Abstract
This study was carried out to analyze the characteristics of forest watershed factors by using the quantification theory(I) for evaluation and prediction of the failure hazard area. Present $sediment(m^3/yr/ha)$ of erosion control dams were investigated in 95 sites of erosion control dam constructed during 1986 to 1999 in Gyeongnam province. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows; General condition of class I(Very hazard area) were as follow; Igneous rock in parent rock, coniferous in forest type, below 20year in stand age, below 30cm in soil depth, SCL in soil texture, $31{\sim}40%$ in gravel contents, $S{\sim}E$ in aspect, $2,501{\sim}3,600m$ in length of main stream, $26{\sim}30$ in number of total streams, $6,601{\sim}10,000m$ in length of total streams, over 3 in stream order, over 16 in number of first streams order and over $31^{\circ}$ of slope gradient. General condition of class IIl(hazard area) were as follow; Metamorphic rock in parent rock, hardwood in forest type, over $21{\sim}24year$ in stand age, $31{\sim}40cm$ in soil depth, SiCL or SCL in soil texture, $11{\sim}20%$ in gravel contents, $S{\sim}W$ in aspect, $1,501{\sim}2,600m$ in length of main stream, $6{\sim}10$ in number of total streams, $3,501{\sim}5,500m$ in length of total streams, 2 in stream order, $6{\sim}10$ in number of first streams order and over $31^{\circ}$ of slope gradient. General condition of class III(Un hazard area) were as follow; Sedimentary rock in parent rock, mixed in forest type, over 25year in stand age, $41{\sim}50cm$ in soil depth, SiCL in soil texture, below 10% in gravel contents, $N{\sim}W$ in aspect, below 500m in length of main stream, below 5 in number of total streams, below 1,000m in length of total treams, below 1 in stream order, below 2 in number of first streams order and below $25^{\circ}$ of slope gradient. The prediction method of suitable for failure hazard area divided into class I, II, and III for the convenience of use. The score of class I evaluated as a very hazard area was over 4.8052. A score of class II was 4.8051 to 2.5602, it was evaluated as a hazard area, and class III was below 2.5601, it was evaluated as a un hazard area.
산림유역 조건에 따른 붕괴 토사량을 측정하여 사면 붕괴가능성을 평가하고 붕괴위험 지역에 대한 예지기술(豫知技術)을 개발함으로서 산지사면에서 발생하는 각종 재해에 대한 피해를 최소화 할 수 있는 산림유역 관리에 대한 기술적 기초 자료를 제공하고자 연구하였다. 붕괴 위험지역을 평가한 결과 I급지(매우 위험지역)는 화성암지 역으로 침엽수림이며 임령은 20년생 이하, 토심은 30cm 이하, 토성은 사질식양토(SCL), 석력함량은 $31{\sim}40%$, 사면방위는 남${\sim}$동$(S{\sim}E)$사면, 주하천길이는 $2,501{\sim}3,500m$, 총하천수는$26{\sim}30$개, 총하천길이는$5,501{\sim}10,000m$, 하천차수는 3차수, 일차하천수는 $11{\sim}15$개 또는 16개 이상, 사면경사는 $31^{\circ}$이상의 지역으로 평가되었고, II급지(위험지역)는 변성암지역으로 활엽수림이며 임령은 $21{\sim}24$년생, 토심은$31{\sim}40cm$, 토성은 미사질식양토(SiCL) 또는 사질식양토(SCL), 석력함량은 $11{\sim}20%$, 사면방위는 남${\sim}$서$(S{\sim}W)$사면, 주하천길이는 $1,501{\sim}2,500m$, 총하천수는 $6{\sim}10$개, 총하천길이는 $3,501{\sim}5,500m$, 하천차수는 2차수, 일차하천수는 $6{\sim}10$개, 사면경사는 $31^{\circ}$이상의 지역으로 평가되었으며, III급지(비 위험지역)는 퇴적암지역으로 임상은 혼효림, 임령은 25년생 이상, 토심은 $41{\sim}50cm$, 토성은 미사질식양토(SiCL), 석 력함량은 10% 이하, 사면방위는북${\sim}$서$(N{\sim}W)$사면, 주하천길이는 500m 이하, 총하천수는 5개 이하, 총하천길이는 1,000m 이하, 하천차수는 1차수, 일차하천수는 2개 이하, 사면경사는 $25^{\circ}$이하의 지역으로 평가되었다. 붕괴위험 예측치를 이용하여 붕괴위험지역을 예지한 결과 점수의 합계가 I급지는 4.8052점 이상이며 II급지는 4.8051점에서 2.5602점 사이에 해당하며 III급지는 2.5601점 이하의 지역으로 분석되었다.
