origins. Gold in 2000, Rev. in Econ. Geol., v. 13, p. 501-55l
  39. Kim, H. and Cho, M. (1999) Polymetamorphism of Ogcheon Supergroup in the Miwon area, central Ogcheon metamorphic belt, South Korea. Geosci. J., v. 3, p. 151-162 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02910271
  40. Kim, S.H., Choi, Y.C. and Youm, S.J. (1999) Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Sanjeon Au-Ag deposit, Wonju area, Korea. Econ. Env. Geol., v. 32, p. 445-454
  41. Kim, S.W., Oh, C.W., Hyodo, H., Itaya, T. and Liou, J.G. (2005) Metamorphic Evolution of the Southwest Okcheon Metamorphic Belt in South Korea and Its Regional Tectonic Implications. Inter. Geol. Rev., v. 47, p. 344-370 https://doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.47.4.344
  42. Kim, W.J. (1986) Metallogeny on gold-silver in south Korea. J. Korean Inst. Mining Geol., v. 19, p. 243-264
  43. Lee, C.H. and Park, H.I. (1994) Gold mineralization and depositional environment of the Samjo deposits, Korea. J. Geol. Soc. Korea, v. 30, p. 395-409
  44. Lee, C.H. and Park, H.I. (1996) Epithermal gold-silver mineralization and depositional environment of carbonate-hosted replacement type Baegjeon deposits, Korea. Econ. Env. Geol., v. 29, p. 105-117
  45. Lee, C.S., Kim, J. and Kim H.N. (1996) Mineralization of the gold-silver ore deposits in Naju-Youngam area. J. Korean Earth Sci. Soc., v. 17, p. 166-173
  46. Lee, S.R. and Cho, M. (2003) Metamorphic and tectonic evolution of the Hwacheon granulite complex, central Korea: Composite P-T path resulting from two distinct crustal-thickening events. J. Petrol., v. 44, p. 197225 https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/44.2.197
  47. Maruyama, S., Isozaki, Y., Kimura, G. and Terabayashi, M. (1997) Paleo-geographic maps of the Japanese islands. plate tectonic synthesis from 750 Ma to the present. Island Arc, v. 6, p. 121-142 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.1997.tb00043.x
  48. Min. K. and Cho, M. (1998) Metamorphic evolution of the northwestern Ogcheon metamorphic belt, South Korea. Lithos, v. 43, p. 31-51 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-4937(98)00006-1
  49. Oh, C.W. and Choi, S.H. (1993) The appilication of computer program for determination of fluid properties and P-T condition from microthermometric data on fluid inclusions. J. Korean Inst. Mining Geol., v. 26, p. 21-27
  50. Oh, C.W., Choi, S.-G., Song, S.H. and Kim, S.W. (2004a) Metamorphic evolution of the Baekdong metabasite in the Hongseong area, South Korea and its relationship with the Sulu collision belt of China. Gondwana Res., v. 7, p. 809-816 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1342-937X(05)71065-0
  51. Oh, C.W., Kim, S.W., Ryu, I., Okada, T., Hyodo, H. and Itaya, T. (2004b) Tectono-metamorphic evolution of the Okcheon Metamorphic Belt, South Korea: Tectonic implications in East Asia. Island Arc, v. 13, p. 387-402 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.2004.00433.x
  52. Oh, C.W., Kim, S.W., Choi, S.-G., Zhai, M., Guo, J. and Sajeev, K. (2005) First finding of Eclogite facies metamorphic event in South Korea and its correlation with the Dabie-Sulu collision belt in China. J. Geol., v. 113, p. 226-232 https://doi.org/10.1086/427671
  53. Otoh S. and Yanai S. (1996) Mesozoic inversive wrench tectonics in far east Asia: examples from Korea and Japan. In: Yin A. and Harrison T.M. (Eds.) The Tectonic Evolution of Asia, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p. 401-419
  54. Pak, S.J., Choi, S.-G. and Choi, S.H. (2004) Systematic mineralogy and chemistry of gold-silver vein deposits in the Taebaeksan district in Korea: Distal relatives of a porphyry system. Min. Mag., v. 68, p. 467-487 https://doi.org/10.1180/0026461046830199
  55. Pak, S.J., Choi, S.-G., Oh, C.W., Heo, C.H., Choi, S.H. and Kim, S.W. (2006) Genetic environment of the intrusion-related Yuryang Au-Te deposit in the Cheonan metallogenic province, Korea. Resource Geol., v. 56, p. 117-132 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-3928.2006.tb00273.x
  56. Ree, J.H., Cho, M., Kwon, S.T., Nakamura, E., (1996) Possible eastward extension of Chinese collision belt in South-Korea: the Imjingang belt. Geology, v. 24, p. 1071-1074 https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<1071:PEEOCC>2.3.CO;2
  57. Ree, J. H., Kwon, S.H., Park, Y., Kwon, S.T. and Park, S.H. (2001) Pretectonic and posttectonic emplacements of the Granitoids in the south central Okcheon belt, South Korea: Implications for the timing of strike-slip shearing and thrusting. Tectonics, v. 20, p. 850-867 https://doi.org/10.1029/2000TC001267
  58. Sagong H., Kwon S.T. and Ree J.H. (2005) Mesozoic episodic magmatism in South Korea and its tectonic implication. Tectonics, v. 24, p. 1-18
  59. Sengor, A.M.C. and Natal'in, B.A. (1996) Paleotectonics of Asia: Fragments of a synthesis, In: Yin A. and Harrison, T.M., (Eds.), The Tectonic Evolution of Asia, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p. 486-640
  60. Shelton, K.L., So, C.S. and Chang, J.S. (1988) Gold-rich mesothermal vein deposits of the Republic of Korea: Geochemical studies of the Jungwon gold area. Econ. Geol., v. 83, p. 1221-1237 https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.83.6.1221
  61. Shelton, K.L., So, C.S., Haeussler, G.T. Chi, S.J. and Lee K.Y. (1990) Geochemical studies of the Tongyoung gold-silver deposits, Republic of Korea: Evidence of meteoric water dominance in a Te-bearing epithermal system. Econ. Geol., v. 85, p. 1114-1132 https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.85.6.1114
  62. Shimazaki, H., Lee, M.S., Tsusue A. and Kaneda, H. (1986) Three epochs of gold mineralization in South Korea. Mining Geol., v. 36, p. 265-272
  63. So, C.S. and Shelton, K.L. (1987) Stable isotope and fluid inclusion studies of gold-silver bearing hydrothermal vein deposits, Cheonan-Cheongyang-Nonsan mining district, Republic of Korea: Cheonan area. Econ. Geol., v. 82, p. 987-1000 https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.82.4.987
  64. So, C.S., Choi, S.H., Chi, S.J., Choi, S.G. and Shelton, K.L. (1989a) Geochemical studies on Au-Ag hydrothermal vein deposits, Republic of Korea: Geryeong-Waegwan mineralized area. J. Korean Inst. Mining Geol., v. 22, p. 221-235
  65. So, C.S., Yun, S.T., Choi, S.H. and Shelton, K.L. (1989b) Geochemical studies of hydrothermal gold-silver deposits, Republic of Korea, Youngdong mining district. Mining Geol., v. 39, p. 9-19
  66. So, C.S., Yun, S.T., Choi, S.H., Kim, S.H. and Kim, M. Y. (1992) Cretaceous epithermal Au-Ag mineralization in the Muju-Yeongam district (Sulcheon mineralized area), Republic of Korea. J. Korean Inst. Mining Geol., v. 25, p. 115-131
  67. So, C.S., Yun, S.T. and Koh, Y.K (1993) Mineralogy, fluid inclusion, and stable isotope evidence for the genesis of carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn(-Ag) ore bodies of the Taebaek deposit, Republic of Korea. Econ. Geol., v. 88, p. 855-872 https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.88.4.855
  68. So, C.S., Yun, S.T., Youm, S.J. and Heo, C.H. (1994) Fluid inclusion and stable isotope studies of gold- and silver- bearing vein deposits, South Korea: Silver-rich epithermal mineralization of the Keumryeong mine. N. Jb. Min. Abh., v. 167, p. 57-88
  69. So, C.S., Yun, S.T. and Shelton, K.L. (1995) Mesothermal gold vein mineralization of the Samdong mine, Youndong mining district, Republic of Korea: A geochemical and fluid inclusion study. Miner. Deposita, v. 30, p. 384-396
  70. So, C.S., Yun, S.T. and Kwon, S.H. (1999a) Fluid inclusion and stable isotope studies of mesothermal gold vein deposits in metamorphic rocks of central Sobaegsan Massif, Korea: Youngdong area. Econ. Env. Geol., v. 32, p. 561-573
  71. So, C.S., Yun, S.T., Heo, C.H. and Youm, S.J. (1999b) Geochemistry and genesis of mesothermal gold deposits in Korea: Base metal-rich gold mineralization of the Byungjibang mine, Hweongsung area. J. Min. Petro. Econ. Geol., v. 94, p. 69-82
  72. So, C.S., Yun, S.T., Shelton, K.L. and Zhang D.Q. (2002) Geochemistry of the Youngbogari deposit, Republic of Korea: An unusual mesothermal gold-silver deposit of the Youngdong area. Geochem. J., v. 36, p. 155-171 https://doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.36.155
  73. So, C.S. and Yun S.T. (1996) Geochemical evidence of progressive meteoric water interaction in epithermal Au-Ag mineralization, Jeongju-Buan district, Republic of Korea. Econ. Geol., v. 91, p. 636-646 https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.91.3.636
  74. So, C.S. and Yun, S.T. (1997) Jurassic mesothermal gold mineralization of the Samhwanghak mine, Youngdong area, Republic of Korea: Geochemistry of magmatichydrothermal gold deposition. Econ. Geol., v. 92, p. 60-80 https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.92.1.60
  75. Yang, J.H., Wu, F.Y. and Wilde, S.A. (2003) A review of the geodynamic setting of large-scale Late Mesozoic gold mineralization in the north China craton: an association with lithospheric thinning. Ore Geol. Rev., v. 23, p.125-152 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(03)00033-7
  76. Youn, S.T. and Park, H.I. (1991) Gold and silver mineralization in the Yonghwa mine. J. Korean Inst. Mining Geol., v. 24, p. 107-129
  77. Yun, S.T., So, C.S., Choi, S.H., Shelton, K.L. and Koo, J.H. (1993) Genetic environment of germanium-bearing gold-silver vein ores from the Wolyu mine, Republic of Korea. Miner. Deposita, v. 28, p. 107-121
  78. Yun, S.T., Youm, S.J., So, C.S., Choi, S.-G., Zhang, D.Q. and Koh, Y.K. (2001) Genesis and age constrains on gold deposits of the Daerae mine, Sangju area, central-northern Sobaegsan Massif, Korea. Resource Geol., v. 51, p. 1-11 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-3928.2001.tb00076.x
  79. Zhou, T., Goldfarb, R. and Phillips, G.N. (2002) Tectonics and distribution of gold deposits in China - An overview. Miner. Deposita, v. 37, p. 249-282 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-001-0237-4